{"operation":"document","citation":"ERG 2024, Improvised Explosive Device Safe Stand-Off Distances","title":"Improvised Explosive Device Safe Stand-Off Distances","source_type":"guidance","agency":"U.S. DOT / Transport Canada / SICT","status":"guidance","official":true,"published_on":"2024-04-04","effective_on":null,"summary":"Official ERG2024 improvised explosive device safe stand-off distances guidance, pages 369-370.","machine_formats":{"json":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-erg-2024-ied.json","markdown":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-erg-2024-ied.md"},"app_url":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-erg-2024-ied","source_url":"https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/2024-04/ERG2024-Eng-Web-a.pdf#page=369","body":"High Explosives (TNT Equivalent)\nBriefcase/Suitcase\n23 kg\n50 lbs\n46 m\n150 ft\n47 - 563 m\n151 - 1,849 ft\n564+ m\n1,850+ ft\nCar\n227 kg\n500 lbs\n98 m\n320 ft\n99 - 579 m\n321 - 1,899 ft\n580+ m\n1,900+ ft\nSUV/Van\n454 kg\n1,000 lbs\n122 m\n400 ft\n123 - 731 m\n401 - 2,399 ft\n732+ m\n2,400+ ft\nSmall Delivery Truck\n1,814 kg\n4,000 lbs\n195 m\n640 ft\n196 - 1,158 m\n641 - 3,799 ft\n1,159+ m\n3,800+ ft\nContainer/Water Truck\n4,536 kg\n10,000 lbs\n263 m\n860 ft\n264 - 1,554 m\n861 - 5,099 ft\n1,555+ m\n5,100+ ft\nSemi-Trailer\n27,216 kg\n60,000 lbs\n475 m\n1,570 ft\n476 - 2,834 m\n1,571 - 9,299 ft\n2,835+ m\n9,300+ ft\nBased on the maximum amount of material that could reasonably fit into a container or vehicle. Variations possible.\nGoverned by the ability of an unreinforced building to withstand severe damage or collapse.\nGoverned by the greater of fragment throw distance or glass breakage/falling glass hazard distance. These distances can be reduced for personnel wearing ballistic protection.\nNote that the pipe bomb, suicide bomb, and briefcase/suitcase bomb are assumed to have a fragmentation characteristic that requires greater stand-off distances than an equal\namount of explosives in a vehicle.\nPage 367\n1\n2\n3\nImprovised Explosive Device (IED)\nImprovised Explosive Device (IED)\nSAFE STAND-OFF DISTANCE\nSAFE STAND-OFF DISTANCE\nThreat Description Shelter-in-Place Zone\nExplosives Capacity1 Mandatory\nEvacuation Distance2\nPreferred\nEvacuation Distance3\nPipe Bomb\n2.3 kg\n5 lbs\n21 m\n70 ft\n22 - 365 m\n71 - 1,199 ft\n366+ m\n1,200+ ft\nSuicide Bomber\n9 kg\n20 lbs\n34 m\n110 ft\n35 - 518 m\n111 - 1,699 ft\n519+ m\n1,700+ ft\n\nPage 368\n1\n2\n3\n4\nImprovised Explosive Device (IED)\nImprovised Explosive Device (IED)\nSAFE STAND-OFF DISTANCE\nSAFE STAND-OFF DISTANCE\nLPG Mass / Volume1\nThreat Description Fireball Diameter2\nSafe Distance3, 4\nSmall LPG Tank\n9 kg / 19 L\n20 lbs / 5 gal\n12 m\n40 ft\n48 m\n160 ft\nLPG - Butane or Propane\nLarge LPG Tank\n45 kg / 95 L\n100 lbs / 25 gal\n21 m\n69 ft\n84 m\n276 ft\nCommercial/Residential LPG Tank\n907 kg / 1,893 L\n2,000 lbs / 500 gal\n56 m\n184 ft\n224 m\n736 ft\nSmall LPG Truck\n3,630 kg / 7,570 L\n8,000 lbs / 2,000 gal\n89 m\n292 ft\n356 m\n1,168 ft\nSemitanker LPG\n18,144 kg / 37,850 L\n40,000 lbs / 10,000 gal\n152 m\n499 ft\n608 m\n1,996 ft\nBased on the maximum amount of LPG that could reasonably fit into a container or vehicle. Variations possible.\nAssuming efficient mixing of the flammable gas with ambient air.\nDetermined by U.S. firefighting practices wherein safe distances are approximately 4 times the flame height.\nThis table is for a loaded LPG tank with explosives on the exterior. Note that an LPG tank filled with high explosives would require a significantly greater stand-off distance than\nif it were filled with LPG.","truncated":false,"body_characters":2709}