{"operation":"document","citation":"PHMSA Guidance, ERG2020 (English)","title":"ERG2020 (English)","source_type":"guidance","agency":"Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration","status":"guidance","official":true,"published_on":"2016-09-01","effective_on":"2016-09-01","summary":"ERG2020 (English) Document ERG2020-WEB.pdf (3.27 MB) A guidebook intended for use by first responders during the initial phase of a transportation incident involving dangerous goods/hazardous materials. Issued Date: Thursday, September 1, 2016","machine_formats":{"json":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-guidance-erg2020-english-550957e7.json","markdown":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-guidance-erg2020-english-550957e7.md"},"app_url":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-guidance-erg2020-english-550957e7","source_url":"https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/training/hazmat/erg/erg2020-english","body":"ERG2020 (English)\n\nDocument\n\n ERG2020-WEB.pdf (3.27 MB)\n\n        A guidebook intended for use by first responders during the initial phase of a transportation incident involving dangerous goods/hazardous materials.\n\n          Issued Date: Thursday, September 1, 2016\n\n<<<PAGE 1>>>\n\nA guidebook intended for use by first responders\nduring the initial phase of a transportation incident\ninvolving hazardous materials/dangerous goods\n2020\nEMERGENCY RESPONSE\nGUIDEBOOK\n\n<<<PAGE 2>>>\n\nSHIPPING PAPERS (DOCUMENTS)\nFor the purpose of this guidebook, shipping documents and shipping papers are synonymous.\nShipping papers provide vital information regarding the hazardous materials/dangerous goods to\ninitiate protective actions. A consolidated version of the information found on shipping papers may\nbe found as follows:\n•\nRoad – kept in the cab of a motor vehicle\n•\nRail – kept in possession of a crew member\n•\nAviation – kept in possession of the pilot or aircraft employees\n•\nMarine – kept in a holder on the bridge of a vessel\nInformation provided:\n•\n4-digit identification number, UN or NA (go to yellow pages)\n•\nProper shipping name (go to blue pages)\n•\nHazard class or division number of material\n•\nPacking group\n•\nEmergency response telephone number\n•\nInformation describing the hazards of the material (entered on or attached to the shipping\npaper)*\nEMERGENCY CONTACT\n1-000-000-0000\nEXAMPLE OF EMERGENCY\nCONTACT TELEPHONE NUMBER\nCONTRACT #: XX-XXXX-X **\nHAZARD CLASS\nOR DIVISION NO.\nQUANTITY\nNO. & TYPE\nOF PACKAGES\nUN1219 ISOPROPANOL 12 000 LITERS\n3 II\n1 TANKTRUCK\nID NUMBER SHIPPING NAME PACKING GROUP\nEXAMPLE OF PLACARD AND PANEL WITH ID NUMBER\nThe 4-digit ID Number may be shown on the diamond-shaped placard or on an adjacent orange\npanel displayed on the ends and sides of a cargo tank, vehicle or rail car.\nA Numbered\nPlacard OR\nA Placard\nand an\nOrange Panel\n*\n**\nIn the United States, this requirement may be satisfied by attaching a guide from the ERG2020 to the shipping paper, or by having\nthe entire guidebook available for reference.\nIn the United States, a registration or contract number may be required on a shipping paper.\n\n<<<PAGE 3>>>\n\nHOW TO USE THIS GUIDEBOOK\nHOW TO USE THIS GUIDEBOOK\nRESIST RUSHING IN!\nAPPROACH INCIDENT FROM UPWIND, AND UPHILL AND/OR UPSTREAM\nSTAY CLEAR OF ALL SPILLS, VAPORS, FUMES, SMOKE, AND POTENTIAL HAZARDS\nWARNING: DO NOT USE THIS FLOWCHART if more than one hazardous material/dangerous\ngood is involved. Immediately call the appropriate emergency response agency telephone number\nlisted on the inside back cover of this guidebook.\nYES\nDo you see\nan explosive\nplacard or\nlabel?\nFor Divisions 1 .1, 1 .2, 1 .3, or 1 .5 For Divisions 1 .4 or 1 .6 Use GUIDE 112\nUse GUIDE 114\nNO\nDo you know\nthe UN/NA\nID number?\nNO Do you know\nthe name of\nthe material?\nNO Do you see\na placard or\nlabel?\nNO\nDo you see\na railcar or\nroad trailer?\nNO\nUse\nGUIDE\n111\nYES YES YES YES\nSearch for the\nID number\nin the\nY ellow Pages\nSearch for the\nmaterial in the\nBlue Pages\nRefer to\nPages 8-9\nRefer to\nPages 10-14\nDetermine the Guide Number\nIf the Guide Number has a “P”\nnext to it, the material may suffer\na violent polymerization\nIs the material\nhighlighted in\ngreen?\nNO Use the appropriate\nOrange Guide\nYES\nYES\nNO\nUSE the appropriate\nOrange Guide for\nEVACUATION distances, THEN\nUSE TABLE 1 for\nisolation and protective\naction distances, AND\nPROTECT in downwind\ndirection according to T ABLE 1\nfor residual material release\nCONSULT the appropriate\nOrange Guide\nIf product includes the reference (when spilled in water),\nconsult T ABLE 2 for a list of the generated gases (for information\npurposes only), AND do not use water as extinguishing agent.\nBEFORE AN EMERGENCY - BECOME FAMILIAR WITH THIS GUIDEBOOK!\nFirst responders must be trained in the use of this guidebook.\nPage 1\n\n<<<PAGE 4>>>\n\nLOCAL EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS\nPlease populate this page with emergency telephone numbers\nfor local assistance:\nHAZMAT CONTRACTORS\nRAIL COMPANIES\nFEDERAL/STATE/PROVINCIAL AGENCIES\nOTHERS\nPage 2\n\n<<<PAGE 5>>>\n\nTABLE OF CONTENTS\nShipping Papers (Documents).  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Inside front cover\nHow to Use this Guidebook.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 1\nLocal Emergency Telephone Numbers. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 2\nSafety Precautions. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 4\nNotification and Request for Technical Information.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 5\nHazard Classification System. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 6\nIntroduction to the Table of Markings, Labels And Placards. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 7\nTable of Markings, Labels, and Placards and Initial Response Guide to Use On-scene. . 8\nRail Car Identification Chart.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 10\nRoad Trailer Identification Chart. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 12\nGlobally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). .  .  .  .  . 16\nHazard Identification Numbers Displayed On Some Intermodal Containers.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 18\nPipeline Transportation. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 22\nID Number Index (yellow pages). .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 28\nName of Material Index (blue pages). .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 92\nGuides (orange pages). .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 156\nIntroduction to Green Tables.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 286\nProtective Actions. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 289\nProtective Action Decision Factors to Consider. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 291\nBackground on Table 1 – Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 292\nTable 1 – Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 294\nTable 2 – Water-Reactive Materials That Produce Toxic Gases.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 344\nTable 3 – Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Large Spills\nfor Different Quantities of Six Common TIH (PIH in the US) Gases. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . ERG2020 User’s Guide.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Protective Clothing. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Decontamination. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Fire and Spill Control.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . BLEVE and Heat Induced Tear. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . BLEVE – Safety Precautions.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Criminal or Terrorist Use of Chemical, Biological and Radiological Agents. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Safe Stand-Off Distance. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Glossary. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Publication Data. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . Canada and United States National Response Centers. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 24-Hour Emergency Response Telephone Numbers. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 350\n354\n360\n362\n363\n365\n366\n368\n373\n375\n386\n389\n392\nPage 3\n\n<<<PAGE 6>>>\n\nSAFETY PRECAUTIONS\nRESIST RUSHING IN!\nAPPROACH CAUTIOUSLY FROM UPWIND, UPHILL AND/OR UPSTREAM:\n•\nStay clear of Vapor, Fumes, Smoke and Spills.\n•\nKeep vehicle at a safe distance from the scene.\nSECURE THE SCENE:\n•\nIsolate the area and protect yourself and others.\nIDENTIFY THE HAZARDS USING ANY OF THE FOLLOWING:\n•\nPlacards\n•\nContainer labels\n•\nShipping papers\n•\nRail Car and Road Trailer Identification Chart\n•\nSafety Data Sheets (SDS)\n•\nKnowledge of persons on scene\n•\nConsult applicable guide page\nASSESS THE SITUATION:\n•\nIs there a fire, a spill or a leak?\n•\nWhat are the weather conditions?\n•\nWhat is the terrain like?\n•\nWho/what is at risk: people, property or the environment?\n•\nWhat actions should be taken – evacuation, shelter-in-place or dike?\n•\nWhat resources (human and equipment) are required?\n•\nWhat can be done immediately?\nOBTAIN HELP:\n•\nAdvise your headquarters to notify responsible agencies and call for assistance from\nqualified personnel.\nRESPOND:\n•\nEnter only when wearing appropriate protective gear.\n•\nRescue attempts and protecting property must be weighed against you becoming\npart of the problem.\n•\nEstablish a command post and lines of communication.\n•\nContinually reassess the situation and modify response accordingly.\n•\nConsider safety of people in the immediate area first, including your own safety.\nABOVE ALL: Do not assume that gases or vapors are harmless because of lack of a\nsmell – odorless gases or vapors may be harmful. Use CAUTION when handling empty\ncontainers because they may still present hazards until they are cleaned and purged of\nall residues.\nPage 4\n\n<<<PAGE 7>>>\n\nNOTIFICATION AND REQUEST FOR TECHNICAL INFORMATION\nFollow the steps outlined in your organization’s standard operating procedures and/or local\nemergency response plan for obtaining qualified assistance. Generally, the notification\nsequence and requests for technical information beyond what is available in this guidebook\nshould occur in the following order:\n1. NOTIFY YOUR ORGANIZATION/AGENCY:\n•\nBased on information provided, this will set in motion a series of events. Actions\nmay range from dispatching additional trained personnel to the scene, to activating\nthe local emergency response plan.\n•\nEnsure that local fire and police departments have been notified.\n2. CALL THE EMERGENCY RESPONSE TELEPHONE NUMBER ON THE\nSHIPPING PAPER\n•\nIf shipping paper is not available, use guidance under next section “NATIONAL\nASSISTANCE”.\n3. NATIONAL ASSISTANCE\n•\nContact the appropriate emergency response agency listed on the inside back cover\nof this guidebook.\n•\nProvide as much information about the hazardous material/dangerous good and\nthe nature of the incident.\n•\nThe agency will provide immediate advice on handling the early stages of the incident.\n•\nThe agency will also contact the shipper or manufacturer of the material for more\ndetailed information if necessary.\n•\nThe agency will request on-scene assistance when necessary.\n4. PROVIDE AS MUCH OF THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE:\n•\nYour name, call-back telephone number, fax number\n•\nLocation and nature of problem (spill, fire, etc.)\n•\nName and identification number of material(s) involved\n•\nShipper/consignee/point-of-origin\n•\nCarrier name, rail car or truck number\n•\nContainer type and size\n•\nQuantity of material transported/released\n•\nLocal conditions (weather, terrain)\n•\nProximity to schools, hospitals, waterways, etc.\n•\nInjuries and exposures\n•\nLocal emergency services that have been notified\nPage 5\n\n<<<PAGE 8>>>\n\nHAZARD CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM\nThe hazard class of hazardous materials/dangerous goods is indicated either by its class (or\ndivision) number or name. Placards are used to identify the class or division of a material.\nThe hazard class or division number must be displayed in the lower corner of a placard and\nis required for both primary and subsidiary hazard classes and divisions, if applicable. For\nother than Class 7 placards, text indicating a hazard (for example, “CORROSIVE”) is not\nrequired. Text is shown only in the U.S. The hazard class or division number and subsidiary\nhazard classes or division numbers placed in parentheses (when applicable), must appear\non the shipping paper after each proper shipping name.\nClass 1 - Explosives\nDivision 1.1 Division 1.2 Division 1.3 Division 1.4 Division 1.5 Division 1.6 Explosives which have a mass explosion hazard\nExplosives which have a projection hazard but not a mass\nexplosion hazard\nExplosives which have a fire hazard and either a minor blast\nhazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass\nexplosion hazard\nExplosives which present no significant hazard\nVery insensitive explosives with a mass explosion hazard\nExtremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass\nexplosion hazard\nClass 2 - Gases\nDivision 2.1 Flammable gases\nDivision 2.2 Non-flammable, non-toxic* gases\nDivision 2.3 Toxic* gases\nClass 3 - Class 4 - Flammable liquids (and Combustible liquids [U.S.])\nFlammable solids; Substances liable to spontaneous combustion;\nSubstances which, on contact with water, emit flammable gases\nDivision 4.1 Flammable solids, self-reactive substances and solid\ndesensitized explosives\nDivision 4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion\nDivision 4.3 Substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases\nClass 5 - Oxidizing substances and Organic peroxides\nDivision 5.1 Oxidizing substances\nDivision 5.2 Organic peroxides\nClass 6 - Toxic* substances and Infectious substances\nDivision 6.1 Toxic* substances\nDivision 6.2 Infectious substances\nClass 7 - Radioactive materials\nClass 8 - Corrosive substances\nClass 9 - Miscellaneous hazardous materials/dangerous goods and articles\n* The words “poison” or “poisonous” are synonymous with the word “toxic”.\nPage 6\n\n<<<PAGE 9>>>\n\nINTRODUCTION TO THE TABLE OF MARKINGS, LABELS AND PLACARDS\nUSE THIS TABLE ONLY WHEN THE ID NUMBER OR PROPER SHIPPING NAME IS NOT\nAVAILABLE.\nThe next two pages display the placards used on transport vehicles carrying hazardous\nmaterials/dangerous goods with the applicable reference GUIDE circled. Follow these steps:\n1. Approach scene from upwind, uphill and/or upstream at a safe distance to safely\nidentify and/or read the placard or orange panel. Use binoculars if available.\n2. Match the vehicle placard(s) with one of the placards displayed on the next\ntwo pages.\n3. Consult the circled guide number associated with the placard. Use that guide\ninformation for now. For example:\n•\nUse GUIDE 127 for a FLAMMABLE (Class 3) placard\n4. 5. 6. 7. •\nUse GUIDE 153 for a CORROSIVE (Class 8) placard\n•\nUse GUIDE 111 when the DANGER or DANGEROUS placard is displayed or the\nnature of the spilled, leaking or burning material is not known. Also use this GUIDE\nwhen the presence of hazardous materials/dangerous goods is suspected but no\nplacards can be seen.\nIf multiple placards point to more than one guide, initially use the most conservative\nguide (i.e., the guide requiring the greatest degree of protective actions).\nGuides associated with the placards provide the most significant risk and/or\nhazard information.\nWhen specific information, such as ID number or proper shipping name, becomes\navailable, the more specific Guide recommended for that material must be\nconsulted.\nA single asterisk (*) on orange placards represents an explosive's compatibility\ngroup letter. The asterisk must be replaced with the appropriate compatibility\ngroup letter. Refer to the Glossary (page 375).\nDouble asterisks (**) on orange placards represent the division of the explosive.\nThe double asterisks must be replaced with the appropriate division number.\nPage 7\n\n<<<PAGE 10>>>\n\nTABLE OF MARKINGS, LABELS, AND PLACARDS\nT ABLE OF MARKINGS, LABELS, AND PLACARDS\nUSE THIS TABLE ONLY IF MATERIALS CANNOT BE SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFIED BY\nUSE THIS T ABLE ONL Y IF MA TERIALS CANNOT BE SPECIFICALL Y IDENTIFIED BY\n111\n112\nAir only\nAll other\nmodes\nFor Divisions 1 .1,\n1 .2, 1 .3 and 1 .5, enter\ndivision number (**) and\ncompatibility group letter(*),\nwhen required.\n114 118\nFor Divisions\n1 .4 and 1 .6,\nenter compatibility\ngroup letter(*), when\nrequired.\n123\n120\n122\n127\n128\n125\nPage 8\n\n<<<PAGE 11>>>\n\nAND INITIAL RESPONSE GUIDE TO USE ON-SCENE\nAND INITIAL RESPONSE GUIDE TO USE ON-SCENE\nUSING THE SHIPPING PAPER, NUMBERED PLACARD, OR ORANGE PANEL NUMBER\nUSING THE SHIPPING PAPER, NUMBERED PLACARD, OR ORANGE PANEL NUMBER\n134 136 139\n143 148 153\n158\n163\n153\n171\n138\n147\nLithium metal batteries\n(UN3090, UN3091)\nLithium ion batteries\n(UN3480, UN3481)\nPage 9\n\n<<<PAGE 12>>>\n\nRAIL CAR IDENTIFICATION CHART\nCAUTION: Emergency response personnel must be aware that rail tank cars vary widely in\nconstruction, fittings and purpose. Tank cars could transport products that may be solids, liquids\nor gases. The products may be under pressure. It is essential that products be identified by\nconsulting shipping papers or train consist or contacting dispatch centers before emergency\nresponse is initiated. The information stenciled on the sides or ends of tank cars, as illustrated\nbelow, may be used to identify the product utilizing:\na . b . the commodity name shown;\nthe other information shown, especially reporting marks and car number which, when\nsupplied to a dispatch center, will facilitate the identification of the product.\nThe recommended guides should be considered as last resort if the material cannot\nbe identified by any other means.\n117 Pressure tank car\n•\n•\n•\n•\nFor flammable, non-flammable,\ntoxic and/or liquefied compressed\ngases\nProtective housing\nNo bottom fittings\nPressures usually above 40 psi\n131 Non-pressure / low pressure tank car•\n•\n•\n•\n•\nKnown as general service tank\ncar\nFor variety of hazardous and\nnon-hazardous materials\nFittings and valves normally\nvisible at the top of the tank\nSome may have bottom\noutlet valve\nPressures usually below 25 psi\nPage 10\n\n<<<PAGE 13>>>\n\nRAIL CAR IDENTIFICATION CHART\n128\n\u0007 Non-pressure / low pressure tank car\n(TC117, DOT117)\n•\n•\n•\n•\n•\nFor flammable liquids (e.g.,\nPetroleum crude oil, ethanol)\nProtective housing separate from\nmanway\nBottom outlet valve\nPressures usually below 25 psi\n111 Box car\n•\n•\n•\nFor general freight that carry bulk\nor non-bulk packages\nMay transport hazardous\nmaterials/dangerous goods in\nsmall packages or \"tote bins\"\nSingle or double sliding door\n140 Hopper car\n•\n•\nFor bulk commodities and bulk\ncargo (e.g., coal, ore, cement\nand solid granular materials)\nBulk lading discharged by gravity\nthrough the hopper bottom doors\nwhen doors opened\nCOMMON MARKINGS ON RAIL CARS: reporting marks and car number, load limit (pounds\nor kilograms), empty weight of car, placard, tank qualification and pressure relief device\ninformation, car specification, and commodity name.\nPage 11\n\n<<<PAGE 14>>>\n\nROAD TRAILER IDENTIFICATION CHART\nCAUTION: This chart depicts only the most general shapes of road trailers and cargo transport\nunits. Emergency response personnel must be aware that there are many variations of road\ntrailers, not illustrated below, that are used for shipping chemical products. Many intermodal\ntanks that transport liquids, solids, liquefied compressed gases, and refrigerated liquefied\ngases have similar silhouettes. The suggested guides are for the most hazardous products\nthat may be transported in these trailer types.\nWARNING : Road trailers may be jacketed, the cross-section may look different than shown\nand external ring stiffeners would be invisible.\nNOTE: An emergency shut-off valve is commonly found at the front of the tank, near the\ndriver door.\nThe recommended guides should be considered as last resort if the material cannot\nbe identified by any other means.\nMAWP: Maximum Allowable Working Pressure.\n117 MC331, TC331, SCT331•\n•\n•\nFor liquefied compressed gases\n(e.g., LPG, ammonia)\nRounded heads\nDesign pressure between\n100-500 psi\n117 MC338, TC338, SCT338, TC341, CGA341•\n•\n•\n•\nFor refrigerated liquefied gases\n(cryogenic liquids)\nSimilar to a \"giant thermo-bottle\"\nFitting compartments located in a\ncabinet at the rear of the tank\nMAWP between 25-500 psi\n131 DOT406, TC406, SCT306, MC306, TC306•\n•\n•\n•\n•\nFor flammable liquids\n(e.g., gasoline, diesel)\nElliptical cross-section\nRollover protection at the top\nBottom outlet valves\nMAWP between 3-15 psi\nPage 12\n\n<<<PAGE 15>>>\n\nROAD TRAILER IDENTIFICATION CHART\n137 DOT407, TC407, SCT307, MC307, TC307•\n•\n•\n•\nFor toxic, corrosive, and\nflammable liquids\nCircular cross-section\nMay have external ring stiffeners\nMAWP of at least 25 psi\n137 DOT412, TC412, SCT312, MC312, TC312•\n•\n•\n•\n•\nUsually for corrosive liquids\nCircular cross-section\nExternal ring stiffeners\nTank diameter is relatively small\nMAWP of at least 15 psi\n112 TC423•\n•\n•\nFor emulsion and water-gel\nexplosives\nHopper-style configuration\nMAWP between 5-15 psi\n117 Compressed Gas/Tube Trailer\nPage 13\n\n<<<PAGE 16>>>\n\nROAD TRAILER IDENTIFICATION CHART\n134 Dry Bulk Cargo Trailer\n137 Vacuum Tanker\n111 Mixed Cargo\n111 Intermodal Freight Container\n117 Intermodal Tank\nPage 14\n\n<<<PAGE 17>>>\n\nNOTES\nPage 15\n\n<<<PAGE 18>>>\n\nGLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION\nAND LABELING OF CHEMICALS (GHS)\n(May be found on means of containment during transport)\nThe Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) is an\ninternational guideline published by the United Nations. The GHS aims to harmonize the\nclassification and labeling systems for all sectors involved in the life cycle of a chemical\n(production, storage, transport, workplace use, consumer use and presence in the\nenvironment).\nThe GHS has nine symbols used to convey specific physical, health and environmental\nhazard information. These symbols are part of a pictogram that is diamond shaped and\nincludes the GHS symbol in black on a white background with a red frame. The pictogram is\npart of the GHS label, which also includes the following information:\n•\n•\n•\n•\n•\nSignal word\nHazard statement\nPrecautionary statements\nProduct identifier\nSupplier identification\nGHS pictograms are similar in shape to transport labels; however, transport labels have\nbackgrounds of different colors.\nThe elements of the GHS that address signal words and hazard statements are not\nexpected to be adopted in the transport sector. For substances and mixtures covered by\nthe UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations, the\ntransport labels for physical hazards will have precedence. In transport, a GHS pictogram\nfor the same (or lesser) hazard as the one reflected by the transport label or placard should\nnot be present, but it could exist on the package.\nExamples of GHS labeling:\nOuter Packaging: Box with\nflammable liquid transport label Inner Packaging: Plastic\nSingle Packaging: 200 L\nbottle with GHS hazard\nwarning label\n(55 US gallons) drum with a flammable liquid transport label combined with GHS\nhazard warning label\nPage 16\n\n<<<PAGE 19>>>\n\nIn some cases, such as on drums or international bulk containers (IBCs), which must\naddress information for all sectors, the GHS label may be found in addition to the required\ntransport labels and placards. Both types of labels (GHS and transport) will differ in a way\nthat will make them easy to identify during an emergency.\nGHS\nPictograms Physical hazards Pictograms\nGHS\nHealth and\nEnvironmental hazards\nExplosive;\nSelf-reactive;\nOrganic peroxide\nSkin corrosion;\nSerious eye damage\nFlammable;\nPyrophoric;\nSelf-reactive;\nOrganic peroxide;\nSelf-heating;\nEmits flammable gases\nwhen in contact with water\nAcute toxicity (harmful);\nSkin sensitizer;\nIrritant (skin and eye);\nNarcotic effect;\nRespiratory tract irritant;\nHazardous to ozone layer\n(environment)\nOxidizer Respiratory sensitizer;\nMutagen;\nCarcinogen;\nReproductive toxicity;\nTarget organ toxicity;\nAspiration hazard\nGas under pressure Hazardous to aquatic\nenvironment\nCorrosive to metals Acute toxicity (fatal or toxic)\nPage 17\n\n<<<PAGE 20>>>\n\nHAZARD IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS\nDISPLAYED ON SOME INTERMODAL CONTAINERS\nHazard identification numbers, utilized under European and some South American regulations,\nmay be found in the top half of an orange panel on some intermodal bulk containers.\nThe 4-digit ID number is in the bottom half of the orange panel.\n33\n1203\nThe hazard identification number in the top half of the orange panel consists of two or\nthree digits. In general, the digits indicate the following hazards:\n2 - Emission of gas due to pressure or chemical reaction\n3 - Flammability of liquids (vapors) and gases or self-heating liquid\n4 - Flammability of solids or self-heating solid\n5 - Oxidizing (fire-intensifying) effect\n6 - Toxicity or risk of infection\n7 - Radioactivity\n8 - Corrosivity\n9 - Risk of spontaneous violent reaction\nNOTE: The risk of spontaneous violent reaction within the meaning of digit 9 includes the\npossibility, due to the nature of a substance, of a risk of explosion, disintegration\nand polymerization reaction followed by the release of considerable heat or\nflammable and/or toxic gases.\n•\nDoubling of a digit indicates an intensification of that particular hazard (i.e., 33,\n•\n•\n66, 88).\nWhere the hazard associated with a substance can be adequately indicated by a\nsingle digit, the digit is followed by a zero (i.e., 30, 40, 50).\nA hazard identification number prefixed by the letter “X” indicates that the\nsubstance will react dangerously with water (i.e., X88).\nPage 18\n\n<<<PAGE 21>>>\n\nHAZARD IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS\nDISPLAYED ON SOME INTERMODAL CONTAINERS\nThe hazard identification numbers listed below have the following meanings:\n20 Asphyxiant gas or gas with no subsidiary hazard\n22 Refrigerated liquefied gas, asphyxiant\n223 Refrigerated liquefied gas, flammable\n225 Refrigerated liquefied gas, oxidizing (fire-intensifying)\n23 Flammable gas\n238 Gas, flammable corrosive\n239 Flammable gas which can spontaneously lead to violent reaction\n25 Oxidizing (fire-intensifying) gas\n26 Toxic gas\n263 Toxic gas, flammable\n265 Toxic gas, oxidizing (fire-intensifying)\n268 Toxic gas, corrosive\n28 Gas, corrosive\n30 Flammable liquid (flash-point between 23°C and 60°C, inclusive), or flammable liquid\nor solid in the molten state with a flash-point above 60°C, heated to a temperature\nequal to or above its flash point, or self-heating liquid\n323 Flammable liquid which reacts with water, emitting flammable gases\nX323 Flammable liquid which reacts dangerously with water, emitting flammable gases\n33 Highly flammable liquid (flash-point below 23°C)\n333 Pyrophoric liquid\nX333 Pyrophoric liquid which reacts dangerously with water\n336 Highly flammable liquid, toxic\n338 Highly flammable liquid, corrosive\nX338 Highly flammable liquid, corrosive, which reacts dangerously with water\n339 Highly flammable liquid which can spontaneously lead to violent reaction\n36 Flammable liquid (flash-point between 23°C and 60°C, inclusive), slightly toxic, or\nself-heating liquid, toxic\n362 X362 Flammable liquid, toxic, which reacts with water, emitting flammable gas\nFlammable liquid, toxic, which reacts dangerously with water, emitting\nflammable gases\n368 Flammable liquid, toxic, corrosive\n38 Flammable liquid (flash-point between 23°C and 60°C, inclusive), slightly corrosive\nor self-heating liquid, corrosive\n382 X382 Flammable liquid, corrosive, which reacts with water, emitting flammable gases\nFlammable liquid, corrosive, which reacts dangerously with water, emitting\nflammable gases\n39 Flammable liquid, which can spontaneously lead to violent reaction\n40 Flammable solid, or self-reactive substance, or self-heating substance, or\npolymerizing substance\nPage 19\n\n<<<PAGE 22>>>\n\nHAZARD IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS\nDISPLAYED ON SOME INTERMODAL CONTAINERS\n423 Solid which reacts with water, emitting flammable gases, or flammable solid which\nreacts with water, emitting flammable gases, or self-heating solid which reacts with\nwater, emitting flammable gases\nX423 Solid which reacts dangerously with water, emitting flammable gases, or flammable\nsolid which reacts dangerously with water, emitting flammable gases, or self-heating\nsolid which reacts dangerously with water, emitting flammable gases\n43 Spontaneously flammable (pyrophoric) solid\nX432 Spontaneously flammable (pyrophoric) solid which reacts dangerously with water,\nemitting flammable gases\n44 446 46 462 X462 48 482 X482 Flammable solid, in the molten state at an elevated temperature\nFlammable solid, toxic, in the molten state at an elevated temperature\nFlammable or self-heating solid, toxic\nToxic solid which reacts with water, emitting flammable gases\nSolid which reacts dangerously with water, emitting toxic gases\nFlammable or self-heating solid, corrosive\nCorrosive solid which reacts with water, emitting flammable gases\nSolid which reacts dangerously with water, emitting corrosive gases\n50 Oxidizing (fire-intensifying) substance\n539 Flammable organic peroxide\n55 Strongly oxidizing (fire-intensifying) substance\n556 Strongly oxidizing (fire-intensifying) substance, toxic\n558 Strongly oxidizing (fire-intensifying) substance, corrosive\n559 Strongly oxidizing (fire-intensifying) substance which can spontaneously lead to\nviolent reaction\n56 Oxidizing substance (fire-intensifying), toxic\n568 Oxidizing substance (fire-intensifying), toxic, corrosive\n58 Oxidizing substance (fire-intensifying), corrosive\n59 Oxidizing substance (fire-intensifying), which can spontaneously lead to\nviolent reaction\n60 623 63 638 639 Toxic or slightly toxic substance\n606 Infectious substance\nToxic liquid, which reacts with water, emitting flammable gases\nToxic substance, flammable (flash-point between 23°C and 60°C, inclusive)\nToxic substance, flammable, (flash-point between 23°C and 60°C, inclusive), corrosive\nToxic substance, flammable, (flash-point not above 60°C) which can spontaneously\nlead to violent reaction\n64 Toxic solid, flammable or self-heating\n642 Toxic solid which reacts with water, emitting flammable gases\n65 Toxic substance, oxidizing (fire-intensifying)\n66 Highly toxic substance\nPage 20\n\n<<<PAGE 23>>>\n\nHAZARD IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS\nDISPLAYED ON SOME INTERMODAL CONTAINERS\n663 664 665 X668 669 69 Highly toxic substance, flammable (flash-point not above 60°C)\nHighly toxic solid, flammable or self-heating\nHighly toxic substance, oxidizing (fire-intensifying)\n668 Highly toxic substance, corrosive\nHighly toxic substance, corrosive, which reacts dangerously with water\nHighly toxic substance which can spontaneously lead to violent reaction\n68 Toxic substance, corrosive\nToxic or slightly toxic substance which can spontaneously lead to violent reaction\n70 Radioactive material\n768 Radioactive material, toxic, corrosive\n78 Radioactive material, corrosive\n80 X80 823 83 Corrosive or slightly corrosive substance\nCorrosive or slightly corrosive substance which reacts dangerously with water\nCorrosive liquid which reacts with water, emitting flammable gases\nCorrosive or slightly corrosive substance, flammable (flash-point between 23°C and\n60°C, inclusive)\nX83 Corrosive or slightly corrosive substance, flammable (flash-point between 23°C and\n60°C, inclusive), which reacts dangerously with water\n839 Corrosive or slightly corrosive substance, flammable (flash-point between 23°C and\n60°C, inclusive), which can spontaneously lead to violent reaction\nX839 Corrosive or slightly corrosive substance, flammable (flash-point between 23°C and\n60°C, inclusive), which can spontaneously lead to violent reaction and which reacts\ndangerously with water\n84 842 85 856 86 X88 883 884 885 X886 89 Corrosive solid, flammable or self-heating\nCorrosive solid which reacts with water, emitting flammable gases\nCorrosive or slightly corrosive substance, oxidizing (fire-intensifying)\nCorrosive or slightly corrosive substance, oxidizing (fire-intensifying) and toxic\nCorrosive or slightly corrosive substance, toxic\n88 Highly corrosive substance\nHighly corrosive substance which reacts dangerously with water\nHighly corrosive substance, flammable (flash-point between 23°C and 60°C, inclusive)\nHighly corrosive solid, flammable or self-heating\nHighly corrosive substance, oxidizing (fire-intensifying)\n886 Highly corrosive substance, toxic\nHighly corrosive substance, toxic, which reacts dangerously with water\nCorrosive or slightly corrosive substance which can spontaneously lead to\nviolent reaction\n90 99 Environmentally hazardous substance; miscellaneous dangerous substances\nMiscellaneous dangerous substance carried at an elevated temperature\nPage 21\n\n<<<PAGE 24>>>\n\nPIPELINE TRANSPORTATION\nIn North America, hazardous materials/dangerous goods are commonly transported through\nmillions of miles of pipelines and related structures. Products transported include natural gas,\nnatural gas liquids, crude oil, gasoline, diesel fuel, anhydrous ammonia, carbon dioxide, jet\nfuel, and other commodities. Although most pipelines are buried, often there are aboveground\nstructures and markers indicating the presence of pipelines. First responders should be\naware of the pipelines in their jurisdictions, the products they transport, and the operators\nresponsible for those pipelines. Proactive relationships can be beneficial in the safe and\neffective management of pipeline emergencies.\nTypes of Pipelines\nNatural Gas Pipelines\nNatural Gas Transmission Pipelines\nLarge-diameter, steel pipelines transport flammable natural gas (toxic and non-toxic) at\nvery high pressures ranging from 200 to 1,500 psi*. Natural gas in transmission pipelines is\nodorless — generally not odorized with mercaptan (the “rotten egg” smell); however, natural\ngas containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) will have a distinct “rotten egg” odor.\nNatural Gas Distribution Pipelines\nNatural gas is delivered directly to customers via distribution pipelines. These pipelines are\ntypically smaller-diameter, lower-pressure pipelines constructed of steel, plastic, or cast\niron. Natural gas in distribution pipelines is odorized with mercaptan (the “rotten egg” smell).\nNatural Gas-Gathering and Natural Gas Well Production Pipelines\nNatural gas-gathering/well production pipelines collect “raw” natural gas from wellheads and\ntransport the product to gas-processing and/or gas-treating plants. These gathering pipelines\ncarry natural gas mixed with some quantity of natural gas liquids, water, and, in some areas,\ncontaminants such as toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Natural gas in these pipelines is not\nodorized with mercaptan (the “rotten egg” smell); however, natural gas that contains hydrogen\nsulfide (H2S) will have a distinct “rotten egg” odor.\nHazardous Liquid and Highly Volatile Liquid Pipelines\nHazardous Liquid Pipelines\nCrude oil, refined petroleum products (e.g. gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel or diesel) and hazardous\nliquids (e.g. anhydrous ammonia or ethanol) are often transported by pipelines.\nMany liquid petroleum pipelines transport different types of liquid petroleum in the same\npipeline. To do so, the pipeline operator sends different products in “batches.” For example, an\noperator could send gasoline for several hours, and then switch to jet fuels, before switching\nto diesel fuel.\n* Data from http://naturalgas.org/naturalgas/transport/\nPage 22\n\n<<<PAGE 25>>>\n\nHighly Volatile Liquid (HVL) Pipelines\nHVL pipelines transport hazardous liquids which will form a vapor cloud when released to\nthe atmosphere and which have a vapor pressure exceeding 276 KPa (40 psia) at 37.8°C\n(100°F). An example of an HVL is liquid propane.\nPipeline Markers\nSince pipelines are usually buried underground, pipeline markers are used to indicate their\npresence in an area along the pipeline route. Of the three types of pipelines typically buried\nunderground — distribution, gathering, and transmission — only transmission pipelines are\nmarked with the following above-ground markers used to indicate their route.\nMarkers warn that a transmission pipeline is located in the area, identify the product\ntransported in the line, and provide the name and telephone number of the pipeline operator\nto call. Markers and warning signs are located at frequent intervals along natural gas and\nliquid transmission pipeline rights-of-way, and are located at prominent points such as where\npipelines intersect streets, highways, railways, or waterways.\nPipeline markers only indicate the presence of a pipeline—they do not indicate the exact\nlocation of the pipeline. Pipeline locations within a right-of-way may vary along its length and\nthere may be multiple pipelines located in the same right-of-way.\nNOTE:\n•\n•\n•\nMarkers for pipelines transporting materials containing dangerous levels of hydrogen\nsulfide (H2S) may have markers that say: “Sour” or “Poison.\n”\nNatural gas distribution pipelines are not marked with above-ground signs.\nGathering/production pipelines are often not marked with above-ground signs.\nPage 23\n\n<<<PAGE 26>>>\n\nPipeline Structures (Above Ground)\nNatural Gas Transmission Pipelines: Compressor stations, valves, metering stations.\nNatural Gas Distribution Pipelines: Regulator stations, customer meters and\nregulators, valve box covers.\nNatural Gas Gathering/Well\nProduction Pipelines:\nPetroleum and Hazardous\nLiquids Pipelines:\nCompressor stations, valves, metering stations,\nwellheads, piping, manifolds.\nStorage tanks, valves, pump stations,\nloading racks.\nIndications of Pipeline Leaks and Ruptures\nPipeline releases can range from relatively minor leaks to catastrophic ruptures. It is important\nto remember that gases and liquids behave differently once they are released from a pipeline.\nGenerally, the following could be indications of a pipeline leak or rupture:\n•\n•\n•\n•\n•\n•\nHissing, roaring, or explosive sound\nFlames appearing from the ground or water (perhaps very large flames)\nVapor cloud/fog/mist\nDirt/debris/water blowing out of the ground\nLiquids bubbling up from the ground or bubbling in water\nDistinctive, unusually strong odor of rotten eggs, mercaptan (an odorant in some\nnatural gas pipelines), skunk, or petroleum\n•\n•\n•\n•\nDiscolored/dead vegetation or discolored snow above a pipeline right-of-way\nOil slick or sheen on flowing/standing water\nAn area of frozen ground in the summer\nAn unusual area of melted snow in the winter\nPage 24\n\n<<<PAGE 27>>>\n\n•\n•\n•\n•\n•\nGeneral Considerations for Responding to a Pipeline Emergency\nSafety First! Your safety and the safety of the community you protect is top priority.\nRemember to approach a pipeline incident from upwind, uphill, and upstream while using\nair monitoring equipment to detect for the presence of explosive and/or toxic levels of\nhazardous materials/dangerous goods.\n– Always wear proper personal protective equipment. Be prepared for a flash fire. Use\nshielding to protect first responders in the event of an explosion. Use respiratory\nprotection.\n– Never op","truncated":true,"body_characters":800471}