# Hazardous Material; Miscellaneous Packaging Amendments

- **operation:** document
- **citation:** 71 FR 52017
- **title:** Hazardous Material; Miscellaneous Packaging Amendments
- **source type:** rulemaking
- **agency:** Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
- **status:** proposed
- **official:** true
- **published on:** 2006-09-01
- **effective on:** Not available
- **summary:** In this NPRM, PHMSA is proposing to make miscellaneous amendments to the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) based on changes to packaging requirements in the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, petitions for rulemaking received in accordance with requirements specified in 49 CFR 106.95, and PHMSA initiative. These proposed amendments are intended to clarify certain regulatory requirements specific to bulk and non-bulk packaging. The amendments proposed in this NPRM also include incorporation of requirements for construction, maintenance and use of Large Packagings, clarification of specification marking requirements, and revisions to packaging definitions.
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Federal Register, Volume 71 Issue 170 (Friday, September 1, 2006) [Federal Register Volume 71, Number 170 (Friday, September 1, 2006)] [Proposed Rules] [Pages 52017-52040] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [ www.gpo.gov ] [FR Doc No: 06-7360] ======================================================================= ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration 49 CFR Parts 171, 172, 173, 174, and 178 [Docket No. PHMSA-06-25736 (HM-231)] RIN 2137-AD89 Hazardous Material; Miscellaneous Packaging Amendments AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM). ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: In this NPRM, PHMSA is proposing to make miscellaneous amendments to the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) based on changes to packaging requirements in the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, petitions for rulemaking received in accordance with requirements specified in 49 CFR [[Page 52018]] 106.95, and PHMSA initiative. These proposed amendments are intended to clarify certain regulatory requirements specific to bulk and non-bulk packaging. The amendments proposed in this NPRM also include incorporation of requirements for construction, maintenance and use of Large Packagings, clarification of specification marking requirements, and revisions to packaging definitions. DATES: Comments must be received by November 30, 2006. ADDRESSES: You may submit comments to the docket number PHMSA-06-25736 (HM-231) by any of the following methods: Web Site: http://dms.dot.gov . Follow the instructions for submitting comments on the DOT electronic docket site. Fax: 1-202-493-2251. Mail: Docket Management System; U.S. Department of Transportation, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Nassif Building, Room PL-401, Washington, DC 20590-0001. If sent by mail, comments are to be submitted in two copies. Persons wishing to receive confirmation of receipt of their comments should include a self-addressed stamped postcard. Hand Delivery: Docket Management System; Room PL-401 on the plaza level of the Nassif Building, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. Instructions: All submissions must include the agency name and docket number or Regulatory Identification Number (RIN) for this rulemaking. All comments received will be posted without change to http://dms.dot.gov including any personal information provided. You may review DOT's complete Privacy Act Statement in the Federal Register published on April 11, 2000 (volume 65, number 70; pages 19477-78) or you may visit http://dms.dot.gov . Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents and comments received, go to http://dms.dot.gov at any time or to Room PL- 401 on the plaza level of the Nassif Building, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Arthur M. Pollack, Office of Hazardous Materials Standards, (202) 366-8553, or Donald Burger, Office of Hazardous Materials Technology, (202) 366-4545; Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, 400 Seventh Street, SW., Washington, DC 20590-0001. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background On December 21, 1990, the Research and Special Programs Administration-- the predecessor agency to the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA; we) --published a final rule (Docket HM-181; 55 FR 52402) based on the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN Recommendations). The final rule comprehensively revised the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR), 49 CFR parts 171 to 180, for harmonization with international standards. Included in these amendments was a change to hazardous materials packaging standards from detailed design specifications to performance oriented standards. This NPRM is designed primarily to clarify requirements specific to packaging issues and to reduce regulatory burdens on industry by incorporating changes into the HMR based on PHMSA's own initiative and petitions for rulemaking submitted in accordance with 49 CFR 106.95. We are also proposing to add two new subparts to part 178: Subpart P--Large Packaging Performance-Oriented Standards and subpart Q--Testing of Large Packagings. In this NPRM, we are proposing the following revisions to the HMR: 1. Revise, remove, and add definitions specific to packaging requirements. 2. Amend export and import provisions in Sec. 171.12. 3. Revise Sec. 172.101 Table entries for packaging requirements. 4. Add and revise special provisions. 5. Clarify shippers' responsibilities for complying with packaging standards. 6. Clarify requirements for stacking of bulk packaging. 7. Correct error in general IBC requirements related to gauge pressure. 8. Authorize bromine residue in cargo tanks. 9. Clarify closure instructions for specification packagings. 10. Add exceptions for marking of steel drums. 11. Add an exception for marking of UN symbol with a stencil. 12. Amend packaging variations. 13. Add standards and provision for the manufacture and use of Large Packagings. In this NPRM, we are proposing to address eight petitions for rulemaking. We propose changes to the HMR based on six petitions. We are denying two petitions. The petitions are discussed in more detail in the appropriate sections of this preamble. The following table identifies the petitions addressed in this NPRM: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Petition* Company Section Status of petition ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- P-1173......................... Monsanto Company....... Sec. 171.8..... Amendments proposed based on petition. P-1328......................... Reusable Industrial Sec. 173.28(b). Denial. Packaging Association. P-1337......................... Steel Shipping Sec. 178.601(g) Amendments proposed based on Container Institute. petition. P-1356......................... Connelly Containers.... Sec. 178.703(a) Denial. P-1359......................... Association of Sec. 171.8..... Amendments proposed based on Container petition. Reconditioners. P-1371......................... Steel Shipping Sec. Sec. Amendments proposed based on and Container Institute. 178.3(a) and petition. 178.503(a). P-1431......................... Arch Chemicals, Inc.... Sec. 171.12.... Amendments proposed based on petition. P-1455......................... Dangerous Goods Sec. 178.503... Amendments proposed based on Advisory Council. petition. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \*\ Each of these petitions can be viewed at the Dockets Management System Web site at: http://dms.dot.gov/reports/rspa_report.cfm . [[Page 52019]] II. Summary of Proposed Regulatory Changes by Section Part 171 Section 171.8. We propose to remove the definition for ``strong outside container'' and add a new definition for ``strong outer packaging.'' Currently, the HMR use the terms ``strong outside container'' and ``strong outer packaging'' interchangeably; however, there is no definition for ``strong outer packaging'' in Sec. 171.8. Therefore, we are proposing to remove the definition for ``strong outside container'' and add a definition for ``strong outer packaging.'' The term ``strong outside container'' is used only once in the HMR in Sec. 173.338; therefore, we are also proposing to revise the reference to read ``strong outer packaging.'' Use of one defined term when referring to ``strong outer packaging'' will clarify related packaging requirements. The proposed definition states ``strong outer packaging'' is the outermost enclosure for a hazardous material. As proposed, a strong outer packaging must meet the requirements of part 173, subpart B, but need not be tested in accordance with part 178 of the HMR. In addition, we propose a reference as a reminder to shippers intending to offer hazardous materials by air that Sec. 173.27 applies to strong outer packagings. The Association of Container Reconditioners (ACR) petitioned PHMSA (P-1359) to add definitions for ``Remanufactured packaging,'' ``Reused packaging,'' and ``Reconditioned packaging'' to Sec. 171.8. ACR contends that these definitions will be easier for the reader to find if they are in Sec. 171.8. The definitions of ``Remanufactured packaging'' and ``Reconditioned packaging'' contain regulatory requirements; therefore we are not proposing to move the definitions to Sec. 171.8. However, we agree that there should be a reference to the definitions for ``Remanufactured packaging'' and ``Reconditioned packaging'' in Sec. 171.8. Therefore, we are proposing to insert a reader's aid into Sec. 171.8 to make reference to the definitions and regulatory requirements in Sec. 173.28. The meaning of the term ``reuse'' is evident based on its use in Sec. 173.28 and is not used in the HMR other than this section. Therefore we see no compelling need to add a definition for ``Reused packaging'' to Sec. 171.8 at this time. In this NPRM we are proposing to revise the definitions for ``Bulk packaging'' and ``Non-bulk packaging'' based on the particular packaging specification at issue and volumetric capacity. The current definitions read as follows: Bulk packaging means a packaging, other than a vessel or a barge, including a transport vehicle or freight container, in which hazardous materials are loaded with no intermediate form of containment and which has: (1) A maximum capacity greater than 450 L (119 gallons) as a receptacle for a liquid; (2) A maximum net mass greater than 400 kg (882 pounds) and a maximum capacity greater than 450 L (119 gallons) as a receptacle for a solid; or (3) A water capacity greater than 454 kg (1000 pounds) as a receptacle for a gas as defined in Sec. 173.115 of this subchapter. Non-bulk packaging means a packaging which has: (1) A maximum capacity of 450 L (119 gallons) or less as a receptacle for a liquid; (1) A maximum net mass greater of 400 kg (882 pounds) or less and a maximum capacity of 450 L (119 gallons) or less as a receptacle for a solid; or (2) A water capacity of 454 kg (1000 pounds) or less as a receptacle for a gas as defined in Sec. 173.115 of this subchapter. Monsanto Company petitioned PHMSA (P-1173) to revise the definition for ``Non-bulk packaging'' by changing ``and'' to ``or'' in paragraph (2) to read ``A maximum net mass of 400 kg (882 pounds) or less or a maximum capacity of 450 L (119 gallons) or less as a receptacle for a solid.'' If this change were to be made, packagings with a volume greater than 450 L (119 gallons) with a net mass of less than 400 kg (882 pounds) would be defined as non-bulk packagings. It has been our long-standing interpretation that such packagings are defined as bulk packagings. Through letters of interpretation issued from the Office of Hazardous Materials Standards, we have stated the bulk packaging definition is based on the capacity of the receptacle, not on the actual amount contained therein at the time of shipment. We are not proposing to change the meaning of bulk packaging or non-bulk packaging in this NPRM, only clarify how they are defined. However, we agree the definitions for ``Bulk packaging'' and ``Non- bulk packaging'' should be revised to provide clarity in the HMR. For example, under the current language in the HMR, a person attempting to determine whether a UN 4G fiberboard box is a non-bulk packaging must first carefully read the definition for non-bulk packaging in Sec. 171.8 and must also read the standards for fiberboard boxes in Sec. 178.516. A packaging manufacturer must consult Sec. Sec. 171.8 and 178.516 to determine the restrictions on size and capacity before designing, constructing, and testing a UN 4G fiberboard box. To reduce confusion and clarify the definitions for ``bulk packaging'' and ``non-bulk packaging,'' in this NPRM, we propose to define the terms as follows: Bulk packaging means: (1) Any specification cargo tank, tank car, or portable tank constructed and marked in accordance with part 178 of this subchapter; (2) Any Specification 3AX, 3AAX or 3T cylinder constructed, marked and certified in accordance with subpart C of part 178 of this subchapter. (3) Any Industrial Packaging, Type A, Type B, Intermediate Bulk Container, Large Packaging, or non-specification packaging that has a volumetric capacity of greater than 450 L (119 gallons). Non bulk packaging means: (1) Any packaging constructed, marked, tested and certified as meeting the standards specified in Subparts L and M of Part 178 of this subchapter. (2) Except for Specifications 3AX, 3AAX and 3T, any Specification cylinder constructed, marked and certified in accordance with subpart C of part 178 of this subchapter. (3) Any Industrial Packaging, Type A, Type B, Intermediate Bulk Container, Large Packaging, or non-specification packaging that has a volumetric capacity of 450 liters (119 gallons) or less. In addition to the revised definitions, we are proposing to amend subpart L of part 178 to include capacity limitations applicable to individual DOT specification packagings. For example, a plywood box would be limited to a maximum volumetric capacity of 450 L (119 gallons). Using these proposed definitions, a person would determine that a UN 4G is a non-bulk packaging based on the definition in Sec. 171.8 alone. Similarly, based on the proposed revisions to part 178, subpart L, a packaging manufacturer could determine the size and capacity restrictions in one section without referring back to Sec. 171.8. The proposed revisions do not change the current thresholds under which packagings are defined as bulk or non-bulk. Rather, the intended effect of these revisions is to clarify the current definitions, thereby eliminating confusion and enhancing voluntary compliance. The definitions in this NPRM for ``bulk packaging'' and ``non-bulk packaging'' clarify packagings with a volume of 450 L (119 gallons) or less and with a gross mass of more than 400 kg are defined as ``Non- bulk packagings.'' Packagings with a volume greater than 450 L (119 gallons) and with a gross mass less than or equal to 400 kg are defined as ``Bulk packagings.'' We are currently reviewing these definitions to determine if we should revise or eliminate the volumetric capacity limits for individual packagings and the impact of such revisions. Specifically, we are [[Page 52020]] considering eliminating the volumetric limit for boxes, IBC's, and portable tanks. We ask commenters to address the following questions, to the extent possible, when submitting comments to the NPRM: 1. Should we eliminate the volumetric limit for boxes, IBC's, and portable tanks? 2. What are the regulatory and/or cost impacts of eliminating the volumetric limit for boxes, IBC's, and portable tanks? 3. Would this be more consistent with the UN Recommendations? 4. How should marking, labeling and placarding issues be addressed if the volumetric limit is removed or changed? In this NPRM, we are proposing to add new standards for Large Packagings and to revise Sec. 178.801(i) to remove the requirement for approval before manufacture and use of Large Packagings. As a result, it is necessary to make minor revisions to the definition of Large Packaging. We are removing the reference to Sec. 178.801, inserting references to the proposed new subparts P and Q to part 178, and removing the reference to gross mass to be consistent with the proposed changes to the definitions for ``Bulk packaging'' and ``Non-bulk packaging.'' Section 171.12. Arch Chemicals, Inc. (``Arch'') petitioned PHMSA (P-1431) to amend Sec. 171.12, which establishes requirements for import and export shipments, to reference the marking requirement in Sec. 172.313(b). Section 172.313, paragraph (b) requires plastic and composite non-bulk packagings containing Division 6.1 material to be marked ``POISON''. In its petition, Arch states that as a result of Sec. 171.12 having no provision for compliance with Sec. 172.313, import shipments need not have this marking. Arch suggests that this is an inconsistency in the HMR. We agree this is an oversight and are proposing to add a new paragraph (b)(13) to Sec. 171.12 to require import and export shipments transported under Sec. 171.12 to comply with Sec. 172.313(b). Part 172 The Hazardous Materials Table (HMT). In this NPRM, we are proposing to amend the entries for ``Azodicarbonamide'' and ``Isosorbide-5- mononitrate.'' Because these materials pose similar hazards, they are best packaged in the same manner as Musk xylene (5-tert-Butyl-2,4,6- trinitro-m-xylene); therefore we are changing their references for non- bulk packaging to Sec. 173.223. In addition, we are proposing to authorize the transportation of certain explosives in Large Packagings consistent with the UN Recommendations. Therefore several entries for explosives are revised to read ``62'' rather than ``none'' in Column (8c). In addition, we are proposing to make editorial changes to the special provisions and vessel stowage requirements for these entries in the HMT. Section 172.102. In this NPRM, we are proposing to add two new subparts to Part 178 to authorize the construction of Large Packagings. To authorize the use of these Large Packagings, we are proposing to revise paragraph (c)(4) to include provisions for Large Packagings. The revised language will specify that Large Packagings are authorized when a table entry specifies Special Provision IB3 or IB8. In this section, we will also restrict the use of Large Packagings to Packing Group III materials, with the exception of the following PG II entries, which will be authorized via a new Special Provision 41: UN 2531, Methacrylic acid, stabilized and UN 3291, Regulated medical waste, n.o.s. We are proposing to authorize these two Packing Group II entries to be consistent with the UN Recommendations. We propose to insert a new Table 3 authorizing Large Packagings and to revise Table 1 so IB3 and IB8 reference the new Table 3. Section 172.514. We are proposing to add Large Packagings to the types of packagings that may be placarded on only two opposite sides or labeled instead of placarded. Part 173 Section 173.12. The Reusable Industrial Packaging Association (RIPA) petitioned PHMSA (P-1328) to amend Sec. 173.12(c), which establishes conditions for reuse of previously used packagings for the transportation of hazardous waste. In its petition, RIPA states that the minimum thickness criteria specified in Sec. 173.28(b)(4) for the reuse of metal and plastic drums and jerricans, should be applied to packagings reused for hazardous waste under the exception in Sec. 173.12(c). RIPA believes this is an oversight and was inadvertently incorporated into the HMR as part of Docket HM-181 (December 21, 1990; 55 FR 52401). The exception in Sec. 173.12(c) is not authorized for packaging intended to be used more than two times (initial use and the return shipment of the waste product). A package may only be shipped under this exception once and must meet the following conditions; (1) It may only be transported by highway; (2) it must be loaded by the shipper and unloaded by the consignee or shipped by a private motor carrier; and (3) the packaging may not be offered for transportation less than twenty four hours after it is finally closed for transportation and each package must be inspected for leakage and found to be free from leaks immediately prior to being offered for transportation. If the packaging is subsequently reused, it will be subject to the minimum thickness requirements in Sec. 173.28(b)(4). The significant restrictions of Sec. 173.12(c) and fact that the exception may only be used once per packaging make it unnecessary to require a shipper to comply with the minimum thickness criteria in Sec. 173.28(b)(4). Therefore, we do not believe that these packages that comply with the restrictions in Sec. 173.12(c) need to comply with the minimum thickness criteria in Sec. 173.28(b)(4). We do not believe that the costs associated with the impacts of RIPA's request are commensurate with the benefits. Section 173.22. We are proposing to revise the shipper's responsibilities in Sec. 173.22(a)(4) to include the requirement to maintain a copy of the manufacturer notification, closure instructions, and supporting documentation for variations in Sec. 178.601(g). Current requirements specify that the person transferring the package to the shipper or distributor must furnish a copy of the notification; however, there is no requirement for the shipper to retain the documentation. Within an organization, a person other than the person who will be closing the package may receive the written notification. In addition, a packaging might not be filled and closed for months or years after it has been transferred to an individual or company. In these circumstances the written notification may be lost or unavailable to the person closing the package. We are proposing these changes to ensure each shipper will properly close packagings. Section 173.24b. We are proposing a new paragraph to clarify that packages not designated and tested for stacking may not be stacked during transportation. In addition, we are proposing to clarify that packages intended for stacking may not have more weight superimposed upon them than is marked on the packaging. Section 173.28. We are proposing to add an additional sentence to paragraphs (a) and (f) to clarify that packagings not meeting minimum thickness criteria may not be reconditioned or remanufactured. Section 173.35. In paragraph (h)(2), we are proposing to correct an error in the pressure limitation for metal IBCs. Currently, paragraph (h)(2) prohibits the gauge pressure in a metal IBC from exceeding 110 kPa (16 psig) at 50 [deg]C [[Page 52021]] (122 [deg]F) or 130 kPa (18.9 psig) at 55 [deg]C (131 [deg]F). Use of the term ``gauge pressure'' is an error. We are proposing to correct this by changing ``gauge pressure'' to ``vapor pressure.'' Section 173.36. In this NPRM we are proposing to add two new subparts to Part 178 to authorize the manufacture of large packagings. In this section, we are adding operational requirements for the use of Large Packagings. This new section would address the Large Packaging filling limits and procedures. Before being filled and offered for transportation, every Large Packaging would be visually inspected to ensure that it is free from corrosion, contamination, cracks, or other damage that would render the Large Packaging unsafe for transportation. We are proposing that inner paper or flexible plastic packagings must be replaced with new inner packagings prior to reuse of the Large Packaging. We are also proposing requirements for mixed content Large Packagings based on the current non-bulk combination packaging requirements specified in Sec. 173.24a. Section 173.62. In accordance with the UN Recommendations, we are proposing to authorize Large Packagings for the transportation of certain explosives. We are proposing to revise packaging instruction 130 in the Table of Packing Methods to include certain Large Packagings. Section 173.223. We are proposing to revise this section for consistency with the proposed revised HMT entries for ``Azodicarbonamide'' and ``Isosorbide-5-mononitrate.'' Sections 173.240 through 173.242. We are proposing to amend these three generic bulk packaging sections to authorize Large Packagings and to reference Sec. 172.102, Table 2 for determining authorized Large Packagings. In these sections we are also proposing to clarify that Large Packagings are not authorized for Packing Group I or II hazardous materials. Section 173.249. Under Docket HM-215G (69 FR 76043), published on December 20, 2004, we revised paragraph (c) to authorize the return of portable tanks containing a residue of bromine. In this NPRM, we propose to revise paragraph (b) to authorize the transportation of bromine residue in cargo tanks to facilitate the return of empty cargo tanks with a bromine residue. Section 173.338. We are proposing to remove the reference to ``strong outside container'' and replace it with ``strong outer packaging.'' Part 174 Section 174.63. In Sec. 174.63, we are proposing to change the section title and paragraph (a) to reflect the addition of Large Packagings to the HMR. Part 178 Section 178.2. Current requirements in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) specify that closure instructions must be provided to whomever a packaging is transferred. However, the HMR do not specify how detailed the closure instructions must be or what they must include. As a result, shippers may not know how to properly close a package so it can be transported safely. Closure instructions generally must provide for a consistent and repeatable means of closure. To this end, the manufacturer's closure instructions could specify a range of torque values applicable to the closure. Similarly, the closure instructions could include a specific closure method (e.g., tighten the cap until the bottle contacts the cap gasket and then tighten an additional \3/4\ turn). As an alternative, the packaging and closure could be designed to ensure an effective closure. For example, the packaging could be designed with a stop feature or other indexing to indicate how the cap should be tightened. The manufacturer's closure instructions should be consistent with the language in the test report and must be written so the user is able to duplicate the closure method based on the instructions. In this NPRM, we are proposing to revise Sec. 178.2(c)(1)(ii) to clarify that closure instructions must provide for a measurable and repeatable means of closure consistent with the means of closure used for performance testing. Sections 178.3 and 178.503. The Steel Shipping Container Institute (SSI) petitioned PHMSA (P-1371) to modify marking requirements under Sec. Sec. 178.3(a)(5) and 178.503(a)(10) for packagings with a gross mass of more than 30 kg (66 pounds). Currently, packages with a gross mass of more than 30 kg (66 pounds) must be marked on the top or side. If the package marking is on the bottom, then a duplicate marking must be on the side or top. SSI's petition relates to this duplicate marking. In its petition, SSI requests a change in the language in Sec. 178.3(a)(5) to allow the duplicate marking, when applicable, to be a lesser design standard than is marked on the bottom of the package. For example, a package would be tested and marked on the bottom as meeting the Packing Group I performance standard and the duplicate marking on the side would indicate that the packaging is certified to the Packing Group II performance standard. In this NPRM, we are proposing to revise these two paragraphs to allow a lesser design standard on the side or top marking than that which is required on the bottom. This change would not impact safety and would allow drum manufacturers more flexibility when manufacturing and reusing drums. The Dangerous Goods Advisory Council (DGAC) petitioned PHMSA (P- 1455) to allow stenciling of the United Nations symbol. The HMR do not now prohibit stenciling of the UN symbol; however, the current marking requirements in Sec. 178.503 discourage stenciling because they do not tolerate even small gaps in the circle surrounding the letters ``u'' and ``n.'' The only way to stencil the UN symbol without leaving gaps in the circle is to use a two-step stenciling system. DGAC states that controlling a two-step process introduces variability, which often results in a smeared image. In response, we are proposing to revise Sec. 178.503 paragraphs (a)(1) and (e)(1) to include an objective standard under which small gaps in the United Nations symbol would be permitted. So that the symbol will remain readily identifiable, we are proposing to restrict the gaps to a size no greater than ten percent of the circumference of the circle and the number of gaps to no more than three. In addition, we are proposing to amend the language in paragraph (a)(1) to authorize this exception. Sections 178.512 through 178.521. We are proposing to amend Sec. Sec. 178.512 through 178.521 to specify volumetric capacity may not exceed 450 L (119 gallons) for the following packaging design types: aluminum boxes, natural wood boxes, plywood boxes, reconstituted wood boxes, fiberboard boxes, plastic boxes, woven plastic bags, plastic film bags, textile bags, and paper bags. We are proposing these revisions together with revisions to the definitions for ``Bulk packaging'' and ``Non-bulk packaging'' in an effort to eliminate uncertainty in determining if a package is a bulk package or a non-bulk package. Section 178.601. Under current requirements, Sec. 178.601(g)(1) provides an exception (Variation 1) that allows a person to substitute an inner receptacle if they determine that the inner packaging, including its closure, maintains an equivalent level of performance. As written, the current requirements allow substitution of the inner receptacle without any documentation of how the person making the substitution concluded the inner receptacle is equivalent. We are proposing to revise Sec. 178.601(g)(1) to [[Page 52022]] specify that the person making a change to a packaging design under the provisions of a selective testing variation must document in writing the methodology used. The Steel Shipping Container Institute (SSCI) petitioned PHMSA (P- 1337) to make several changes to the provisions in Sec. 178.601(g)(8), which apply to the approval of selective testing of steel drums that differ in minor respects from a tested type of drum. The changes proposed by SSCI would allow drums with capacities between twelve and fifty liters to be excepted from re-testing design types found under Sec. 178.601(g)(8). We are proposing to revise Sec. 178.601(g)(8) to include drums with a capacity of 12 liters (3 gallons) or more. However, we do not agree with SSCI that Sec. 178.601(g)(8)(viii) should be changed to allow increased thickness of 1.35 mm before being considered a ``different packaging.'' When a drum's thickness is altered, the properties of the drum are changed, and further testing must be conducted. Therefore, we are not proposing this provision in SSCI's petition. We are proposing to revise Sec. 178.601(k) to authorize a lesser quantity of test samples used in testing of stainless steel drums. PHMSA has issued numerous approvals to manufacturers authorizing the use of fewer than eighteen test samples. We are proposing to add the provisions found in these approvals to Sec. 178.601(k). Section 178.700. We propose to revise the lower volumetric limit for flexible IBCs (FIBCs). In Docket HM-181E (59 FR 38068), published July 26, 1994, we defined ``Body'' as having a lower limit of 450 liters, thus precluding the manufacture of IBCs with a volume of less than 450 L. In reviewing the HMR, we have identified a gap in the allowable packaging specifications for flexible packagings with a capacity between 50 kg and 400 kg. To remedy this gap, we are proposing to allow bags between 50 kg and 400 kg to be manufactured and tested under IBC standards in subparts N and O of part 178. We are currently reviewing the HMR to determine if we should eliminate the lower limit for other IBCs as well. To facilitate this review, we request comments addressing the following questions, to the extent possible, when submitting comments to the NPRM: 1. Is it necessary to address flexible packagings/bags between 50 kg and 450 kg or is there little or no practical application for such packagings? 2. Should we remove the lower limit for all IBC design types? 3. Is it necessary to add further testing requirements for IBCs with a capacity of 450 liters (119 gallons) or less due to difference in the way non-bulk packages are handled in transportation? 4. Are the re-testing provisions for IBCs in part 180 sufficient for a packaging with a capacity less than 450 liters (119 gallons)? Section 178.703. In Sec. 178.503 we are proposing to revise language to authorize small gaps in the United Nations symbol. This would allow stenciling of the symbol. To make this change, it is also necessary to propose amended language to paragraph (a)(1)(i) to authorize stenciling of the United Nations symbol for IBCs. Connelly Containers petitioned PHMSA (P-1356) to change the marking requirements for rigid fiberboard IBCs (11G). Specifically, Connelly Containers requests a change in the wording in Sec. 178.703(a)(iv) to except packagings of type 11G from the requirement to mark the month of manufacture. Connelly Containers states in its petition that non-bulk fiberboard boxes (4G) are only required to mark the year of manufacture while IBCs (11G) must have both month and year marked on the packaging. We are not proposing to adopt such changes. The reuse requirements for IBCs are different than those for non-bulk packagings such as 4G fiberboard boxes. It is necessary for a person who intends to reuse an IBC to know both the month and year of manufacture before refilling the packaging because these markings are used to determine if a retest is due. If a retest is due, the re-filler must retest the packaging prior to filling. Sections 178.705 through 178.710. We are proposing to move the lower limit for IBCs currently in the definition of ``Body'' in Sec. 178.700 to the individual standards in Sec. Sec. 178.705 through 178.710. These are more appropriate sections for the lower limit and will result in better understanding of the individual IBC specifications. In addition, we are proposing to authorize smaller flexible IBCs in Sec. 178.710 by decreasing the limit to 50 kilograms. We are retaining the 400 kilogram lower limit for rigid IBCs; however, as previously stated, we invite your comments on this issue. Section 178.801. In this NPRM, we propose to add new standards for Large Packagings. Therefore, the reference to UN standards for Large Packagings in Sec. 178.801(i) will no longer be necessary to authorize the use of Large Packagings. We propose to remove the third and fourth sentences in paragraph (i) of this section. Section 178.810. We are proposing a second drop test for IBCs with a capacity of 0.45 cubic meters (15.9 cubic feet) or less. In this NPRM, we are proposing to remove the lower limit of 450 liters (119 gallons) and 0.45 cubic meters (15.9 cubic feet) from the specifications for FIBCs. Non-bulk packaging are handled in transportation in a different manner than IBC's. Often loading and unloading of a transport vehicle is performed without the use of a mechanical handling device like a fork lift or hoist. Non-bulk packages are more likely to be dropped while in transportation. Therefore, over the past ten years, when issuing an approval issued in accordance with Sec. 178.801(i) we have imposed an additional drop test for non-bulk capacity IBCs. We propose to incorporate this additional drop test in Sec. 178.810. Section 178.815. We propose to revise Sec. 178.815 by adding a new paragraph (e)(4) to describe the passing criteria for the dynamic compression test. This revision clarifies existing requirements. Section 178.819. We are proposing to revise subparagraphs (b)(1) and (2) to clarify testing provisions and provide additional options when performing the vibration test. In paragraph (b)(1), we would clarify that water is a suitable test filler material for the vibration test. In paragraph (b)(2), we would clarify that a vibrating platform may be used that will produce rotary double-amplitude. Subparts P and Q to Part 178. Under Docket HM-215D (66 FR 33316), published June 21, 2001, we added a provision to authorize Large Packagings under approval from the Associate Administrator to Sec. 178.801. In this NPRM, we are proposing to remove the approval requirement and add two new subparts (P and Q) to part 178 for the design, construction, and testing of Large Packagings. Adding the manufacture, testing and use requirements into the HMR provides additional flexibility and effectively removes the need to apply for an approval to manufacture and use these packagings in the United States. The design, construction and testing requirements are based on the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Thirteenth Revised Edition (2003); Chapter 6.6 Requirements for the Construction and Testing of Large Packagings. The regulatory layout and language is modeled on the current requirements for IBCs and includes: Section 178.900. This section discusses the general purpose and scope of Subpart P. Section 178.902. This section designates Large Packaging codes. For [[Page 52023]] example, ``50'' would designate rigid Large Packagings and ``G'', like other specification packagings, would designate fiberboard. Section 178.903. In this section we are proposing to specify requirements for certification marking of Large Packagings. The Large Packaging certification mark would be comprised of the following elements: the ``UN'' symbol specified in Sec. 178.503(e)(1), code numbers designating the Large Packaging design type, performance level achieved by the package (i.e., Packing Group), month and year of manufacture, country where the packaging was authorized (e.g., USA), name and address or symbol of the manufacturer, stacking test load in kilograms, and maximum permissible gross mass (for flexible Large Packagings, the maximum permissible load in kilograms). The NPRM provides three examples of Large Packaging certification marking. Sections 178.904 through 178.909. Sections 178.904 through 178.909 contain performance standards for Large Packagings. Section 178.1000. This section describes the general purpose and scope of the new Subpart Q. Section 178.1001. In this section, we propose general testing, inspection, and recordkeeping requirements for Large Packagings. We propose to require design qualification testing to be conducted at the start of production of each new or different Large Packaging design type and to require production testing and inspection for each newly manufactured Large Packaging. In addition, Large Packaging manufacturers would be required to keep records for the qualification of each Large Packaging design type and for each periodic design re- qualification. Records would be maintained at each location where a Large Packaging is manufactured and at each location where Large Packaging design qualification and periodic design re-qualification testing is performed. Records would be required to be maintained for as long as Large Packagings are manufactured in accordance with each qualified design type and for at least two years thereafter. Section 178.1002. In this section, we propose requirements for the preparation of Large Packagings for testing. Preparation of packages, as required for non-bulk packagings and IBCs, includes requirements for filling and conditioning of packagings prior to conducting testing. Section 178.1010. This section establishes the drop test requirements for Large Packagings. The test requirements would be similar to those for IBCs and non-bulk packagings in Sec. Sec. 178.603 and 178.810. Large Packagings intended to contain liquids would be required to be filled to at least ninety-eight percent of their capacity, and ninety-five percent for solids, in preparation for the drop test. Rigid Plastic Large Packagings and Large Packagings with plastic inner receptacles would be drop tested when samples and components have been conditioned to -18 [deg]C (0 [deg]F). Samples 
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