{"operation":"document","citation":"10-0222","title":"Environmental Resource Center — Hazardous Materials Safety Interpretation","source_type":"guidance","agency":"Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration","status":"guidance","official":true,"published_on":"2010-12-22","effective_on":null,"summary":"10-0222 response to Environmental Resource Center concerning 173.22, 173.56.","machine_formats":{"json":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-interpretation-10-0222.json","markdown":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-interpretation-10-0222.md"},"app_url":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-interpretation-10-0222","source_url":"https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/legacy/interpretations/Interpretations/2010/100222.pdf","body":"<<>>\n\nU.S. Department of Transportation 1200 New Jersey Ave. SE\nPipeline and Hazardous Materials\nWashington. D.C. 20590\nSafety Administration\nDEC 22 2010\nMs. Rebecca Spaulding\nEnvironmental Resource Center\n101 Center Pointe Dr.\nCary, NC 27513\nRef. No. 10-0222\nDear Ms. Spaulding:\nThis responds to your October 7, 2010 email regarding the transportation of a calcium oxidebased\npowder under the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR; 49 CFR Parts 171-180).\nAccording to your letter, the New York City Fire Department (NYCFD) has specifically\nrequested that the manufacturer of a calcium oxide-based powder that you represent supply\ndocumentation from PHMSA indicating the product does not require approval for use. You\nindicate that the material is primarily calcium oxide (up to 95%) mixed with other ingredients.\nWhen mixed with water, the product expands and generates heat. You also provide an MSDS\nand a technical data sheet for further information about the product.\nUnder § 173.22, it is the shipper's responsibility to properly classify a hazardous material. This\noffice does not normally perform this function nor do we provide documentation indicating a\nproduct does not require our approval for transport or its intended use. Unless the HMR directs\na person to obtain approval for the transport ofa material (e.g., an explosive approval in\naccordance with § 173.56), a material meeting the definition ofa hazardous material in § 171.8\nand properly classed and described in accordance with the HMR may be transported in\nauthorized packaging and by authorized modes. Based on the information provided in your\nletter, the calcium oxide-based powder would not meet the definition of an explosive under\n§ 173.50 ofthe HMR. Thus, for purposes ofapplicability ofthe HMR requirements to\nexplosive material, the material does not need PHMSA approval for transportation.\nI hope this information is helpful. Ifyou have further questions, please contact this office.\nSincerely,\nFen 5#--Ben\nSupko\nActing Chief, Standards Development Branch\nStandards and Rulemaking Division\n\n<<>>\n\nDrakeford, Carolyn (PHMSA)\nFrom: Vas, Brian (PHMSA)\nSent: Friday, October 22,201012:30 PM\nTo: Drakeford, Carolyn (PHMSA)\nSubject: FW: Question from Rebecca Spaulding\nAttachments: Bristar Tech Manual (2).pdf; Da-mite MSDS ANSI Form REV 09 24 2010.pdf\nFrom: Rebecca Spaulding [mailto:rspaulding@ercweb.com]\nSent: Thursday, October 07, 20104:08 PM\nTo: Vas, Brian (PHMSA)\nSubject: FW: testing information\nHi Brian,\nThank you for your time yesterday on the phone, and more importantly, helping me tackle this issue of how to\nrespond to the FDNY's concerns about this non-explosive material which is used as an alternative to blasting\nwhere and when vibrations cannot be tolerated.\nAttached is the MSDS and a technical data sheet (same product marketed under a different name - \"Bristar\").\nIn summary, it is basically calcium oxide (up to 95%) with a kiln dried outer coating (represented by the\nremaining ingredients in the MSDS) to prevent contact with air and oxygen so that it can be stored for longer\nperiods of time without losing its effectiveness. This outer coating also functions to reduce the permeability of\nthe water penetration to the Calcium Oxide allowing you to mix it, pour it, pump it, etc. with a slowed down\nreaction time (similar to a time release capsule effect).\nHere is the direct request by the FDNY:\n1) Provide evidence showing that the product has been approved by the DOT for the intended use. (Or\nprovide documentation from DOT indicating that such product does not require special approval from DOT for\nintended use.)\nBased on our conversation, you mentioned that a person within the Special Permits dept. may be able to\nadvise whether any explosivity (or other) testing would be required for other hazards and if testing is conducted\nand it does NOT meet the Div. 1.1-1.6 definitions, then a document would be issued to indicate that the\napproval is not necessary.\nIf it helps you out, here is some additional information:\n1) Calcium oxide is already defined in the DOT Hazardous Materials Table 49 CFR 172.101 as class 8,\nPG III for air transport only.\n2) It has been designated under the NFPA 704 reactivity definition (scale 0-4) as having a rating of 1. The\nexplanation of 1 is the following:\nMaterials which in themselves are normally stable, but which can become unstable at elevated\ntemperatures and pressures or which may react with water with some release of energy but not\nviolently.\n3) Other than calcium oxide, the remaining ingredients listed in the MSDS are essentially by-products\nduring the kiln drying process that have been explained by the chemist (author of the MSDS) as\nfollows. The raw material (limestone) is passed through the kiln at a temperature of over 1100 C. The\nfinal \"hard burnt\" coating consists of a fused mass of a number of complex chemical entities. These are\npredominantly anhydrous calcium oxides, and calcium salts. The water and carbon dioxide is\neliminated in the kiln drying process. These resulting oxides are presented on the MSDS in the final\ncomposition in order of magnitude.\nSilicon Dioxide exists in the material as the oxide, as is the Ferric Oxide. Whereas alumina combines\n1\n\n<<>>\n\nwith Calcium ions to form Calcium Aluminate, and Sulfur Trioxide as Calcium Sulfide. On addition of\nJ water Calcium Sulfide hydrolyzes, some of it dissolving in the water. Hence at anytime, there is never\nany free Sulfur Trioxide present.\nPlease contact me with any question you might have on this issue. I thank you again for your assistance in\nthis very complicating matter.\nKind regards,\nRebecca Spaulding\nEnvironmental Resource Center\n101 Center Pointe Dr.\nCary, NC 27513\n919-469-1585 x 400\n919-342-0807 fax\nrspaulding@ercweb.com\nSave over 50% on environmental, hazmat transportation, and OSHA training with Environmental Resource Center's\nannual and corporate subscriptions. And, you can eliminate travel expenses with live webcast training.\nThis email is intended solely for the person to whom it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary or\nprivileged material. Use or distribution ofthis information by persons other than the intended recipient is\nprohibited. If you receive this message in error, please immediately notify the sender and delete it and all copies\nofit from your system. Messages sent to or from ercweb.com addresses are permanently archived.\n2\n\n<<>>\n\nMar 19 03 10:26a\nDai~h Compan~\n\"BRISTAR\" is. a soundless and safe demolition a\\l,ent\nwhich is quite different from ordinary demolition\n., 'agents such as explosive:; and dangerous materials. It\ndoes not cause any flyrock, noise, ground vibration,\ngas, dust or any other environmental pollution when\nused properly.\nAs requirement>; for demoH?ning rock and reinforced\nconcrete in con!'.truction increase in tight quarters, the\nuse of explosives and explosive agents arc becoming\nmorerestrictea-i5-TaTlls· ·safety and environmental\npollution problems are concerned. \"BRISTAR\" is a\nsolution.\nWhen \"BRISTAR\" mIxed with an appropriate quantity\nof water is poured infO cylindrical holes drilled in rock\nor concrete to be demolished, it hardens and expands\nand then generates cracks as planned previously. After\nthat, the material with cracks can be easily removed\nwith pick breaker, pneumatic breaker, excavator etc.\nFamily of \"BRISTAR\"\nThese are currently on the market 3 grades of\nBRISTAR designed for various temperature ranges\n(shown in Fig. 1) of material to be cracked. Since a\nchemkal reaction of BRISTAR depends on temperature,\nuse the proper type of BRISTAR listed in Table 1.\nTable I. BRISTAR designed for various range of\ntemperature\nratuB -a·lOO, 8·150.6-200 an: SR ISTAR 100, 150, 200. and\n{ 300, resPllCtiltely.\nj-...___\n--I\n__l---::-~::__Ir '··Consult our agent in the case\nl--..;..:..'-'--.:...::..:'-'-j....:......--If- 1 --:5\":-C_-f_5..;;.9°,...F,.;....;1 of 8 high tempef\\lture i oller\n5'C_ 141~FI 35·C).\nI. \"BRISTAR\" is a safe substance.\nBRISTAR is not controlled by any legal regulation\nsuch as explosives and explosive agents etc. No\nqualified persons for handling are required and the\n. demolition can be easily and safely performed\nanywhere.\nII. \"BRISTAR\" is a soundless cracking agenL\nUnlike the existing method of demolition done by\nexplosives or breaking equipment, BRISTAR does\n'lOt make anY noise, vibration. fJyrock, dust and\ngas so that rocks and reinforced concrete may be\ndemolished safely without environmental poilu7708873783 p. 1\ntion.\nFurthermore, as the expansive stress due to\nBRISTAR is kept even after the crack initiation,\nthe crack opening d\\stance becomes wider as\ntime passes.\nm. \"BRISTAR\" handles easily.\nNo lid (or cap) is necessary at all after\n8RISTAR is poured into a hole of rock or\nreinforced concrete. Nor is tamping required as\nwith explosives, BRISTAR exerts its strength in\na short time, and because of its strong adhesion\nand frictional resistance to inner surface of the\nhole, there does not occur any spurt due to heatgeneration\n(blown-out shot) when used within\nthe parameters as noted in the conditions. The\nexpansive stress along the hole depth is almost\nconstant except for that near the entrance of hole.\nGenerally the expansive stress loss from the hole\nentrance has little effect on the demolition work\nwhen hole depth is long.\nlV. \"SRISTA.R\" has an expansive stress of more than\n3000 t/ml (Fig.2, 3, 4 )\nGenerally, the compressive fracture stress of rocks\nis 1000 to 2000 kgJcm2 and that of concrete 150\nto 500 kgJcm2\n• However. the tensile fracture stress\nis very sm.all, i.e., it ranges from 40 to 70 kg/em1\nin rocks and 1 S to 30 k,&{cml in concrete,\nrespectively, Since demolition by using BRISTAR\nis based on a fracture due to a tensile\nstress, all kinds of rocks and concrete can be\ncracked and broken by using--GRISTAR when\nappropriate hales are properly drilled.\nI. Chemical components of \"BRISTAR\"\nBRISTAR is a powder consisting of an inorganic\ncompound made mainly of a special kind of\nsilicate and an organic compound. BRISTAR\ndoes not contain any harmful components.\nII. Some effects on the expansive stress of \"BR 1STAR\".\n1) The expansive stress increases more than\n6,OOOl/m~(Fig_ 1,3,4)\n2) The larger the hole diameter is, the greater the\nexpansive stress becomes. (Fig. 2)\n3) There is little change in the expansive stress\nwhen the water ratio is in the neighborhood\nof approximately 30%. However, the stress is\ndecreased as the water ratio is increased or\ndecreased.\n\n<<>>\n\nMar 19 03 10:27a Daigh Compan:! 7708873783 p.2\nTempe....ture I'C) Ma)(imum Allowable Temperatore\nof Material to be Cracked\n40\n30\nt~ 1\n'20\n~7Q\n10\n::\nB·1oo\n40\no f30 _ 10 l~,_-=---=::::::~~_-:-----::-----:-_-\\~ 20\n{) 2 3 4 5 6 7 days Waler 'lauo 30%\n2QOO\n1000\no 12 24 36 48 (hrs1\nTime\nFig. 1 Time required that expansive stress Fi9- 3 Changes in the e)(pansive stress of B·100\nreaches 3000 tIm\" and Temperature\n4o00r------------------.\n\"\" IQ\n3000\nExpansive Stress\nhim')\n2000\n1000\nTemp_ B·1oo 20°C\nB-200 SoC\nd 'S C\n6000 :Ci. __ ~\nI,~\n.........\n....\n5000 r\n,JIO C,\n/\nI\nExpansive Stress 400D r\n(t!m2\\ !\n3000t\nhola dia : 40mm\n•\nI 2000l\nIi\n1000\nBfiISrl--R 200\n1\n'--T_im_e ___1~67h-r-s-,~~--~~-o~----~1-0~~~2~O-----~3-~O--_-_4~O~~~5~~O_-~_J\n_\nWateT Ratio :!.01'. Hole Diameter !mml _ ____________\nTime\n__~ll L ~-------O~---1-2~--2-4----~36~~~4~8~ln-r-~~\nFig. 2 The relation between the expansive Fig. 4 Changes in the expansive stress of B -200\nstress and hole diameter.\nThere are many superior points in the demolition works performed by \"BRISTAR\" as compared the other\ndemolition methods_ It is also seen to be more economical. The outline is indicated in Table II.\nTable II. Comparison of BRISTAR with others --\nBreaking\nS Situations at the work sitl;\nI 1-:1r I+ Simplification IE'\nISafety _ conomy\nPower Gn:rund\not ProtectIon '\nIREMARKS:\nKind~ _\nNoise Vibr!ltion Dust Gas Flytock\n© Superior lor Pollutlon-free)\nElt'PI~\\\"~s © X X X X\nI iDynamite)\nX X ©\nX 0 f::\" A little inferior\nI1\no Good\n6.\n© IX Inferior (or with pollution)\nX I\n© © 0 I\n*Results differ subject t(;\nl the .circumstances\nExplosives 0\nlConcrete\nCracker)\n6. 6. X 6,\n6.\nRock 6,. 6, 0 0 ©\nbreaker\n0\nHydraulic r'~\\ © © © @\ni Splitter '-._\"\n©\n©\nI\"SRISTAR\" 0 © © © ©\n2\n\n<<>>\n\nMar 19 03 10:27a llaigh Compan~ 7708873783 p.3\n,After \"BRISTAR\" is poured into the holes drilled\nin rocks and a concrete, the expansive stress gradu•ally\nincrease, with time and it gets to more than\n3000 tim?' at room temperature after 16 hours. As the\n\"BRISTAR\" generates its expansive stress, the material\nto be cra.cked u{\\dcr~oes a proce.ss. of (\\) crack\ninitiation, (2) crack propagation, {3) the increase of\ncrack width. Therefore, this fracture mechanism is\ndistinguished from a breakage by blasting.\nThe mechanism by the expansive str~ss of \"BRISTAR\"\nis shown in Fig. 5. Cracks initiate from an inner surface\nof the hole, being Gaused by ten~ile stress at a right\nangle with the compressive stre5S which occurs by tile\nexpansive stress of \"BRISTAR\". Then, as the expansive\nstress of \"BRISTAR\" is kept up even after the\nappearance of cracks, the cracks propagate and also\nnew cracks initiate during the process. Usually. fO[ a\nsingle hole. 2-4 cracks initiate and propagate. When a\nfree surface exists, the crack, as shown in Fig. 6, is\npushed apart mainly by the shear stress, and a\nsecondary crack also arises from the bottom of the\nhole running toward the free surface.\nI free surface\n---rompressive stress\n-tensilestress\nWhen multiple numbers of holes arc filled with \"BRIST\nA.R\", the. tare proper\\), adjacent to eil.cn otner, the\ncracks from the hole propagate to connect with the\nneighboring holes, as shown in Fig. 7.\nIt is therefore possible to determine the directions of\nthe cracks as planned by appropriately arranging the\nhole spacing and its depth and its inclination.\n...... /\n'hole filled with\n, --BRISTAR\nFig. 7 Crack propagation'\nEstablishment of free surface\nIn the case of trenching, shafting or tunneling,if all\nholes are drilled vertically and filled with\nBRlSTAR, the crack width can not increase but\nhoriwntal cracks initiate. Therefore, in order to\nobtain two free surfaces, iodinated holes or presplitting\nmust be required. (Refer to APPENDIX)\nFig.5 Fracture mechanism by the\neY-l)\"af\\llive \"'-Tess of I3RIS1' A~\nr---7\"\"'fr~ surfoce\n/ I\nI\nSince work using \"BRISTAR\" depends on the\nplacement of the holes, the drilling must be done in\nrelation to the job to be performed_\n6.1 Test design and breaking\nThe desi,&n for breaking 'Should be done accordioi',\nto the properties of rocks. joint, volume to be\n,removed, secondary breaking, and work period\netc. Table III should be taken into account for the\ndesign.\nPrior to the execution of test break, reference\nshould be made to P,PP£NOIX to aS5ist in bfca\\~\ndesign.\nTo determine which combination of hole size and\nspacing is most desirable, drill several holes of\ndifferent diameter at different burden and spacing,\ncheck each of the break conditions and then\ndecioe hole diam~er, oepili1 burd~n and spaci\\1'l,.\nTable III Type of Breaking by BRISTAR\n( secondary crack\nI !\nj I\nFig,6 Sectionill-view of the crack formation in the\nmaterial with two free 5urfaces\nType\nFragmentation\nCrack formation PrespliHlng Secondary breaking\nHammer. Power show!\nHand break&r. Power shovel. Hvdraulic\nbreak'll\nCombination of mechanlcal b'reaker or\ndy\"amitG\n3\n\n<<>>\n\nMar 19 03 10:27a DaiCh Compan::;t 7708873783 p.4\n6.2 Drilling\nI. Drilling\nmachine:\nII. Drilling\n, direclion:\nUse electrical drill, rock drill or\n,crawler drill.\nIt is preferable to drill holes verti·\ncally> btlt in cases of a wall or pillar\nof reinforced concrete where verti·\ncal drilling is hard, an inclined hole\nmay be drilled. Since, a greater\neffect is il,chieved with a deeper\nhole, in case of a thin material,\nconsideration should be given so as\nto get a long hole depth by drilling\nit obliquely if necessary. Horizontal\nholes can be applied the same idea\nof spacing a~ with vertical hol~s.\nThe breaking plan of Table IV can\nserve as a guidance in making a\ndecision. In general, the preferable\nhole diameter is from 40 to 50 mm\n(1 W' to 2\"').\nTable IV. Material and proper hole spacing\n(Hole Diameter: 40mm)\n2f 4,0 T eo 1r\nI\n.\":o\";~:~.ceO J(\\\\!at , 1 1\n~I=\nIT!~t4!dal''\nroncrete} as holes before placing concrete instead\nof driUing. Whenever the structure need to be\ncracked. fill BRISTAR in the pipes. There is\nno change in breaking effect by the usc of pipe.\nIll. Hole diameter\nand hole\nspacing:\nhard virgin roeb .....\nsoft virgin roek. \",\n~\npresplitting of the above'\nrocks\n. ' .. , '\n• ......\nfoundatioo •\nReinforced pillar. 'l:ieam\n........\nconcrete WillA. slab ...\nIV. Hole depth: This varies with the shape of the\n,material to be cracked or the break\nplan. Refer to APPENDIX as a guide\nline.\nIt should be noted that \"BRISTAR\"\nmixed with water can easily be applied\nby hand, when the hole depth\nis up to approximateJy 10 meters.\nWhen the depth is less than 3 times\nthe diameter of the hole. less era!,;k·\n'jng will occur, the breaking effoct\nis lessened and the time required\nfor demolition is increased.\n6.3 Use of thin steel pipe\nIn the case of a temporary concrete struCl:t/re (to\nbe d~mol\\4e.dt place. min stee.l pi)}e.s(the thkk·\nness: < 0.8 mm (:iz\") I.e. a sheath pipe for P.S.\n.\n, 7. MIXING AND FILLING ':' ~\n. .\n7.1 Mixing of \"BRISTAR\"\nI. Mixing Equipment:\nMix one bag (5 kg, 11 Ib) of BRISTAR\nwith water at a time by hand or preferably\nwith a mechanical mixer. Prepare the follow·\ning equipments.\n(1} Container : For one bag of \"BRISTAR\"\n- a metal bucket or clean\ncan of 10-20 liters capa«;ity.\n(2) Mixer ; For instance, hand· mixer.\n(3) Water meter: Breaker or measuring\ncylinder.\n{4} Protector : Rubber gloves, sa.fety goggles.\nII. Mixing Method\nPour approximately J.5 liter (0.4 U.S. gallon)\nof water into container beforehand and add\none bag of BRISTAR gradually and mix well\nuntil it has a good fluidity.\nWhen a vi5cosity of the mixture of BR1STAR\nand water is too high 10 pour into the hole,\nadd a little water to get a good fluidity. Do\nnot exceed 34% of water ratio p.7 liter;\n0.45 US. gallon per 5 kg; 11 Ib of BRIST AR).\nThe mixing time by hand·mixer is about 2-3\nminutes (it is rerommended that mechanical\nmixer be used on large volume jobs). When\nmixing by hands, wear rubber gloves.\nIII. Mixing Water\nUse dean water of below 30°C for \"8-100\",\n15\"C for \"8-150\" and 10°C for\"B-200\"(city\nwater or clean river water). Especially. cool\nwater below lS0C(59°F}must be used when an\naverage atmospheric temperature is more. than\n30tlC (86°F) for\"B·l00:'The cooler the water,\nthe longer BRIST AR will remain fluid.\nIV. Standard Quantity\nThe quantity of 8RISTAR to be used for\ncracking differs with the hole spaces and\ndiameters. \\n Table 'V, the re\\71tron between\nthe quantity of BRISTAR used and the\n4\n\n<<>>\n\nMar 19 03 10:28a Daigh Compan~ 7708873783 p.5\nhole diameters is indicated for the hole of 1 m\ndepth, where BR1ST AR was mixed at a water\nratio of 30%.\n.Table V. Quantity of BRISTAR used per hole depth\nand the hole diameters.\nIII. When much water of the slurry is absorbed to\nthe material to be cracked lfor instJnce, a dry\nconcrete). use the sack or spray water into the\nhole. In cold temperature, avoid the water\nsprayed freezing in the hole.\nIV. When the material to be cracked is in water,use\nthe sack indicated in Fig. 8 . Try to use the\nbucket or the pump when filling into the pipe,\nremove it up, and then tie the sack to avoid\nBRISTAR filled diluting. If there is no flow of\nwater around an entrance of the hole, SRI·\nSTAR may directly be poured into the hole\nusing the pump so 00. It should gently dis·\nplace the water in the hole.\nThe average quantity of\"BRJSTAR\"used perl\nm3 is 5 kg for the material to be broken when\nworking at in virgin rock (8.4 Ib/yd3 ).\nr or fragmentation and reinforced com;rete, an\namount of 2 to 4 times of that is required.\nDesign the hole diameter and the spacing by\nalso referring to Table IV or APPENDIX.\n1.2 Filling of the hole with \"BRISTAR\"\n\\. \"BR\\STJ\\R\" should be poured into no\\c!;\nwithin 10 minutes after mixing with water.\n\"BRISTAR\" may set up within 10 minutes\nloosing its fluid properties and becoming\ndifficult to pour. Once Its fluidity is gone,\nit shouJd not be diluted by re-mixing with\nwa\\.er, ?C the :;trewgth ;.;. greath> reduced.\nI L \"BRISTAR\" is best placed using a bucket\nwith pour spout, coking gun or grouting\npump, especially for a horizontal hole. Try to\ndrili horizontal holes with some slope to help\nin filling.\nIlL \"BRISTAR\" must be poured into 11 hole to\nthe brim.\nIV, For 3 horizontal hole, the hole can be easify\nplugged with\"BRISTAR\"as it reaches a clay\nlike consistancy as it start, setting up. A slight\nslope makes their use much easier.\n7:-3 Use of polyethylene sack in hole\nI. If there is water il1 the hole, place a poiy·\nethylene thin sack equal to the hoie diameter\ninto the hole, insert a wooden rod into the\nbag and then Fill BRISTAR into the sack.\n(See Fig. 8) The BRISTAR in the sack will\ndisplace the water in tha hole. There IS no\nchange in the breaking effect by the use of\nthis kind of sack.\nII. When there are many loints or large voids in\n'i\"~ material to be cracked or when \"SRI=;TAR.\"\nsomewhat leak.. from tn-a hOle. u~e tn\"\n:;'!'ck.\nFig. 8 Use of polyethylene SIlC!~ in holl'l\n7.4 After treatment\n!. Tamping with mortar or sand is not required at all\nafter the filling of \"BRISTAR\". It is also not\nnecessary to put on any restrictive cap. Jlist\n\\eave as it is and wait unti' crack initialc~.\nCovering the filled hole with a ptilStiC cover is\ndesireable to avoid dilution o/\"BRISTAR\"rrom\nexternal water source until cracking starts.\nII. Spraying the surface with water after the cracks\ninitiate tends to increase the width of cr~lcks and\nspeed the cracking orOCGSS,\n\n<<>>\n\nMar 19 03 10:29a DaiCh Companl:! 7708873783\np.6\n8. TIME REQUIRED FOR <:;RACK FORMATION\nThe time required for crack forma.tion in material at\n2fJ'C (68\"F) is about \"\\ 0-20 houl'!.. The lower the\n,temperature the longer crack formation takes. The\ncrack width for rock continues to increase with\ntime and can become 10-30 mm Cit\" -1+\") after\nseveral days, depending on free surfaces available. It is\nbest to wait until the \"BRIST.AR\" has worked to full\ndepth before removing rock as premature removal at\nthe first sign of a crack can hamper the leverage effect\nof \"BRISTAR\".\n9. CONTAINER AND STORAGE\n\"BRISTAR\" is packed in 4 anti-moisture plastic bags.\nof 5 kg (11 Ib) each and the placed in a water proofed\ncarton with a total weight of approximately 20 kg (44\nIb).\n10. CAUTION\nL Do not use \"8RISTAR\" for other purposes besides\nthe cracking of rocks or concrete as instructed in\nthis brochure.\nII. Rinse with water, when any portion of the skin\ncomes in contact with \"BRISTAR\".\nm. When mixing and filling \"gRISTAR\" in holes, wear\nrubber gloves and safety goggles.\nIV. Do not pour and leave \"BRISTAR' I in bottle or can\nto avoid shattering of the can or bottle.\nV. 00 not look directly into any holes for at least 6\nhours after pouring \"BRISTAR\" into a hole. It\nmay splatter or blowout of the hole due to heat\ngeneration when temperature of materia! to be\nbroken is over 3SoC (9S0F) for \"8-100\", 20°C\n(68°F) for \"B-150\" and 15°C (59°F) for \"8-200\"\nor when hole diameter exceeds 51 mm {2\"}. If these\nconditions occur, cover the holes with a doth sheel.\nVI. Do not use hot water. Use clean water of below\n300 e (86\"F) for \"8-100\", l.s<>C for \"B-150\" and\nlOGe (50\"F) for \"8-200\", Use cool water below\n1 tf'c (590 F) when an average atmospheric temperature\nis more than 300 e (86°F) for \"B-1 00\".\nI. Although \"BRIST AR\" is packed in anti-moisture\npaper bag>, long storage may 'cause deterioration\nof its working ingredients. Therefore, store in a\ndry place and use ;t as soon as possible.\nII. When storing, do not place the bags of \"SRISTAR\"\ndirectly on floor, put them on a pallet and\nkeep. in a dry warehouse etc. \"SRISTAR\" 50\nstored can be effectively use for about 1 year.\nIll. \"BRISTAR\" should be unpacked before use.\nIV. When storing the portion of \"SRISTAR\" remain·\ning after usc. please push the air out of the bag,\nthen seal it up with gum tape and use it as soon as\npossible. However, as it may get exposed to\nmoisture there is risk of BRIST AR losing its\neffectiveness once the bag has been opened.\nV. -H you receive broken bags of \"BRISTAR\", they\n- may not work due to chance of moisture absorp·\ntion.\n\n<<>>\n\nMar 19 03 10:30a\nDai~h Compan~ 7708873783 p.7\nd lB-44mm\n1.%..\n- 1%\"\n~?O% of Height\n1 General Concept for Boulder (1 ~ 1.5m3 ;1.5\"\"\" 2yd3 )\n(1) Soft Rock 121 Middle Han:! Rock i3i Hard Rock\n{Tensile Strength: (Tensile Strel'Y,Jth: !Tensile Strength:\n< 60 kg/em'; 850psi) 6O-100ltg{cm'; 850- 1400psol > 100 kg/em>; 1400psi)\nW\n20-4Qcm\n48\" - 15\")\n2 Splitting of Large Boulder\n111\n\\ 0 70% of Height\nFill in ill holes and then\n® holes after 6 - 20 hours.\n3 Underground Excavation\nd\\38-44mm\nJ 1Y,\" -n~\"\nLI 3(),- ,00 cn.1'.\nGround Level\nI 1'~,2'\n01 ShOwn in Figure\ndl38-51mm\ni 1W'-2\"\ni3} Caisson Foundation\nL i 6O-90cm\nI 2'-3'\no I 90% of Height'\nL\n'11----+\nGround LeVl!!I ..,....,......._..-,rr-.\"..\n4 Slabbing\n32-35mm\n__--~~r-\"\"'~\nd ~\nL\no\nSmall d and L should be used to\nobtain a straight crack line.\no\n7\n\n<<>>\n\nMar 19 03 10:33a Daigh Compan::t 7708873783 p.8\n5 Breakage of Virgin Rock\nd 44-51 mm\n1%\" -2\"\n30-- 40 em\n1.1\n! \" - 1'4\"\n1----'-,.. _ .\nl. 60'\":90 em\n2·,... ·3·\n[)\nAdd.~l1g 5% of Heignt\nII 80';\":;90°\nThe tQe should be drilled at closer hole\nspacing and successivel\" broken from the front row.\nNo drilling will cause poor breakage.\n-~-\nCD\n5% of Height\nThe front holes lup to sixth row} may be simultaneously filled in. It is more effective tor the\nremoval to fill In 1.5m IS'l 0-+- 0-- 0j o () Q o\nj\n()-O> 0-- 0- o\nf()-->. 0-- 0--.... 0 o 0\n\" o\no \" 0\no ()\nPill in (i) holes and then ®\nand ® after delaying.\n38-51mm\nFace\nL\n..-..\n!Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\nlaoooooooo o\nQ ~Rellver\n&X50(xXXXX l~ 0 Hole\n0000000000\n0000000000\n+---B-u-(-~-C::-U-l--·\n>1.Sm IS')\nd 1:y..\"-2\"\nL, 40-60cm\n1'4\" ~ 2'\n38-44mm\nd\n1Yl·'.....,1\"1~\"\n3D-60em\n,4 30~40cm\n. 1'-1'4\"\nL\n1'~2'\n1-1.8m\n0\n3'-6'\nFor horizon'tal holes, drill them with some slope\ntc; ~e\\p in fillIng.\n8\n\n<<>>\n\nMar IS 03 10:34a Daigh Compan~ 7708873783 p.S\n1 Generar Concept for 2 Generar Concept for\nConcrete Reinforced Concrete\nq:-\nL L\n0 () >>\n\nMar 19 03 10:37a Daigh Compan~ 7708873783 p.l0\n5 Thick Wall\nWhen perpendicular cracks to wall face are necessary:\n. Cracks propagate along wall face\nt. I J\nf. j'\nt, \"\nt t f I\n't I J\n: l I ~\n.: ::\n:: !I\nI.\n38-44mm\nAdd a reliever hole.\nSpl!!:ing may be 10cm 14'1\nthough 20em (a').\nDrill larger d ot holes.\n6 Pier, Bridge Foundation. Retaining Wall\nDrilling depends on a shape of structu re\nand a circumstance.\nt1) Male: jog ot large bloek; \\'2) 1IIIal>>\n\nMar 19 03 10:37a Daigh Compan~ 7708873783 p. 11\n7 Zone Demolishing {Pillar. Beam. Wall}\n(1) Stagged Arrangement (Pillar)\nId\n38-44mm\n1;!.\"-1~\"\nIL i\n30~ 4O<:m\n1'-1'4\"\n1 D , 90% of Width or Height I f--~ 0\nL\n--\n0 0\n0 0 0\n0 0 0 0\no 0 0\n\"\"-\n~..• ,\n, -':'\nR'9\"~\n- -j\nD\nHorizontal or 1 m:linated Hale (60 -\n80~1\n!21 X Figure Arrangement (Pillar, WaH)\no 90% of Width or Height\nC3l Cross Drilling (Beam)\nBeam\n2 L\nPiller\n.\nJ-o\n•\nII!I \" o\n>30crn ('!')\nCutting Line\nTry to set safel\",' Zone 10 avoid\npinar cracking,\n38-44mm =1d 1----.\nlY.,\"-1%\"\n30-4Qcm\nL\nDamage\nRegion\n1'-1'4~'\n;D 90% of Width or Height\nIJ 60-800\n- I\n11\n\n<<>>\n\nMar 19 03 10:39a Daigh Compan~ 7708873783 p. 12\n8 General Concept for Thin Concrete (Wall, Slab) L\n----\n11\nCrack width of the front ..-ow is opened much Openning Face\nlarger than that of the behind rows. I\nSquare Arrangement\nStaggered\nArrangement\n21 Avoid diagonal crack\nd.\n32-38mrn. .1~:',,:,-1%\"\nd, 25mm 1\"\n32-38mm\n1~\"-1~\"\n25\":3Ocin\nL,\nL, 10\"~1'\n1(Jcm 4\"- . 10-15cm\n4\"-6\"·\nThe cu IVature at\ncorner (R) should be\nmore than 15crn (6't\n-\nL\"d,\n31 Splitting of Wall\n3a-44I'm!1:~:.\nd..\n~SteelBar\n! , I\n! I\n25\"'3Ocm\nL 1-1\n- --\":-_\"\":\"1--' .---1\n0\n:\n!\nI\n,\n,\n'\n&lUliTe\n/ Arrangement\n? ? ~ ~>XX'!\n~ ? ?\nCros$ Section\n12\n\n<<>>\n\nMar 19 03 10:39a Daigh Compan:::f 7708873783 p.13\nI 38-44mm\nd\n41 Splitting of Slab , Staggered Arrangement 2 Square Arrangement\nL'\nL, .. ..\nt -\nr r 1 1 ~\nT ~\nQ 0\nq 0 0 0\nl~ ,\nL'l ,\nt l 1 1 ! !\n\"\nQ C\nL, >>\n\nMATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET\n(Conforms to the ANSI Z400.5.2004 Standard)\nSECTION 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT &COMPANY IDENTIFICATION\nProduct Identifier: Da-mite\"\" Rock Splitting Mortar (Da-mite).\nNon Explosive Demolition Mortar\nProduct Use: For controlled, silent, non-vibration demolition of stone, rock, and\nconcrete.\nManufacturer's!Supplier's Name: Daigh Company Inc.\nAddress: 2393 Canton Hwy, Suite 400, Cumming, GA 30040\nEmergency Telephone #: 770-886-4711\nDate MSDS Prepared September 24, 2010\nSECTION 2 - COMPOSITION\nHazardous Ingredients (specific) % CAS Number\nCalcium Oxide (CaO) 85-95 1305-78-8\nSilicon Dioxide (Si02) 4-9 60676-0\nIron Oxide (Fe304) 1.5-3 1309-37-1\nAluminum Oxide (AI203) 1-5 1344-28-1\nSulfur Trioxide (S03) 0.5-3 7704-34-9\nToxicological Data on Calcium Oxide LD50: Not Available LC50: Not Available\nOSHA PEL for calcium oxide - 5 mg!m\"\nACGIH TLV for calcium oxide - 2 mg/m\"\nSECTION 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION\nEmergency Overview: Danger! Harmful if swallowed or inhaled. Causes burns to skin and eyes.\nCauses severe irritation to the respiratory tract, characterized by burning,\nsneezing and coughing. Inflammation of the eyes is characterized by redness,\nwaterinq and itchinq.\nSECTION 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES\nEyes: Immediately flush eyes with water for a period of 15 minutes. Pull back the eyelid to make\nsure all the dust has been washed out. Seek medical attention immediately.\nSkin: Flush exposed area with large amounts of water. Seek medical attention immediately.\nInhalation: Remove to fresh air. Seek medical attention if necessary.\nIngestion: Give large quantities of water or fruit juice. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical attention\nimmediately.\nNote to\nphysicians:\nProvide general supportive measures and treat symptomatically.\nMSDS: Da-mite Rock Splitting Mortar (Da-mite). Non Explosive Demolition Mortar REV: 9/24/10\n(Conforms to the ANSI Z400.5.2004 Standard) Page lof4\n\n<<>>\n\nSECTION 5 - FIREFIGHTING MEASURES\nFire Hazards:\nDa-mite is not combustible or flammable. However Da-mite reacts\nwith water releasing sufficient heat to ignite highly combustible\nmaterials in certain instances. Da-mite is not an explosion hazard.\nHowever' reaction with water or other combustible material causes\nthe material to swell and may rupture containers.\nHazardous Combustion Products: !\\lone identified.\nExtinguishing Media: Use dry chemical fire extinguisher. Do not use water or halogenated\ncompounds, except that water may be used to deluge small amounts\nof Da-mite.\nSECTION 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES\nSpill/Leak Procedures: Do not use water on bulk material spills.\nSmall Spills:\nUse dry methods to collect spilled materials. Do not clean up with\ncompressed air. Store spilled materials in dry, sealed, plastic or metal\ncontainers. Do not store clean up residuals in aluminum containers.\nSurfaces contaminated with residual amounts may be washed down with\nwater.\nLarge Spills:\nUse dry methods to collect spilled materials. Evacuate area downwind of\nclean-up operations to avoid dust exposure. Store spilled materials in\ndry, sealed, plastic or metal containers. Do not store clean up residuals in\naluminum containers.\nContainment: For large spills avoid the generation of dust. Do not release into sewers\nor waterways.\nClean-up:\nResidual amounts can be flushed with large amounts of water.\nEquipment can be decontaminated by washing either in mild vinegar and\nwater solution, or detergent and water solution.\nSECTION 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE\nHandling: Keep in tightly closed containers. Protect from phYSical damage. Avoid direct\ncontact with material.\nStorage: Store in a cool, dry and well ventilated location. Keep stored Da-mite away from\nmoisture. Do not store or ship in aluminum containers.\nSECTION 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLSfPERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT\nAirborne Exposure Limits:\nOSHA Permissible Exposure Limits\n(PEL)\n5 mg/m\" (TWA)\nACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV) 2 mg/m;J\nMSDS: Dil-mite Rock Splitting Mortar (Da-mite). Non Explosive Demolition Mortar REV: 9/24/10\n(Conforms to the ANSI Z400.5.2004 Standard) Page 2 of 4\n\n<<>>\n\nVentilation System: A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee\nexposures below the airborne exposure limits.\nPersonal Respirators (NIOSH Approved): If the exposure limit is exceeded and engineering controls are not feasible a\nfull-face piece particulate respirator (NIOSH Type N100 Filters) may be worn.\nSkin Protection: Use an approved water resistant barrier cream. Wear impervious protective\nclothing, including boots, gloves, head protection and approved eye\nprotection, long-sleeves, apron or coveralls to prevent skin contact.\nEye Protection: Use chemical safety glasses/goggles and/or full-face shield where dusting or\nsplashing of solutions is possible. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick\ndrench facilities in the work area.\nFootwear: Resistant to caustic solutions.\nSECTION 9 - PHYSICAL &CHEMICAL PROPERTIES\nAppearance: Light gray powder\nOdor: Odorless\nSolubility: Slightly soluble in water with the release of heat and formation of\ncalcium hydroxide\nSpecific Gravity: 3.2 - 3.4\npH: 10 (1 % solution of DB-mite in water)\n% Volatiles by volume at 21 C (70F): 0\nSECTION 10 - STABILITY &REACTIVITY\nStability: Chemically stable. Unlike normal Calcium Oxide which reacts quickly with\nwater, De-mite is specially kilned to provide a hard outer coating which\nallows slow penetration of water resulting in a controlled reaction,\nexpansion and heat evolution to take place. This process generates the\nhighest tensile forces necessary to split rock.\nHazardous Decomposition\nProducts:\nNo hazardous decomposition products\nIncompatibilities: DB-mite should not be mixed or stored with the following materials due to\nthe potential for violent reaction and heat: Acids, reactive fluorinated\ncompounds, reactive brominated compounds, reactive powdered metals,\norganiC acid anhydrides, nitro organic compounds and reactive\nphosphorous compounds.\nConditions to Avoid: Air, moisture and incompatibles.\nSECTION 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION\nNo LD50/LC50 has been identified for the components of De-mite. The main component is calcium oxide\nwhich is not listed b MSHA, OSHA, or IARC as a carcino en.\nMSOS: Oil-mite Rock Splitting Mortar (Oa-mite). Non Explosive Demolition Mortar REV: 9/24/10\n(Conforms to the ANSI Z400.5.2004 Standard) Page 3 of 4\nI","truncated":false,"body_characters":36991}