{"operation":"document","citation":"80 FR 29263","title":"Pipeline Safety: Plastic Pipe Rule","source_type":"rulemaking","agency":"Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration","status":"proposed","official":true,"published_on":"2015-05-21","effective_on":null,"summary":"PHMSA is proposing to amend the natural and other gas pipeline safety regulations (49 CFR part 192) to address regulatory requirements involving plastic piping systems used in gas services. These proposed amendments are intended to correct errors, address inconsistencies, and respond to petitions for rulemaking. The requirements in several subject matter areas are affected, including incorporation of tracking and traceability provisions; design factor for polyethylene (PE) pipe; more stringent mechanical fitting requirements; updated and additional regulations for risers; expanded use of Polyamide-11 (PA-11) thermoplastic pipe; incorporation of newer Polyamide-12 (PA-12) thermoplastic pipe; and incorporation of updated and additional standards for fittings.","machine_formats":{"json":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/federal-register-2015-12113.json","markdown":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/federal-register-2015-12113.md"},"app_url":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/federal-register-2015-12113","source_url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2015/05/21/2015-12113/pipeline-safety-plastic-pipe-rule","body":"Federal Register, Volume 80 Issue 98 (Thursday, May 21, 2015) [Federal Register Volume 80, Number 98 (Thursday, May 21, 2015)] [Proposed Rules] [Pages 29263-29277] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [ www.gpo.gov ] [FR Doc No: 2015-12113] [[Page 29263]] ======================================================================= ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration 49 CFR Part 192 [Docket No. PHMSA-2014-0098] RIN 2137-AE93 Pipeline Safety: Plastic Pipe Rule AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION: Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM). ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: PHMSA is proposing to amend the natural and other gas pipeline safety regulations (49 CFR part 192) to address regulatory requirements involving plastic piping systems used in gas services. These proposed amendments are intended to correct errors, address inconsistencies, and respond to petitions for rulemaking. The requirements in several subject matter areas are affected, including incorporation of tracking and traceability provisions; design factor for polyethylene (PE) pipe; more stringent mechanical fitting requirements; updated and additional regulations for risers; expanded use of Polyamide-11 (PA-11) thermoplastic pipe; incorporation of newer Polyamide-12 (PA-12) thermoplastic pipe; and incorporation of updated and additional standards for fittings. DATES: Submit comments on or before July 31, 2015. ADDRESSES: Comments should reference Docket No. PHMSA-2014-0098 and may be submitted in the following ways: E-Gov Web site: http://www.regulations.gov . This Web site allows the public to enter comments on any Federal Register notice issued by any agency. Follow the instructions for submitting comments. Fax: 1-202-493-2251. Mail: Docket Management System: U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket Operations, M-30, Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590-0001. Hand Delivery: DOT Docket Management System, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590-0001 between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. Instructions: If you submit your comments by mail, please submit two copies. To receive confirmation that PHMSA received your comments, include a self-addressed stamped postcard. Note: Comments are posted without changes or edits to http://www.regulations.gov , including any personal information provided. There is a privacy statement published on http://www.regulations.gov . Privacy Act Statement In accordance with 5 U.S.C. 553(c), DOT solicits comments from the public to better inform its rulemaking process. DOT posts these comments, without edit, including any personal information the commenter provides, to www.regulations.gov , as described in the system of records notice (DOT/ALL-14 FDMS), which can be reviewed at www.dot.gov/privacy . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: General Information: Cameron Satterthwaite, Transportation Specialist, by telephone at 202-366-1319, or by electronic mail at [email protected] . Technical Questions: Max Kieba, General Engineer, by telephone at 202-493-0595, or by electronic mail at [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background The use and availability of plastic pipe have changed over the years with technological innovations in the products and best practices used in plastic pipe installations. Progress in the design and manufacture of plastic pipe and components has resulted in materials with higher strength characteristics. Manufacturers are instituting new practices related to traceability. Operators are incorporating best practices. Together, these measures have the potential to improve with pipeline safety and integrity. Some of these strides have been highlighted in petitions that are detailed below. The pipeline safety regulations have not stayed current with some of these products; this rulemaking is an effort to propose a number of revisions to incorporate these changes in the interest of pipeline safety. PHMSA has received several rulemaking petitions involving plastic pipe. Copies of these petitions have been placed in the docket (PHMSA- 2014-0098) for this rulemaking in addition to the docket that may have been initially established for the petition. This proposed rule will address the following petitions: American Gas Association (AGA)--(Docket No. PHMSA 2010- 0011)--Petition to increase design factor 0.32 to 0.4 and incorporate updated ASTM D2513 (standard for Polyethylene (PE) pipe). Evonik Industries (Evonik) and UBE Industries (UBE)-- (Docket No. PHMSA 2010-0009)--Petition to allow use of Polyamide (PA- 12) pipe. Arkema--(Docket No. PHMSA 2013-0227)--Petition to allow use of Polyamide (PA-11) pipe at higher pressures. Gas Piping Technology Committee (GPTC)--Petition to allow above-ground, encased plastic pipe for regulator and metering stations. While there has been much progress, both Federal and State inspectors, have noticed some issues related to the installation of plastic pipe that should be addressed in the pipeline safety regulations. In an effort to address these issues, respond to petitions and update the regulations with respect to the products and practices used in plastic pipe system without compromising safety, PHMSA is proposing revisions to the Federal Pipeline Safety Regulations (PSR) in 49 CFR part 192. This focus will limit these proposals to plastic pipelines in gas service and subsequently to new, repaired, and replaced pipes. These issues are addressed and detailed below as follows: A. Tracking and Traceability B. Design Factor for PE C. Expanded use of PA-11 D. Incorporation of PA-12 E. Risers F. Fittings G. Plastic Pipe Installation G.1.--Installation by Trenchless Excavation (Sec. Sec. 192.3, 192.329, and 192.376) G.2.--Joining Plastic Pipe (Sec. 192.281) G.3.--Qualifying Joining Procedures (Sec. 192.283) G.4.--Qualifying Persons To Make Joints (Sec. 192.285) G.5.--Bends (Sec. 192.313) G.6.--Installation of Plastic Pipe (Sec. 192.321) G.7.--Service Lines; General Requirements for Connections to Main Piping (Sec. 192.367) G.8.--Equipment Maintenance; Plastic Pipe Joining (Sec. 192.756) H. Repairs H.1.--Repair of Plastic Pipe--Gouges (Sec. 192.311) H.2.--Leak Repair Clamps (Sec. 192.720) I. General Provisions I.1.--Incorporation by Reference (Sec. 192.7) I.2.--Plastic Pipe Material (Sec. 192.59) I.3.--Plastic Pipe Storage and Handling (Sec. 192.67) I.4.--Gathering Lines (Sec. 192.9) I.5.--Merger of Sections 192.121 and 192.123 I.6.--General Design Requirements for Components (Sec. 192.143) I.7.--General Design Requirements for Valves (Sec. 192.145) [[Page 29264]] I.8.--General Design Requirements for Standard Fittings (Sec. 192.149) I.9.--Test Requirements for Plastic Pipelines (Sec. 192.513) A. Traceability and Tracking In many cases, the lack of adequate traceability for plastic pipe (i.e., appropriate markings that help identify the location of manufacture, lot information, size, material, pressure rating, temperature rating and, as appropriate, type, grade, and model, etc., of the pipe and components) and tracking of pipe location (i.e., a means of identifying the location of pipe and components within the pipeline) prevents operators from having enough information to identify systemic issues related to incidents involving plastic pipe. Further, the lack of this information makes it difficult for operators and regulators to determine whether plastic pipe or component failures are related to a certain type or vintage of material, specific product defect or design, heat/lot of the product, or whether it was produced by a certain manufacturer at a certain time. In addition, the issue can result in excessive pipe excavations due to an inability to locate the affected sections of pipe or fittings when responding to plastic pipe or component manufacturer recalls. In 2001, the National Association of Pipeline Safety Representatives (NAPSR), a non-profit organization of State pipeline safety personnel that promotes pipeline safety in the United States and its territories, also noted this issue in its RESOLUTION NO. 2001-2-SR-2-01 (Resolution SR-2-01). In its Resolution, NAPSR referred to accident investigations where insufficient data regarding the pipe material (i.e., date of manufacture and other relevant information) had proven to be an obstacle in determining the cause or origin of an incident. NAPSR also recognized that existing pipe, fittings, and components often do not maintain their markings for a sufficient period of time to provide useful tracking and traceability information. Therefore, NAPSR requested that PHMSA revise Sec. 192.63 (``Marking of Materials'') to require the marking of all pipe and components to ensure identification for a period of 50 years or the life of the pipeline. NAPSR also expressed the view that the marking of plastic pipe, fittings, and components will benefit the industry and public by allowing the identification of problems and proactively mitigating future problems through such identification. In an effort to address the concerns mentioned above and to address the resolution from NAPSR, PHMSA proposes new requirements for tracking and traceability of plastic pipe and components that extend beyond marking alone. To set the framework for tracking and traceability, PHMSA proposes to revise Sec. 192.3 by adding definitions for ``traceability information'' and ``tracking information.'' It is PHMSA's intent that all operators have methods to identify the location of pipe, the person who joined the pipe, and components within the pipeline (i.e., tracking). PHMSA also proposes that operators be required to identify and document the location of pipe manufacture, production, lot information, size, material, pressure rating, temperature rating, and, as appropriate, other information such as type, grade, and model (i.e., traceability). In order to facilitate compliance, PHMSA proposes to revise Sec. 192.63 to require operators to adopt the tracking and traceability requirements in ASTM F2897-11a, ``Standard Specification for Tracking and Traceability Encoding System of Natural Gas Distribution Components (Pipe, Tubing, Fittings, Valves, and Appurtenances)'' (Standard). Note that the Standard only specifies requirements for information that marks pipe and components with a 16- digit code to help identify characteristics such as manufacturer, material type, lot code, etc. While the Standard gives some examples of the types of markings, such as barcodes, 2D-Data matrix, or a more conventional print line, it does not provide the actual means of marking or affixing the code to the components, the means of reading and transferring the data or codes, and the durability of the markings. In response to the 2001 NAPSR Resolution, PHMSA also proposes to clarify Sec. 192.63 by expressly providing that specification and traceability markings on plastic pipe be legible, visible, and permanent in accordance with the pipe's listed specification. The proposed revisions in Sec. 192.63 also reference the recordkeeping requirements for these markings in Sec. Sec. 192.321(k) and 192.375(d). Section 192.321 applies to the installation of plastic pipe used for transmission lines and mains, and Sec. 192.375 contains requirements for plastic service lines. PHMSA further proposes to add a new paragraph (k) to Sec. 192.321 and a new paragraph (d) to Sec. 192.375 to require operators to maintain tracking and traceability information (as defined in Sec. 192.3) records for the life of the pipeline. PHMSA believes this performance-based approach will allow for the use of other methods and technologies. For instance, during construction or repair, operators may choose to use a Global Positioning System (GPS) in combination with a barcode reader to help mark the location or identify other features of the pipe or component. Other operators without the means to purchase such equipment may choose to collect and store the information manually or electronically. The purpose of these proposed revisions is to enable operators to accurately locate and quickly identify the installed pipe and components in their systems when handling recalls and conducting failure investigations. The revisions also support the requirements in the distribution integrity management programs for capturing and retaining certain information on new pipelines for the life of the lines (Sec. 192.1007(a)(5)). In addition, the proposed requirement would also support the current plastic pipe-joiner qualification requirements in Sec. 192.285. B. Design Factor of PE PHMSA received petitions from the American Gas Association (AGA) and the Gas Piping Technology Committee (GPTC) to increase the design factor for PE pipe from 0.32 to 0.40 in Sec. 192.121. The allowable design pressure for plastic is based on a number of factors, including the stress rating of the material (interpolated from a Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB) rating), wall thickness and diameter or standard dimension ratio (SDR), and design factor. The allowable design factor is currently 0.32 for plastics. The exception to this design factor limitation applies to Polyamide-11 pipe (PA-11) produced after January 23, 2009, meeting certain conditions, which would allow the design factor to increase to 0.40. The petitions to allow for a 0.40 design factor for PE pipe are based on research and technical justifications performed by the Gas Technology Institute (GTI) and include certain limitations by type of material and wall thickness. Since design pressure for plastic pipe is based on a number of variables, including design factor and wall thickness, an increase in design factor would allow for the use of PE pipe with smaller wall thicknesses while limited to the allowable pressures determined in Sec. 192.121 if the pipe is made from higher quality material and meets other limitations mentioned in the petitions. Furthermore, a design factor of 0.40 is already allowed in Sec. 192.121 for PA-11 pipe with certain limitations. Upon review, PHMSA proposes to adopt this provision into the PSR. The details of the proposal are [[Page 29265]] specified below under ``G. Plastic Pipe Installation.'' C. Expanded Use of PA-11 Polyamide-11, also referred to as Nylon 11, is a relatively newer type of plastic material with a different structure (nylon- or amide- based) compared to other common plastic materials in use such as Polyethylene (ethylene-based). Similar to PE materials with different types, names, or material designation codes such as PE3408 and PE4710, Polyamides or Nylon materials have different types such as PA-6 or Nylon 6, or relatively newer types discussed in this rulemaking like PA-11 or PA-12, with material designation codes such as PA32312 or PA32316. There are a number of differences amongst the kinds of plastics and pros and cons for each, but, at a high level, Polyamides such as PA-11 have a higher strength or hydrostatic design basis (HDB) rating compared to PE materials. The HDB is a reflection of a plastic pipe's ability to resist internal pressure over long periods of time. The Hydrostatic Stress Board of the Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) recommends and lists a HDB for a plastic pipe material based on testing of the material using the industry accepted test methods published by ASTM International. As a result of a higher HDB rating, materials like PA-11 can typically be designed and operated at higher pressures. On December 24, 2008 (73 FR 79005), PHMSA issued a final rule to allow the use of a new thermoplastic pipe made from Polyamide-11 (PA-11) with certain limitations for pressure (up to 200 psig), diameter (up to 4- inch nominal pipe size), and an SDR of 11 and below (i.e., thicker wall pipe). This final rule was in response to a petition from Arkema, a manufacturer of PA-11 pipe. On November 11, 2013, Arkema, the sole current producer of PA-11, sent a petition (Docket No. PHMSA-2013-0262) to PHMSA to allow PA-11 to be used for pressures up to 250 psig and pipe diameters up to 6-inch nominal pipe size, with limitations on wall thickness depending on diameter. Arkema is also petitioning PHMSA to allow for arithmetic interpolation in the allowable pressure equation for PA-11 pipe by removing the note in Sec. 192.121 that currently does not allow arithmetic interpolation for PA-11 pipe. Arkema further petitioned PHMSA to incorporate the following standards related to PA- 11: ASTM F2945-12a, Standard Specification for (PA-11) Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing and Fittings; ASTM/ANSI F2600-09, Standard Specification for Electrofusion Type PA-11 Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled PA-11 Pipe and Tubing; ASTM/ANSI F1973-13, Standard Specification for Factory Assembled Anodeless Risers and Transition Fittings in PE and PA-11 and PA-12 Fuel Gas Distribution Systems; ASTM/ANSI F2145-13, Standard Specification for PA-11 and PA-12 Mechanical Fittings for Use on Outside Diameter Controlled PA-11 and PA-12 Pipe and Tubing; ASTM/ANSI F1948-12, Standard Specification for Metallic Mechanical Fittings for Use on Outside Diameter Controlled Thermoplastic Gas Distribution Pipe and Tubing; and ASME/ANSI B16.40-08, Manually Operated Thermoplastic Gas Shutoffs and Valves in Gas Distribution Systems. As justification for its petition, Arkema points to the many years of testing and evaluation of PA-11 at operating pressures greater than 100 psig on projects under special permit and non-DOT jurisdictional pipelines that date back to 1999. Arkema also references the successful implementation of Sec. 192.123(f), which allows for the use of PA-11 produced after January 23, 2009, at design pressures up to 200 psig under certain conditions. Although Arkema did not reference any projects that utilize PA-11 between 200 and 250 psig, Arkema believes an increase in allowable pressures up to 250 psig is justified through interpolation of a Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB) of 3,150 psi for PA- 11, as listed in Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) TR4 (previous code limitations were based on an HDB of 2,500 psi for PA-11). PHMSA agrees with Arkema's rationale of using the interpolation of the HDB listings for PA-11 to substantiate design pressures up to 250 psig. HDB listings are established in accordance with PPI TR-3, ``Policies and Procedures for Developing Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB), Strength Design Basis (SDB), Pressure Design Basis (PDB) or Minimum Required Strength (MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Materials or Pipe,'' which is incorporated by reference in Sec. 192.7. As detailed in Sec. 192.121, the design pressure (P) can be calculated by the equation P = (2S/(SDR - 1)) x (DF), where S is the HDB rating, SDR is the standard dimension ratio (the ratio of the average specified outside diameter to wall thickness), and DF is the design factor. If an HDB rating of 2,500 psi (basis for current limitation using previous vintage PA-11 pipe with material designation code PA32312) is used along with an SDR of 11 (a common value for mid-range pipe diameters) and a DF of 0.4 (which is currently allowed for PA-11), the resulting design pressure (P) would equal 200 psi, which is the current maximum allowable design pressure for PA-11 in part 192. If the HDB is changed to 3,150 psi (newer vintage PA-11 pipe with material designation code PA32316), and both the SDR and DF remain the same, the resulting design pressure would equal 252 psi, rounded down to 250 psi for a maximum allowable design pressure. Therefore, PHMSA proposes to revise the PSR to allow PA-11 pipe (PA32316) for pressures up to 250 psi, diameters up to 6 inches, and additional limitations on wall thickness as listed in the petition. PHMSA also proposes to specify that both PA32312 and PA32316 can be used for pressures up to 200 psi. Regarding standards relevant to PA-11 that Arkema petitioned to be incorporated by reference, PHMSA proposes to incorporate them as requested. Incorporating these newer standards specific to PA-11 will also allow PHMSA to phase out older standards incorporated by reference like ASTM D2513-87 and ASTM D2513-99, which covered multiple plastic materials including PA, PE, and others, up until ASTM D2513-09a when it became a PE-only standard. Another rulemaking by PHMSA incorporated ASTM D2513- 09a for PE but continued to reference ASTM D2513-87 and ASTM D2513-99 for plastics other than PE while these other product specific standards were being developed. Having multiple versions of the same standard in this interim period has created some confusion. D. Incorporation of PA-12 On January 6, 2011, PA-12 pipe manufacturers (Evonik and UBE; Petitioners) submitted a petition to amend the PSR to allow the use of PA-12 pipe. Specifically, Evonik and UBE petitioned (Docket No. PHMSA- 2010-0009) PHMSA to revise Sec. Sec. 192.121 and 192.123 to: Allow for the use of PA-12 piping systems with a 0.40 design factor; Include maximum design pressure limitations for PA-12 piping systems of 250 psig; Allow a nominal pipe size of 6-inch diameters or less; Allow a minimum wall thickness of at least 0.90 inches, with additional limitations on the wall thickness, depending on diameter; Require unplasticized material; Limit PA-12 pipe materials to those specified in ASTM F2785; and Require PA-12 to comply with the rest of the part 192 requirements related [[Page 29266]] to joining, pressure testing, and appurtenances, as detailed in Sec. Sec. 192.281, 192.283, 192.285, and 192.513. In their petition, Evonik and UBE state that PA-12 material has been tested more than any other pipe material prior to its use and approval. The Petitioners also stated that the results ``amply validated'' the overall strength and durability of the PA-12 material and piping systems against known threats and failure mechanisms. Evonik and UBE noted in their petition that PA-12 has been granted for use under a special permit in the States of Montana and Mississippi. The petitioners also noted the development of a performance-based standard (ASTM F2785-09) for PA-12. The petitioners assert that this standard contains comprehensive performance-based requirements that would ensure the safe long-term performance of PA-12 pipe, tubing, and fittings. Upon review of the petition, PHMSA proposes to revise the PSR to allow the use of PA-12 pipe at pressures up to 250 psig for pipe up to 6 inches in diameter, and to impose additional limitations on wall thickness as listed in the petition. These limitations would also be consistent with the PA-11 consideration described above. PHMSA also proposes to incorporate by reference ASTM F2785-12, ``Standard Specification for Polyamide 12 Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings,'' along with other standards applicable to both PA-11 and PA- 12 that are described immediately above in the section related to PA-11 considerations and the PA-11 petition. E. Risers In general, a pipeline riser is a vertical pipe that connects buried pipe to an aboveground component, such as a meter. In many cases, the riser is a transitional component that attaches a buried plastic pipe to a metal or a metal-encased plastic pipe (anodeless riser), which is connected to a gas meter. While risers are most commonly found connecting service lines to meter sets, risers are also used within distribution mains and transmission systems when entering or exiting small regulator stations or whenever a transition between buried and unburied pipe is necessary. The PSR do not contain specific design, construction, or installation requirements for risers. In 2014, the GPTC petitioned PHMSA to allow above-ground, encased plastic pipe at the inlet and outlet of regulator and metering stations if (1) the above-ground level part of the plastic pipe is protected against deterioration and external damage; (2) the plastic pipe is not used to support external loads; and (3) the plastic pipe is not allowed to exceed the pipe temperature limits at Sec. 192.123. Therefore, PHMSA proposes specific requirements for the design (Sec. 192.204) and construction of risers (Sec. Sec. 192.321(j) and 192.375(a)(2)) associated with plastic pipe. Further, PHMSA proposes to incorporate by reference ASTM F1973, ``Standard Specification for Factory Assembled Anodeless Risers and Transition Fittings in Polyethylene (PE) and Polyamide 11 (PA11) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) Fuel Gas Distribution Systems'' in these new sections. ASTM F1973 addresses various issues such as the removal of burrs on metal components prior to the insertion of plastic pipe and other riser assembly provisions. F. Fittings PHMSA and others (e.g., NTSB and certain States) have observed problems with mechanical fittings or joints becoming loose or pipe being pulled out from fittings, leading to leaks and, in certain cases, incidents. Failures can occur when there is inadequate restraint for the potential stresses on the two fitted pipes, when the couplings are incorrectly installed or supported, or when the coupling components (e.g., elastomers) degrade over time. More details on these issues are available in PHMSA Advisory Bulletin ADB-08-02, issued in March 2008, titled ``Pipeline Safety: Issues Related to Mechanical Couplings Used in Natural Gas Distribution Systems.'' Therefore, PHMSA is proposing the incorporation of a requirement to use only mechanical fittings or joints that are designed and tested to provide a seal plus resistance to lateral forces so that a large force on the connection would cause the pipe to yield before the joint does. More specifically, ASTM D2513, currently incorporated by reference in part 192, provides categorizations for the different mechanical joints, including ``[s]eal plus resistance to a force on the pipe end equal to or greater than that which will cause permanent deformation of the pipe'' (Category 1), seal only (Category 2), and seal plus pipe restraint to account for thermal stresses (Category 3). The Category 1 joint is generally considered the most stringent of the three categories. ASTM D2513 is now a polyethylene-only standard, but other standards being proposed for incorporation in this NPRM and that are applicable to other materials, (i.e., ASTM F1924, ASTM F1948, and ASTM F1973) have Category 1 definitions. The definitions in each of these standards are slightly different in language but are still consistent with each other and the performance language in ASTM D2513. Some of these standards also point back to ASTM D2513 for PE-specific considerations. The regulation, as proposed, would require mechanical fittings, joints, or connections to provide a Category 1 joint as defined in ASTM F1924, ASTM F1948, and ASTM F1973 for the applicable material. In an effort to have consistency in language given the slightly different definitions in the various standards, PHMSA is proposing ``a seal plus resistance to a force on the pipe joint equal to or greater than that which will cause no less than 25% elongation of pipe, or the pipe fails outside the joint area if tested in accordance with the applicable standard.'' These revisions for Category 1 apply in sections such as Sec. 192.281(e) for plastic pipe joining and Sec. 192.367 for service lines and connections to main piping and are described in further detail elsewhere in this document. In light of the proposed revisions of the PA-11 and PE regulations, and the introduction of PA-12, PHMSA proposes to also consider recently developed standards for incorporation by reference that further enhance pipeline safety in order to address potential safety risks. These proposed standards to be incorporated by reference are listed in ``Section I. General Provisions.'' Electrically Isolated Metal Alloy Fittings in Plastic Pipe (Section 192.455) Section 192.455 details external corrosion control requirements for buried or submerged pipe installed after July 31, 1971. Paragraph (a) currently requires such pipelines to have external protective coatings meeting the requirements of Sec. 192.461 and a cathodic protection system placed in operation within 1 year after construction is completed. However, paragraph (a) contains certain exceptions. One is detailed in paragraph (f) and applies to electrically isolated, metal alloy fittings in plastic pipelines where an operator can show by test, investigation, or experience in the area of application, that adequate corrosion control is provided by the alloy composition, and the fitting is designed to prevent leakage caused by corrosion pitting. For those fittings that do not meet the requirements of paragraph (f), cathodic protection and cathodic protection monitoring is required. PHMSA proposes to add a new paragraph (g) to require such fittings used within plastic pipelines be cathodically protected and monitored in [[Page 29267]] accordance with Sec. Sec. 192.455 and 192.465(a). G. Plastic Pipe Installation PHMSA is proposing several revisions with regard to the installation of plastic pipe, organized topically as follows: G.1.--Installation by Trenchless Excavation (Sections 192.3, 192.329 and 192.376) The PSR do not contain detailed requirements for the installation of plastic pipe by trenchless excavation. PHMSA and the States are aware of a number of incidents related to cross-boring, where plastic pipe installed via trenchless excavation (e.g., directional drilling) has come in contact with or been installed right through another underground utility such as a sewer line. In an effort to improve pipeline and public safety and implement a consistent approach to this method of installation while considering industry best practices in use today, PHMSA proposes to add new Sec. Sec. 192.329 and 192.376 to detail some basic requirements. These proposals include requiring each operator to ensure that the path of the excavation will provide sufficient clearance for installation and maintenance activities from other underground utilities and structures. Additionally, PHMSA proposes to require plastic pipe and components that are pulled through the ground to incorporate the use of a ``weak link.'' PHMSA is proposing the definition of ``weak link'' in Sec. 192.3. A weak link is used to prevent damage to the pipeline that could be caused by excessive forces during the pulling process. G.2.--Joining Plastic Pipe (Section 192.281) Section 192.281 details the requirements for joining plastic pipe. In an effort to reduce confusion and promote safety, PHMSA is proposing several revisions to Sec. 192.281. Section 192.281(b) contains requirements for solvent cement joints. PHMSA proposes to revise Sec. 192.281(b)(2) to specify that the solvent cement requirements in ASTM D2564-12 apply only to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. This is a clarifying revision, since PVC is the only material that is allowed by PSR to be joined by solvent cement. Section 192.281(c) contains requirements for heat-fusion joints. Currently, these requirements refer to only the ``pipe'' that is being joined. PHMSA proposes to clarify paragraph (c) to specify that the joining requirements apply to both the pipe and the components that are joined to the pipe. Section 192.281(e) contains requirements for mechanical joints but does not clearly list specific standards for the requirements. This has led to some inconsistencies in practices used, or the requirements were incorporated indirectly via another referenced standard and were not always clear. PHMSA proposes to add a new paragraph (e)(3) to require that each fitting used to make a mechanical joint meets a listed specification. With this requirement, PHMSA hopes to make it clearer that fittings and joints must meet a standard specification listed in the code. The standards that would apply are among the ``Other Listed Specifications for Components'' that are being proposed through revisions to Appendix B and described in more detail elsewhere in this document. G.3.--Qualifying Joining Procedures (Section 192.283) Section 192.283 details the requirements for qualifying plastic pipe joining procedures. Currently, Sec. 192.283(a) specifies that heat fusion joints for thermoplastic pipe must be tested in accordance with ASTM D2513-99 for plastics other than polyethylene or with ASTM D2513-09a for polyethylene plastic materials. In this proposed rule, PHMSA is proposing to incorporate a newer version of ASTM D2513 for PE- only materials and incorporate standards applicable to other types of thermoplastic pipe (i.e., PA-11, and PA-12). Therefore, PHMSA proposes to revise Sec. 192.283(a) to refer operators to the appropriate listed specification. Listed specifications are detailed in Appendix B to Part 192. PHMSA also proposes to remove the current Sec. 192.283(d), which allows the use of pipe or fittings manufactured before July 1, 1980, if they are joined in accordance with procedures that the manufacturer certifies will produce a joint as strong as the pipe. As a number of advancements have been made in standards related to pipe and fittings since 1980, the use of newer materials manufactured in accordance with more current standards should be encouraged. Pipe and fittings that are newly installed, repaired, or replaced after the effective date of the rule will be required to meet newer standards. This proposed revision would not preclude the use of pipe or fittings manufactured prior to July 1, 1980, which were already installed prior to the effective date of the rule. G.4.--Qualifying Persons To Make Joints (Section 192.285) Section 192.285 details the requirements for qualifying persons to make joints. PHMSA proposes to revise Sec. 192.285 to incorporate several revisions. Section 192.285(a)(2) currently specifies that a person must make a specimen joint that is subjected to the testing detailed in Sec. 192.285(b). PHMSA proposes to remove the testing details in Sec. 192.285(b) and reference ASTM F2620-12 (Standard Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings). PHMSA also proposes to require operators to maintain records detailing the location of each joint and the person who made the joint. G.5.--Bends (Section 192.313) Section 192.313 details requirements for bends and elbows, but currently only for steel pipe. To address bends in plastic pipe, PHMSA proposes to add a paragraph (d) to specify that installed plastic pipe may not contain bends that exceed the maximum radius specified by the manufacturer for the diameter of the pipe. G.6.--Installation of Plastic Pipe (Section 192.321) Section 192.321 details requirements for the installation of plastic pipe transmission lines and mains. PHMSA is proposing several revisions to this section. Currently, Sec. 192.321(d) specifies that non-encased thermoplastic pipe must have a minimum wall thickness of 0.090 inches, except for pipe with an outside diameter of 0.875 inches or less, which must have a minimum wall thickness of 0.062 inches. PHMSA proposes to require all plastic pipe to have a minimum wall thickness of 0.090 inches. Section 192.321(f) specifies that plastic pipe being encased must be inserted into the casing pipe in a manner that will protect the plastic, and that the leading edge of the inserted pipe must be closed before insertion. PHMSA proposes to specify that the plastic pipe must be protected from damage at both the entrance and exit of the casing during the installation process. Section 192.321(h) specifies requirements for plastic pipe installed on bridges. Paragraph (h)(3) contains a reference to Sec. 192.123. Based on the proposed merging of Sec. 192.123 into Sec. 192.121, PHMSA proposes to revise paragraph (h)(3) to replace the currently referenced Sec. 192.123 with Sec. 192.121. Although part 192 contains some requirements for backfill materials, [[Page 29268]] there are no explicit requirements for backfill material used in the installation of plastic pipe. PHMSA recognizes that plastic pipe subjected to improper backfill materials or practices could be at risk to damage that could impact pipeline integrity. In line with best practices in use today, PHMSA proposes to add a new paragraph (i) to Sec. 192.321 and a new paragraph (c) to Sec. 192.375 to include specific provisions for backfill material for plastic pipe. These provisions would specify that backfill material not include materials that could be detrimental to the pipe, such as rocks of a size exceeding those established through sound engineering practices. The provisions would also require the ground to be properly compacted underneath, along the sides, and for a predetermined distance above the installed pipe. PHMSA understands that there are applications that may require plastic mains to terminate aboveground for permanent installations. Currently, Sec. 192.321 does not address plastic mains which terminate above ground. Therefore, PHMSA proposes a new paragraph (j) to allow for the aboveground level termination of plastic mains under certain conditions. G.7.--Service Lines; General Requirements for Connections to Main Piping (Section 192.367) Section 192.367(b) specifies requirements for compression-type connections to a main. As described further in the Fittings section above, PHMSA and others (e.g., NTSB and certain States) have observed problems with mechanical fittings or joints becoming loose or pipe being pulled out from fittings, leading to leaks and, in certain cases, incidents. Similar to revisions being proposed in Sec. 192.281(e) related to plastic pipe joining, PHMSA is proposing the incorporation of a requirement that connections are a Category 1 joint per applicable standards for different plastic materials, which is generally considered the most stringent of the three categories. PHMSA proposes to add a new paragraph (b)(3) to require mechanical connections on plastic pipe to be a Category 1 connection as defined by ASTM F1924, ASTM F1948, or ASTM F1973 for the applicable material, providing a seal plus resistance to a force on the pipe joint equal to or greater than that which will cause no less than 25% elongation of pipe, or the pipe fails outside the joint area if tested in accordance with the applicable standard. G.8.--Equipment Maintenance; Plastic Pipe Joining (Section 192.756) Due to the difficulty in assessing the quality of field joints, it is very important for operators to use properly calibrated and maintained equipment. Currently, the PSR do not contain detailed minimum provisions for maintaining equipment used in joining plastic pipe. Therefore, PHMSA proposes to add a new Sec. 192.756 to include such requirements. These provisions would require each operator to maintain the applicable equipment, including measuring devices for joining plastic pipe, in accordance with the manufacturers' recommended practices or alternative procedures that have been proven by testing and experience. Operators would also be required to calibrate and test such equipment and devices and maintain records that substantiate these calibrations and tests. The equipment subject to these requirements would include, but not be limited to, fusion equipment, alignment equipment, facing and adaptor equipment, heater plates, and gauging devices. PHMSA proposes that records of all tests and calibrations, except those that might occur through daily verifications and adjustments, be maintained for the life of the pipeline. H. Repairs H.1.--Repair of Plastic Pipe (Gouges) Section 192.311 currently specifies that, for plastic pipe, each imperfection or damage that would impair the serviceability of plastic pipe must be repaired or removed. For consistency with industry best practices, PHMSA proposes to include a requirement for all plastic pipe and or components to be ","truncated":true,"body_characters":100154}