# Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Data and Analysis - **operation:** document - **citation:** PHMSA Guidance, Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Data and Analysis - **title:** Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Data and Analysis - **source type:** guidance - **agency:** Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration - **status:** guidance - **official:** true - **published on:** Not available - **effective on:** Not available - **summary:** Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Data and Analysis Document HM01-FR.pdf (4.38 MB) This report documents the research for Project HM-01: Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Data and Analysis. The research objective was to identify information and practices supporting an update to the U.S. DOT's 1995 Guidance for Conducting Hazardous Materials Flow Surveys. A hazardous materials commodity flow survey (HMCFS) identifie - **machine formats:** - **json:** https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-guidance-hazardous-materials-commodity-flow-data-and-analysis-c7d3558d.json - **markdown:** https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-guidance-hazardous-materials-commodity-flow-data-and-analysis-c7d3558d.md - **app url:** https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-guidance-hazardous-materials-commodity-flow-data-and-analysis-c7d3558d - **source url:** https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/regulatory-compliance/phmsa-guidance/hazardous-materials-commodity-flow-data-and-analysis **body:** Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Data and Analysis Document HM01-FR.pdf (4.38 MB) This report documents the research for Project HM-01: Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Data and Analysis. The research objective was to identify information and practices supporting an update to the U.S. DOT's 1995 Guidance for Conducting Hazardous Materials Flow Surveys. A hazardous materials commodity flow survey (HMCFS) identifies the hazardous materials (HazMat) transported into, out of, within, and through a specified area. Effective Date: Wednesday, December 1, 2010 <<>> Project No. _________ COPY NO._________ HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMODITY FLOW DATA AND ANALYSIS FINAL PROJECT REPORT Prepared for Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program Transportation Research Board of The National Academies TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRIVILEGED DOCUMENT This report, not released for publication, is furnished only for review to members of or participants in the work of the CRP. This report is to be regarded as fully privileged, and dissemination of the information included herein must be approved by the CRP. Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning Texas A&M University Multimodal Freight Programs Texas Transportation Institute and Transportation Operations Group Texas Transportation Institute Texas A&M University System College Station, Texas December 2010 i <<>> ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF SPONSORSHIP This work was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration and was conducted in the Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program, which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies. DISCLAIMER This is an uncorrected draft as submitted by the research agency. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in the report are those of the research agency. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Academies, the Federal Highway Administration, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, or the individual states participating in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program. ii <<>> HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMODITY FLOW DATA AND ANALYSIS FINAL PROJECT REPORT Prepared for Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program Transportation Research Board of The National Academies George O. Rogers, Ph.D. Professor and Senior Fellow Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning Texas A&M University David H. Bierling Associate Research Scientist Texas Transportation Institute Annie Protopapas, Ph.D. Associate Research Scientist Texas Transportation Institute Deborah Jasek Associate Research Specialist Texas Transportation Institute Jeffrey E. Warner Associate Transportation Researcher Texas Transportation Institute and Leslie E. Olson Associate Research Scientist Texas Transportation Institute Texas A&M University System College Station, Texas December 2010 iii <<>> <<>> TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES .......................................................................................... xii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................................... xv ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ xvi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 1 ES.1 PURPOSE .......................................................................................................................... 1 ES.2 THE HCMFS PROCESS ....................................................................................................... 1 ES.3 SELECT HMCFS LEADERSHIP, SET OBJECTIVES, AND DEFINE DATA REQUIREMENTS ...... 4 ES.5 COLLECT AND REVIEW BASELINE INFORMATION AND SCOPE HMCFS PROJECT ............ 4 ES.6 COLLECT AND REVIEW EXISTING HMCFS DATA ............................................................... 4 ES.7 COLLECT AND VALIDATE NEW HMCFS DATA ................................................................... 5 ES.8 ANALYZE AND DOCUMENT HMCFS DATA ....................................................................... 5 ES.9 IMPLEMENT HMCFS INFORMATION ................................................................................ 6 ES.10 SUPPORTING RESEARCH .................................................................................................. 7 ES.10.1 Literature Review ..................................................................................................... 7 ES.10.2 National Survey of LEPCs about HMCFS Practices ................................................... 7 ES.10.3 Case Studies .............................................................................................................. 9 ES.11 PROMISING PRACTICES .................................................................................................... 9 ES.12 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 10 ES.13 IMPLEMENTATION ......................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT ............................................................. 12 1.1 LOCAL EMERGENCY PLANNING COMMITTEES .............................................................. 12 1.2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANNING ............................................................................... 13 1.3 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TRANSPORTATION OVERVIEW ............................................. 13 1.4 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EMERGENCY PLANNING AND TRANSPORTATION GUIDANCE ................................................................................................................................. 17 1.5 PROJECT HM-01 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMODITY FLOW DATA AND ANALYSIS 18 1.5.1 Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Study Overview ........................................ 19 1.5.2 The HMCFS Process ................................................................................................ 20 1.5.3 Report Structure ..................................................................................................... 23 CHAPTER 2: STATE OF HAZMAT CFS PRACTICES: SURVEY ............................... 24 2.1 SURVEY TOPICS .............................................................................................................. 24 2.2 SURVEY SAMPLE ............................................................................................................. 26 2.3 FINDINGS AND APPLICATIONS – SURVEY RESULTS ....................................................... 27 2.3.1 LEPC Descriptive Characteristics ............................................................................ 27 2.3.1.1 Jurisdiction Population .................................................................................... 27 2.3.1.2 HazMat Transport Characteristics ................................................................... 27 2.3.1.3 Jurisdiction Business Sectors ........................................................................... 27 2.3.1.4 LEPC Participation ............................................................................................ 28 2.3.1.5 LEPC Activity .................................................................................................... 28 v <<>> 2.3.2 Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Surveys ..................................................... 32 2.3.2.1 HMCFS Activity ................................................................................................ 32 2.3.2.2 HazMat Transport Risk Perception .................................................................. 35 2.3.2.3 CFS Understanding .......................................................................................... 35 2.3.2.4 CFS Participants ............................................................................................... 35 2.3.2.5 CFS Guidance ................................................................................................... 35 2.3.3 CFS Data Sources: Existing Data ............................................................................. 41 2.3.3.1 HazMat CFS Exchange ...................................................................................... 41 2.3.4 CFS Data Sources: New Data .................................................................................. 43 2.3.4.1 Vehicle/Placard Counts ................................................................................... 43 2.3.4.2 Shipping Manifests .......................................................................................... 46 2.3.5 HazMat CFS Data Characteristics ........................................................................... 50 2.3.5.1 HazMat Quantity Data ..................................................................................... 50 2.3.5.2 HazMat Classification Data .............................................................................. 50 2.3.5.3 Data Value and Usefulness .............................................................................. 50 2.3.6 Data Challenges ...................................................................................................... 56 2.3.7 Data Analysis .......................................................................................................... 56 2.3.8 Outcomes, Implementation, and Tech Transfer .................................................... 60 2.3.9 CFS Funding Sources ............................................................................................... 65 2.3.10 Interaction with SERCs ........................................................................................... 69 2.3.11 HazMat CFS Funding ............................................................................................... 69 2.3.12 HMCFS Barriers ....................................................................................................... 73 2.3.13 HazMat CFS Incentives ........................................................................................... 73 2.3.14 ‘Bang-For-Your-Buck’ Practices .............................................................................. 73 2.4 LEPC SURVEY CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................... 78 2.4.1 HazMat CFS Activity ................................................................................................ 78 2.4.2 Expediency of Conducting HazMat CFS .................................................................. 78 2.4.3 Nature of HazMat CFS Data .................................................................................... 79 2.4.4 Validity of HazMat CFS Data ................................................................................... 79 2.4.5 Implementation of HazMat CFS Data ..................................................................... 80 2.4.6 Focus of HazMat CFS Efforts .................................................................................. 80 CHAPTER 3: HMCFS CASE STUDIES ............................................................................. 81 3.1 CASE STUDY 1 ................................................................................................................. 81 3.1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 81 3.1.2 Commodity Flow Survey ......................................................................................... 81 3.2 CASE STUDY 2 ................................................................................................................. 83 3.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 83 3.2.2 Commodity Flow Study .......................................................................................... 83 3.3. CASE STUDY 3 ................................................................................................................. 84 3.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 84 3.3.2 Commodity Flow Study .......................................................................................... 84 3.4 CASE STUDY 4 ................................................................................................................. 86 vi <<>> 3.4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 86 3.4.2 Commodity Flow Survey ......................................................................................... 86 3.5 CASE STUDY 5 ................................................................................................................. 88 3.5.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 88 3.5.2 Commodity Flow Survey ......................................................................................... 88 3.6 CASE STUDY 6 ................................................................................................................. 90 3.6.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 90 3.6.2 Commodity Flow Survey ......................................................................................... 90 3.7 CASE STUDY 7 ................................................................................................................. 92 3.7.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 92 3.7.2 Commodity Flow Survey ......................................................................................... 92 3.8 CASE STUDY RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................ 94 CHAPTER 4: HMCFS OBJECTIVES ................................................................................ 97 4.1 AWARENESS ................................................................................................................... 97 4.2 MINIMUM TRAINING SCENARIO DEFINITION ................................................................ 97 4.3 MAXIMUM TRAINING SCENARIO DEFINITION ............................................................... 97 4.4 EMERGENCY PLANNING ................................................................................................. 98 4.5 COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING ......................................................................................... 98 4.6 EQUIPMENT NEEDS ........................................................................................................ 98 4.7 RESOURCE SCHEDULING ................................................................................................ 99 4.8 ROUTE DESIGNATION .................................................................................................... 99 4.9 LEGAL TAKINGS ............................................................................................................ 100 CHAPTER 5: EXISTING HAZMAT TRANSPORT DATA SOURCES ....................... 101 5.1 EXISTING DATA OVERVIEW .......................................................................................... 101 5.2 LOCALLY OR INSTITUTIONALLY AVAILABLE DATA SOURCES ....................................... 101 5.2.1 Prior HMCFS.......................................................................................................... 101 5.2.2 Adjacent Jurisdiction/Common Corridor HMCFS ................................................. 102 5.2.3 Local and State Agency Data ................................................................................ 102 5.2.4 Information Maintained By Shippers, Receivers, And Facilities .......................... 102 5.2.5 Information Maintained by Carriers .......................................................................... 104 5.3.1.1 Roadway Carriers ........................................................................................... 104 5.3.1.2 Railroad Carriers ............................................................................................ 104 5.3.1.3 Pipeline Operators ......................................................................................... 105 5.3.1.4 Waterway Operators ..................................................................................... 105 5.3.1.5 Airlines ........................................................................................................... 106 5.2.6 Proprietary Information ....................................................................................... 106 5.2.7 TRADE ORGANIZATIONS, ENVIROMENTAL AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS, AND ACADEMIC JOURNALS ............................................................................................................. 107 5.2.7.1 Trade Organizations ....................................................................................... 107 5.2.7.2 Environmental and Social Organizations ....................................................... 107 5.2.8 Academic Journals ................................................................................................ 107 5.6 PRINT AND OTHER DATA SOURCES ............................................................................. 108 5.4 ELECTRONIC DATA SOURCES ....................................................................................... 108 vii <<>> 5.4.1 Transportation Networks ..................................................................................... 112 5.4.1.1 Roadways ....................................................................................................... 112 5.4.1.2 Railways ......................................................................................................... 112 5.4.1.3 Pipelines ......................................................................................................... 113 5.4.1.4 Waterways ..................................................................................................... 113 5.4.1.5 Airways .......................................................................................................... 113 5.4.2 Commodity Movements ....................................................................................... 113 5.4.3 System Information (Traffic) ................................................................................ 114 5.4.4 Critical Facility and Population Locations ............................................................. 114 5.4.5 Geographic and Environmental Characteristics ................................................... 115 5.4.6 Incidents and Accidents ........................................................................................ 116 5.4.6.1 Large Truck Incidents and Accidents ............................................................. 116 5.4.7 Contact Information ............................................................................................. 118 5.7 KNOWLEDGE GAPS ...................................................................................................... 118 5.7.1 Existing Roadway Data Gaps ................................................................................ 118 5.7.2 Existing Railway Data Gaps ................................................................................... 118 5.7.3 Existing Pipeline Data Gaps .................................................................................. 121 5.7.4 Existing Waterway Data Gaps .............................................................................. 121 5.7.5 Existing Airway Data Gaps .................................................................................... 122 CHAPTER 6: NEW HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TRANSPORT DATA SOURCES ....................................................................................................................... 123 6.1 THE NATURE OF NEW DATA ........................................................................................ 123 6.2 INTERVIEWS ................................................................................................................. 123 6.2.1 Interviews with HazMat Shippers, Receivers, and Carriers ................................. 124 6.2.2 Interviews with Emergency Responders and Managers, and Other Key Informants ........................................................................................................................... 124 6.3 FIELD DATA COLLECTION ............................................................................................. 125 6.3.1 Data Collection Background ................................................................................. 125 6.3.2 Selecting Count Locations .................................................................................... 127 6.3.3 Determining Count Intervals ................................................................................ 128 6.3.4 Scheduling Data Collection (Sampling) ................................................................ 128 6.3.4.1 Convenience Sample Scheduling ................................................................... 131 6.3.4.2 Representative Sample Scheduling ............................................................... 131 6.3.4.3 Cluster Sample Scheduling ............................................................................ 132 6.3.4.4 Stratified and Proportional Sample Scheduling ............................................ 133 6.3.4.5 Random Samples ........................................................................................... 133 6.3.4.6 Census ............................................................................................................ 134 6.3.5 Determining Type of Traffic and HazMat Data to be Collected (Precision) ......... 134 6.4 VEHICLE COUNTS ......................................................................................................... 136 6.4.1 Commercial Vehicle Counts .................................................................................. 136 6.4.2 Vehicle Types ........................................................................................................ 136 6.4.2.1 Vehicle Types ................................................................................................. 136 6.4.2.2 Vehicle Sizes................................................................................................... 137 viii <<>> 6.4.3 Vehicle Data Collection ........................................................................................ 137 6.5 UN/NA PLACARD ID COUNTS ....................................................................................... 138 6.5.1 Overview of UN/NA Placard ID Counts ................................................................ 138 6.5.2 UN/NA Placard ID Information ............................................................................. 138 6.5.3 UN/NA Placard ID Data Collection ....................................................................... 138 6.6 COMBINED VEHICLE AND PLACARD COUNTS .............................................................. 139 6.7 COMMODITY OR SHIPMENT ORIGIN/DESTINATION INFORMATION .......................... 140 6.8 VALIDATE DATA ............................................................................................................ 140 CHAPTER 7: ANALYZING DATA .................................................................................. 142 7.1 HAZMAT COMMODITY FLOW ANALYSIS OVERVIEW ................................................... 142 7.2 HAZMAT COMMODITY FLOW ANALYSIS FOR RAILWAYS, PIPELINES, WATERWAYS, AND AIRWAYS ................................................................................................................................. 143 7.3 HAZMAT COMMODITY FLOW ANALYSIS FOR TRUCKS/ROADWAYS ............................ 146 7.3.1 Existing Data from FAF Database or BTS Commodity Flow Survey ...................... 151 7.3.2 Existing Data from HPMS Combined with Existing Data from VIUS or CFS .......... 152 7.3.3 Total Truck Counts ................................................................................................ 153 7.3.4 Truck Type Counts ................................................................................................ 154 7.3.5 Placard Counts Combined with Total Truck Counts ............................................. 155 7.3.6 UN/NA Placard ID Counts ..................................................................................... 156 7.3.7 UN/NA Placard ID Counts Combined with Total Truck Counts ............................ 157 7.3.8 Placard ID Counts Combined with Truck Type Counts ......................................... 159 7.3.9 A Note on Statistical Analysis ............................................................................... 163 7.3.10 Interviews with HazMat Shippers, Receivers, and Carriers ................................. 163 7.3.11 Shipping Manifests (Origin/Destination) .............................................................. 163 7.4 DOCUMENTING HMCFS DATA ..................................................................................... 164 7.4.1 Identifying HazMat Flows ..................................................................................... 164 7.4.2 Risk Estimation ..................................................................................................... 167 7.4.3 Spatial Elements of Risk Estimation ..................................................................... 168 7.4.4 Temporal Elements of Risk Estimation ................................................................. 168 7.4.5 HazMat Incident/Accident Likelihoods ................................................................ 168 7.4.6 Properties of HazMat Commodities ..................................................................... 171 7.4.7 Potential Consequences of HazMat Releases ...................................................... 172 7.4.8 Hotspots Analysis ....................................................................................................... 172 CHAPTER 8 IMPLEMENTATION OF HMCFS INFORMATION ............................ 173 8.1 REVIEW OBJECTIVES AND LIMITATIONS ...................................................................... 173 8.2 DISSEMINATING AND COMMUNICATING HMCFS INFORMATION .............................. 175 8.2.1 Dissemination ....................................................................................................... 175 8.2.2 Communication .................................................................................................... 175 8.3 APPLY HMCFS RESULTS TO OBJECTIVES ...................................................................... 176 8.4 ARCHIVING THE HMCFS ............................................................................................... 178 8.4.1 Local Archiving ...................................................................................................... 178 8.4.2 Proposed Approach for a Centralized Directory .................................................. 178 8.4.2.1. Directory of Hazmat CFS Information ........................................................... 179 8.4.2.2. Repository of HazMat CFS Information ......................................................... 185 ix <<>> 8.4.3 Management and Maintenance ........................................................................... 185 8.4.3.1 Federal Management and Maintenance ....................................................... 185 8.4.3.2 State Management and Maintenance ........................................................... 187 8.4.3.3 Free Access (Independent; Local Posting) Management and Maintenance . 188 8.5 REVISIONS AND UPDATES ............................................................................................ 189 CHAPTER 9 DEVELOPING PROMISING PRACTICES ............................................ 191 9.1 IDENTIFYING HMCFS OBJECTIVES ................................................................................ 192 9.2 DEFINE LEVEL OF PROTECTION .................................................................................... 194 9.2.1 Complete Protection ............................................................................................ 194 9.2.2 Maximum Protection ............................................................................................ 194 9.2.3 Reasonable Protection ......................................................................................... 194 9.2.4 General Protection ............................................................................................... 195 9.3 DEFINE SAMPLING AND PRECISION REQUIREMENTS .................................................. 197 9.4 FUNDING AND SCHEDULING HMCFS EFFORTS ............................................................ 203 9.5 DEFINE HMCFS PERSONNEL ROLES ............................................................................. 207 9.6 UTILIZE EXISTING DATA SOURCES ................................................................................ 211 9.7 EVALUATE POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF HAZMAT RELEASES ................................ 214 9.8 COMMUNICATION WITH CRITICAL STAKE HOLDERS ................................................... 219 9.9 DEMONSTRATING LOCAL RISK ..................................................................................... 221 CHAPTER 10 UPDATING THE GUIDANCE FOR CONDUCTING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS FLOW SURVEYS ....................................................................................... 223 10.1 HMCFS PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................... 224 10.2 THE HMCFS PROCESS ................................................................................................... 225 10.3 HMCFS LEADERSHIP, OBJECTIVES, AND DATA REQUIREMENTS ................................. 228 10.4 BASELINE INFORMATION AND SCOPE ......................................................................... 230 10.5 COLLECT AND REVIEW EXISTING DATA ....................................................................... 232 10.6 COLLECT AND VALIDATE NEW DATA ........................................................................... 234 10.7 ANALYSIS AND DOCUMENTATION ............................................................................... 236 10.8 IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................................................................... 238 10.9 CASE STUDIES ............................................................................................................... 238 10.10 COMMODITY FLOW APPLICATION MODEL.................................................................. 238 CHAPTER 11 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMODITY FLOW RESEARCH NEEDS ....................................................................................................................... 240 11.1 TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL TRANSPORT ............................. 240 11.2 PARTICIPATION IN LOCAL PROCESSES ......................................................................... 240 11.3 VULNERABILITIES ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT MODES OF HAZMAT TRANSPORT . 241 11.4 VALIDATION OF EXISTING ACCIDENT DATA ................................................................. 241 11.5 TRACKING LEPC MEMBERS, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES AND LEADERSHIPS ................ 241 11.6 MULTILEVEL COMMUNICATION, DATA COLLECTION AND ARCHIVING ...................... 242 11.7 INTEGRATING THE HMCFS INTO COMMUNITY COMPREHENSIVE EMERGENCY PLANS ..................................................................................................................................... 242 x <<>> REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 243 APPENDIX A HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PLACARDS ................................................. A-1 APPENDIX B SHIPPING DOCUMENTS AND PLACARD NUMBERS .......................... B-1 APPENDIX C LEPC SURVEY ON HMCFS PRACTICES ................................................ C-1 APPENDIX D ELECTRONIC DATA SOURCE DESCRIPTIONS ................................... D-1 D.1 EXISTING ELECTRONIC DATABASE AND MAP SOURCE DESCRIPTIONS ........................ D-2 D.2 EXISTING ELECTRONIC REPORT SOURCE DESCRIPTIONS ............................................ D-13 APPENDIX E 2002 VEHICLE INVENTORY AND USE SURVEY DATA ...................... E-1 E.1 VEHICLE TYPES .............................................................................................................. E-1 E.2 VEHICLE CONFIGURATIONS .......................................................................................... E-1 APPENDIX F SAMPLE RAILROAD DATA REQUEST FORM ....................................... F-1 APPENDIX G WATERWAY DATA ANALYSIS USING USACE COMMODITY AND HAZMAT CODES ............................................................................................................... G-1 APPENDIX H CDPS TRUCK/HAZMAT COUNT TABULATION SHEETS .................. H-1 APPENDIX I TRUCK/HAZMAT COUNT TABULATION SHEET FOR VIUS CARGO BODY TYPE, SIZE AND WEIGHT CLASSIFICATIONS ............................................. I-1 xi <<>> LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Page Figure 1: The HMCFS Process. ......................................................................................................... 3 Figure 2: The HMCFS Process. ....................................................................................................... 22 Figure 3: HM-01 Survey Flow Chart. ............................................................................................. 25 Figure 4: Active Participant Groups for LEPC Survey Respondents. ............................................. 30 Figure 5: Number of HMCFS Conducted by LEPC Survey Respondents. ...................................... 33 Figure 6: Years that HMCFS Was Conducted by LEPC Survey Respondents. ............................... 34 Figure 7: Reasons for Conducting HMCFS. ................................................................................... 36 Figure 8: Level of Understanding about HMCFS Process as Indicated by LEPC Survey Respondents. .................................................................................................................... 38 Figure 9: HMCFS Participants. ....................................................................................................... 39 Figure 10: Guidance Used by LEPCs for Conducting HMCFS. ....................................................... 40 Figure 11: Existing Data Sources Used for Conducting HMCFS. ................................................... 42 Figure 12: New Data Sources Used for Conducting HMCFS. ........................................................ 44 Figure 13: ‘Most Important’ Factors Guiding Selection of Vehicle/Placard Count Locations. .......................................................................................................................... 45 Figure 14: Timing Used by LEPCs for Conducting HazMat Vehicle/Placard Counts. .................... 48 Figure 15: ‘Most Important’ Factors Guiding Selection of Locations for Examining Shipping Manifests. ........................................................................................................... 49 Figure 16: HazMat Quantity Data Collected for HMCFS. .............................................................. 51 Figure 17: HazMat Classification Data Collected for HazMat CFS. ............................................... 52 Figure 18: Perceived HazMat Data Usefulness by Level of Quantity Data Collected. .................. 54 Figure 19: Perceived HazMat Data Usefulness by Level of Classification Data Collected ............ 55 Figure 20: Challenges with HMCFS Data Collection. .................................................................... 57 Figure 21: Methods Used to Determine/Validate Meaning of HMCFS Data to LEPC Jurisdiction. ....................................................................................................................... 59 Figure 22: HMCFS Applications – Short Answer Responses. ........................................................ 61 Figure 23: HMCFS Applications – From Provided Response Options. .......................................... 62 Figure 24: Most Useful Reported HMCFS Results. ....................................................................... 63 Figure 25: Top LEPC Priorities for Next HMCFS. ........................................................................... 64 Figure 26: HMCFS Distribution. ..................................................................................................... 66 Figure 27: Improvement to Understanding of Transport Risks by Different Groups. .................. 67 Figure 28: Sources of HMCFS Funding Used by LEPCs. ................................................................. 68 Figure 29: Information Provided by SERCs to LEPCs about HMCFS.............................................. 70 Figure 30: HMCFS Grant Funds Matching Mechanisms Suggested by LEPCs. .............................. 71 Figure 31: Perceived Barriers to Conducting HMCFS. .................................................................. 75 xii <<>> Figure 32: Perceived Incentives for Conducting HMCFS. ............................................................. 76 Figure 33: ‘Bang-for-Your-Buck’ HMCFS Practices Recommended by LEPCs. .............................. 77 Figure 37: Hourly Frequencies of ‘HMIS Serious’-Classified Highway In-Transit Incidents. ....... 170 Figure 38: The HMCFS Process.................................................................................................... 227 Figure 39: The HMCFS Goals and Objectives Identification Process. ......................................... 229 Figure 40: The HMCFS Baseline Information Compilation and Review Process. ....................... 231 Figure 41: The HMCFS Existing Data Collection and Evaluation Process.................................... 233 Figure 42: The HMCFS New Data Collection and Validation Process. ........................................ 235 Figure 43: The HMCFS Data Analysis and Documentation Process. ........................................... 237 Figure 44: The HMCFS Implementation Process. ....................................................................... 239 Table 1: The Hazardous Materials Classification System .............................................................. 15 Table 2: LEPC HazMat Transport Characteristics. ......................................................................... 29 Table 3: Major Local Business Sectors by LEPC Jurisdiction Population ....................................... 29 Table 4: LEPC Meeting Attendance and Frequency. ..................................................................... 31 Table 5: Number of HazMat CFS Conducted by LEPCs. ................................................................ 33 Table 6: LEPC Conduct of HMCFS by Population Category. .......................................................... 34 Table 7: Perceived HazMat Transport Risk Levels of LEPC Survey Respondents. ........................ 36 Table 8: LEPC Understanding of HMCFS Process. . - **truncated:** true - **body characters:** 635861