# Environmental Resource Center — Hazardous Materials Safety Interpretation

- **operation:** document
- **citation:** 10-0222
- **title:** Environmental Resource Center — Hazardous Materials Safety Interpretation
- **source type:** guidance
- **agency:** Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
- **status:** guidance
- **official:** true
- **published on:** 2010-12-22
- **effective on:** Not available
- **summary:** 10-0222 response to Environmental Resource Center concerning 173.22, 173.56.
- **machine formats:** - **json:** https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-interpretation-10-0222.json
- **markdown:** https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-interpretation-10-0222.md
- **app url:** https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-interpretation-10-0222
- **source url:** https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/legacy/interpretations/Interpretations/2010/100222.pdf
**body:**

<<<PAGE 1>>>

U.S. Department of Transportation 1200 New Jersey Ave. SE
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials
Washington. D.C. 20590
Safety Administration
DEC 22 2010
Ms. Rebecca Spaulding
Environmental Resource Center
101 Center Pointe Dr.
Cary, NC 27513
Ref. No. 10-0222
Dear Ms. Spaulding:
This responds to your October 7, 2010 email regarding the transportation of a calcium oxidebased
powder under the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR; 49 CFR Parts 171-180).
According to your letter, the New York City Fire Department (NYCFD) has specifically
requested that the manufacturer of a calcium oxide-based powder that you represent supply
documentation from PHMSA indicating the product does not require approval for use. You
indicate that the material is primarily calcium oxide (up to 95%) mixed with other ingredients.
When mixed with water, the product expands and generates heat. You also provide an MSDS
and a technical data sheet for further information about the product.
Under § 173.22, it is the shipper's responsibility to properly classify a hazardous material. This
office does not normally perform this function nor do we provide documentation indicating a
product does not require our approval for transport or its intended use. Unless the HMR directs
a person to obtain approval for the transport ofa material (e.g., an explosive approval in
accordance with § 173.56), a material meeting the definition ofa hazardous material in § 171.8
and properly classed and described in accordance with the HMR may be transported in
authorized packaging and by authorized modes. Based on the information provided in your
letter, the calcium oxide-based powder would not meet the definition of an explosive under
§ 173.50 ofthe HMR. Thus, for purposes ofapplicability ofthe HMR requirements to
explosive material, the material does not need PHMSA approval for transportation.
I hope this information is helpful. Ifyou have further questions, please contact this office.
Sincerely,
Fen 5#--Ben
Supko
Acting Chief, Standards Development Branch
Standards and Rulemaking Division

<<<PAGE 2>>>

Drakeford, Carolyn (PHMSA)
From: Vas, Brian (PHMSA)
Sent: Friday, October 22,201012:30 PM
To: Drakeford, Carolyn (PHMSA)
Subject: FW: Question from Rebecca Spaulding
Attachments: Bristar Tech Manual (2).pdf; Da-mite MSDS ANSI Form REV 09 24 2010.pdf
From: Rebecca Spaulding [mailto:rspaulding@ercweb.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 07, 20104:08 PM
To: Vas, Brian (PHMSA)
Subject: FW: testing information
Hi Brian,
Thank you for your time yesterday on the phone, and more importantly, helping me tackle this issue of how to
respond to the FDNY's concerns about this non-explosive material which is used as an alternative to blasting
where and when vibrations cannot be tolerated.
Attached is the MSDS and a technical data sheet (same product marketed under a different name - "Bristar").
In summary, it is basically calcium oxide (up to 95%) with a kiln dried outer coating (represented by the
remaining ingredients in the MSDS) to prevent contact with air and oxygen so that it can be stored for longer
periods of time without losing its effectiveness. This outer coating also functions to reduce the permeability of
the water penetration to the Calcium Oxide allowing you to mix it, pour it, pump it, etc. with a slowed down
reaction time (similar to a time release capsule effect).
Here is the direct request by the FDNY:
1) Provide evidence showing that the product has been approved by the DOT for the intended use. (Or
provide documentation from DOT indicating that such product does not require special approval from DOT for
intended use.)
Based on our conversation, you mentioned that a person within the Special Permits dept. may be able to
advise whether any explosivity (or other) testing would be required for other hazards and if testing is conducted
and it does NOT meet the Div. 1.1-1.6 definitions, then a document would be issued to indicate that the
approval is not necessary.
If it helps you out, here is some additional information:
1) Calcium oxide is already defined in the DOT Hazardous Materials Table 49 CFR 172.101 as class 8,
PG III for air transport only.
2) It has been designated under the NFPA 704 reactivity definition (scale 0-4) as having a rating of 1. The
explanation of 1 is the following:
Materials which in themselves are normally stable, but which can become unstable at elevated
temperatures and pressures or which may react with water with some release of energy but not
violently.
3) Other than calcium oxide, the remaining ingredients listed in the MSDS are essentially by-products
during the kiln drying process that have been explained by the chemist (author of the MSDS) as
follows. The raw material (limestone) is passed through the kiln at a temperature of over 1100 C. The
final "hard burnt" coating consists of a fused mass of a number of complex chemical entities. These are
predominantly anhydrous calcium oxides, and calcium salts. The water and carbon dioxide is
eliminated in the kiln drying process. These resulting oxides are presented on the MSDS in the final
composition in order of magnitude.
Silicon Dioxide exists in the material as the oxide, as is the Ferric Oxide. Whereas alumina combines
1

<<<PAGE 3>>>

with Calcium ions to form Calcium Aluminate, and Sulfur Trioxide as Calcium Sulfide. On addition of
J water Calcium Sulfide hydrolyzes, some of it dissolving in the water. Hence at anytime, there is never
any free Sulfur Trioxide present.
Please contact me with any question you might have on this issue. I thank you again for your assistance in
this very complicating matter.
Kind regards,
Rebecca Spaulding
Environmental Resource Center
101 Center Pointe Dr.
Cary, NC 27513
919-469-1585 x 400
919-342-0807 fax
rspaulding@ercweb.com
Save over 50% on environmental, hazmat transportation, and OSHA training with Environmental Resource Center's
annual and corporate subscriptions. And, you can eliminate travel expenses with live webcast training.
This email is intended solely for the person to whom it is addressed and may contain confidential, proprietary or
privileged material. Use or distribution ofthis information by persons other than the intended recipient is
prohibited. If you receive this message in error, please immediately notify the sender and delete it and all copies
ofit from your system. Messages sent to or from ercweb.com addresses are permanently archived.
2

<<<PAGE 4>>>

Mar 19 03 10:26a
Dai~h Compan~
"BRISTAR" is. a soundless and safe demolition a\l,ent
which is quite different from ordinary demolition
., 'agents such as explosive:; and dangerous materials. It
does not cause any flyrock, noise, ground vibration,
gas, dust or any other environmental pollution when
used properly.
As requirement>; for demoH?ning rock and reinforced
concrete in con!'.truction increase in tight quarters, the
use of explosives and explosive agents arc becoming
morerestrictea-i5-TaTlls· ·safety and environmental
pollution problems are concerned. "BRISTAR" is a
solution.
When "BRISTAR" mIxed with an appropriate quantity
of water is poured infO cylindrical holes drilled in rock
or concrete to be demolished, it hardens and expands
and then generates cracks as planned previously. After
that, the material with cracks can be easily removed
with pick breaker, pneumatic breaker, excavator etc.
Family of "BRISTAR"
These are currently on the market 3 grades of
BRISTAR designed for various temperature ranges
(shown in Fig. 1) of material to be cracked. Since a
chemkal reaction of BRISTAR depends on temperature,
use the proper type of BRISTAR listed in Table 1.
Table I. BRISTAR designed for various range of
temperature
ratuB -a·lOO, 8·150.6-200 an<! B·300
. -.: used in this brochure indicate
'.,,>: SR ISTAR 100, 150, 200. and
{ 300, resPllCtiltely.
j-...___
--I
__l---::-~::__Ir '··Consult our agent in the case
l--..;..:..'-'--.:...::..:'-'-j....:......--If- 1 --:5":-C_-f_5..;;.9°,...F,.;....;1 of 8 high tempef\lture i oller
5'C_ 141~FI 35·C).
I. "BRISTAR" is a safe substance.
BRISTAR is not controlled by any legal regulation
such as explosives and explosive agents etc. No
qualified persons for handling are required and the
. demolition can be easily and safely performed
anywhere.
II. "BRISTAR" is a soundless cracking agenL
Unlike the existing method of demolition done by
explosives or breaking equipment, BRISTAR does
'lOt make anY noise, vibration. fJyrock, dust and
gas so that rocks and reinforced concrete may be
demolished safely without environmental poilu7708873783 p. 1
tion.
Furthermore, as the expansive stress due to
BRISTAR is kept even after the crack initiation,
the crack opening d\stance becomes wider as
time passes.
m. "BRISTAR" handles easily.
No lid (or cap) is necessary at all after
8RISTAR is poured into a hole of rock or
reinforced concrete. Nor is tamping required as
with explosives, BRISTAR exerts its strength in
a short time, and because of its strong adhesion
and frictional resistance to inner surface of the
hole, there does not occur any spurt due to heatgeneration
(blown-out shot) when used within
the parameters as noted in the conditions. The
expansive stress along the hole depth is almost
constant except for that near the entrance of hole.
Generally the expansive stress loss from the hole
entrance has little effect on the demolition work
when hole depth is long.
lV. "SRISTA.R" has an expansive stress of more than
3000 t/ml (Fig.2, 3, 4 )
Generally, the compressive fracture stress of rocks
is 1000 to 2000 kgJcm2 and that of concrete 150
to 500 kgJcm2
• However. the tensile fracture stress
is very sm.all, i.e., it ranges from 40 to 70 kg/em1
in rocks and 1 S to 30 k,&{cml in concrete,
respectively, Since demolition by using BRISTAR
is based on a fracture due to a tensile
stress, all kinds of rocks and concrete can be
cracked and broken by using--GRISTAR when
appropriate hales are properly drilled.
I. Chemical components of "BRISTAR"
BRISTAR is a powder consisting of an inorganic
compound made mainly of a special kind of
silicate and an organic compound. BRISTAR
does not contain any harmful components.
II. Some effects on the expansive stress of "BR 1STAR".
1) The expansive stress increases more than
6,OOOl/m~(Fig_ 1,3,4)
2) The larger the hole diameter is, the greater the
expansive stress becomes. (Fig. 2)
3) There is little change in the expansive stress
when the water ratio is in the neighborhood
of approximately 30%. However, the stress is
decreased as the water ratio is increased or
decreased.

<<<PAGE 5>>>

Mar 19 03 10:27a Daigh Compan:! 7708873783 p.2
Tempe....ture I'C) Ma)(imum Allowable Temperatore
of Material to be Cracked
40
30
t~ 1
'20
~7Q
10
::
B·1oo
40
o f30 _ 10 l~,_-=---=::::::~~_-:-----::-----:-_-\~ 20
{) 2 3 4 5 6 7 days Waler 'lauo 30%
2QOO
1000
o 12 24 36 48 (hrs1
Time
Fig. 1 Time required that expansive stress Fi9- 3 Changes in the e)(pansive stress of B·100
reaches 3000 tIm" and Temperature
4o00r------------------.
"" IQ
3000
Expansive Stress
him')
2000
1000
Temp_ B·1oo 20°C
B-200 SoC
d 'S C
6000 :Ci. __ ~
I,~
.........
....
5000 r
,JIO C,
/
I
Expansive Stress 400D r
(t!m2\ !
3000t
hola dia : 40mm
•
I 2000l
Ii
1000
BfiISrl--R 200
1
'--T_im_e ___1~67h-r-s-,~~--~~-o~----~1-0~~~2~O-----~3-~O--_-_4~O~~~5~~O_-~_J
_
WateT Ratio :!.01'. Hole Diameter !mml _ ____________
Time
__~ll L ~-------O~---1-2~--2-4----~36~~~4~8~ln-r-~~
Fig. 2 The relation between the expansive Fig. 4 Changes in the expansive stress of B -200
stress and hole diameter.
There are many superior points in the demolition works performed by "BRISTAR" as compared the other
demolition methods_ It is also seen to be more economical. The outline is indicated in Table II.
Table II. Comparison of BRISTAR with others --
Breaking
S Situations at the work sitl;
I 1-:1r I+ Simplification IE'
ISafety _ conomy
Power Gn:rund
ot ProtectIon '
IREMARKS:
Kind~ _
Noise Vibr!ltion Dust Gas Flytock
© Superior lor Pollutlon-free)
Elt'PI~\"~s © X X X X
I iDynamite)
X X ©
X 0 f::" A little inferior
I1
o Good
6.
© IX Inferior (or with pollution)
X I
© © 0 I
*Results differ subject t(;
l the .circumstances
Explosives 0
lConcrete
Cracker)
6. 6. X 6,
6.
Rock 6,. 6, 0 0 ©
breaker
0
Hydraulic r'~\ © © © @
i Splitter '-._"
©
©
I"SRISTAR" 0 © © © ©
2

<<<PAGE 6>>>

Mar 19 03 10:27a llaigh Compan~ 7708873783 p.3
,After "BRISTAR" is poured into the holes drilled
in rocks and a concrete, the expansive stress gradu•ally
increase, with time and it gets to more than
3000 tim?' at room temperature after 16 hours. As the
"BRISTAR" generates its expansive stress, the material
to be cra.cked u{\dcr~oes a proce.ss. of (\) crack
initiation, (2) crack propagation, {3) the increase of
crack width. Therefore, this fracture mechanism is
distinguished from a breakage by blasting.
The mechanism by the expansive str~ss of "BRISTAR"
is shown in Fig. 5. Cracks initiate from an inner surface
of the hole, being Gaused by ten~ile stress at a right
angle with the compressive stre5S which occurs by tile
expansive stress of "BRISTAR". Then, as the expansive
stress of "BRISTAR" is kept up even after the
appearance of cracks, the cracks propagate and also
new cracks initiate during the process. Usually. fO[ a
single hole. 2-4 cracks initiate and propagate. When a
free surface exists, the crack, as shown in Fig. 6, is
pushed apart mainly by the shear stress, and a
secondary crack also arises from the bottom of the
hole running toward the free surface.
I free surface
---rompressive stress
-tensilestress
When multiple numbers of holes arc filled with "BRIST
A.R", the. tare proper\), adjacent to eil.cn otner, the
cracks from the hole propagate to connect with the
neighboring holes, as shown in Fig. 7.
It is therefore possible to determine the directions of
the cracks as planned by appropriately arranging the
hole spacing and its depth and its inclination.
...... /
'hole filled with
, --BRISTAR
Fig. 7 Crack propagation'
Establishment of free surface
In the case of trenching, shafting or tunneling,if all
holes are drilled vertically and filled with
BRlSTAR, the crack width can not increase but
horiwntal cracks initiate. Therefore, in order to
obtain two free surfaces, iodinated holes or presplitting
must be required. (Refer to APPENDIX)
Fig.5 Fracture mechanism by the
eY-l)"af\llive "'-Tess of I3RIS1' A~
r---7""'fr~ surfoce
/ I
I
Since work using "BRISTAR" depends on the
placement of the holes, the drilling must be done in
relation to the job to be performed_
6.1 Test design and breaking
The desi,&n for breaking 'Should be done accordioi',
to the properties of rocks. joint, volume to be
,removed, secondary breaking, and work period
etc. Table III should be taken into account for the
design.
Prior to the execution of test break, reference
should be made to P,PP£NOIX to aS5ist in bfca\~
design.
To determine which combination of hole size and
spacing is most desirable, drill several holes of
different diameter at different burden and spacing,
check each of the break conditions and then
decioe hole diam~er, oepili1 burd~n and spaci\1'l,.
Table III Type of Breaking by BRISTAR
( secondary crack
I !
j I
Fig,6 Sectionill-view of the crack formation in the
material with two free 5urfaces
Type
Fragmentation
Crack formation PrespliHlng Secondary breaking
Hammer. Power show!
Hand break&r. Power shovel. Hvdraulic
break'll
Combination of mechanlcal b'reaker or
dy"amitG
3

<<<PAGE 7>>>

Mar 19 03 10:27a DaiCh Compan::;t 7708873783 p.4
6.2 Drilling
I. Drilling
machine:
II. Drilling
, direclion:
Use electrical drill, rock drill or
,crawler drill.
It is preferable to drill holes verti·
cally> btlt in cases of a wall or pillar
of reinforced concrete where verti·
cal drilling is hard, an inclined hole
may be drilled. Since, a greater
effect is il,chieved with a deeper
hole, in case of a thin material,
consideration should be given so as
to get a long hole depth by drilling
it obliquely if necessary. Horizontal
holes can be applied the same idea
of spacing a~ with vertical hol~s.
The breaking plan of Table IV can
serve as a guidance in making a
decision. In general, the preferable
hole diameter is from 40 to 50 mm
(1 W' to 2"').
Table IV. Material and proper hole spacing
(Hole Diameter: 40mm)
2f 4,0 T eo 1r
I
.":o";~:~.ceO J(\\!at , 1 1
~I=
IT!~t4!dal''
roncrete} as holes before placing concrete instead
of driUing. Whenever the structure need to be
cracked. fill BRISTAR in the pipes. There is
no change in breaking effect by the usc of pipe.
Ill. Hole diameter
and hole
spacing:
hard virgin roeb .....
soft virgin roek. ",
~
presplitting of the above'
rocks
. ' .. , '
• ......
foundatioo •
Reinforced pillar. 'l:ieam
........
concrete WillA. slab ...
IV. Hole depth: This varies with the shape of the
,material to be cracked or the break
plan. Refer to APPENDIX as a guide
line.
It should be noted that "BRISTAR"
mixed with water can easily be applied
by hand, when the hole depth
is up to approximateJy 10 meters.
When the depth is less than 3 times
the diameter of the hole. less era!,;k·
'jng will occur, the breaking effoct
is lessened and the time required
for demolition is increased.
6.3 Use of thin steel pipe
In the case of a temporary concrete struCl:t/re (to
be d~mol\4e.dt place. min stee.l pi)}e.s(the thkk·
ness: < 0.8 mm (:iz") I.e. a sheath pipe for P.S.
.
, 7. MIXING AND FILLING ':' ~
. .
7.1 Mixing of "BRISTAR"
I. Mixing Equipment:
Mix one bag (5 kg, 11 Ib) of BRISTAR
with water at a time by hand or preferably
with a mechanical mixer. Prepare the follow·
ing equipments.
(1} Container : For one bag of "BRISTAR"
- a metal bucket or clean
can of 10-20 liters capa«;ity.
(2) Mixer ; For instance, hand· mixer.
(3) Water meter: Breaker or measuring
cylinder.
{4} Protector : Rubber gloves, sa.fety goggles.
II. Mixing Method
Pour approximately J.5 liter (0.4 U.S. gallon)
of water into container beforehand and add
one bag of BRISTAR gradually and mix well
until it has a good fluidity.
When a vi5cosity of the mixture of BR1STAR
and water is too high 10 pour into the hole,
add a little water to get a good fluidity. Do
not exceed 34% of water ratio p.7 liter;
0.45 US. gallon per 5 kg; 11 Ib of BRIST AR).
The mixing time by hand·mixer is about 2-3
minutes (it is rerommended that mechanical
mixer be used on large volume jobs). When
mixing by hands, wear rubber gloves.
III. Mixing Water
Use dean water of below 30°C for "8-100",
15"C for "8-150" and 10°C for"B-200"(city
water or clean river water). Especially. cool
water below lS0C(59°F}must be used when an
average atmospheric temperature is more. than
30tlC (86°F) for"B·l00:'The cooler the water,
the longer BRIST AR will remain fluid.
IV. Standard Quantity
The quantity of 8RISTAR to be used for
cracking differs with the hole spaces and
diameters. \n Table 'V, the re\71tron between
the quantity of BRISTAR used and the
4

<<<PAGE 8>>>

Mar 19 03 10:28a Daigh Compan~ 7708873783 p.5
hole diameters is indicated for the hole of 1 m
depth, where BR1ST AR was mixed at a water
ratio of 30%.
.Table V. Quantity of BRISTAR used per hole depth
and the hole diameters.
III. When much water of the slurry is absorbed to
the material to be cracked lfor instJnce, a dry
concrete). use the sack or spray water into the
hole. In cold temperature, avoid the water
sprayed freezing in the hole.
IV. When the material to be cracked is in water,use
the sack indicated in Fig. 8 . Try to use the
bucket or the pump when filling into the pipe,
remove it up, and then tie the sack to avoid
BRISTAR filled diluting. If there is no flow of
water around an entrance of the hole, SRI·
STAR may directly be poured into the hole
using the pump so 00. It should gently dis·
place the water in the hole.
The average quantity of"BRJSTAR"used perl
m3 is 5 kg for the material to be broken when
working at in virgin rock (8.4 Ib/yd3 ).
r or fragmentation and reinforced com;rete, an
amount of 2 to 4 times of that is required.
Design the hole diameter and the spacing by
also referring to Table IV or APPENDIX.
1.2 Filling of the hole with "BRISTAR"
\. "BR\STJ\R" should be poured into no\c!;
within 10 minutes after mixing with water.
"BRISTAR" may set up within 10 minutes
loosing its fluid properties and becoming
difficult to pour. Once Its fluidity is gone,
it shouJd not be diluted by re-mixing with
wa\.er, ?C the :;trewgth ;.;. greath> reduced.
I L "BRISTAR" is best placed using a bucket
with pour spout, coking gun or grouting
pump, especially for a horizontal hole. Try to
drili horizontal holes with some slope to help
in filling.
IlL "BRISTAR" must be poured into 11 hole to
the brim.
IV, For 3 horizontal hole, the hole can be easify
plugged with"BRISTAR"as it reaches a clay
like consistancy as it start, setting up. A slight
slope makes their use much easier.
7:-3 Use of polyethylene sack in hole
I. If there is water il1 the hole, place a poiy·
ethylene thin sack equal to the hoie diameter
into the hole, insert a wooden rod into the
bag and then Fill BRISTAR into the sack.
(See Fig. 8) The BRISTAR in the sack will
displace the water in tha hole. There IS no
change in the breaking effect by the use of
this kind of sack.
II. When there are many loints or large voids in
'i"~ material to be cracked or when "SRI=;TAR."
somewhat leak.. from tn-a hOle. u~e tn"
:;'!'ck.
Fig. 8 Use of polyethylene SIlC!~ in holl'l
7.4 After treatment
!. Tamping with mortar or sand is not required at all
after the filling of "BRISTAR". It is also not
necessary to put on any restrictive cap. Jlist
\eave as it is and wait unti' crack initialc~.
Covering the filled hole with a ptilStiC cover is
desireable to avoid dilution o/"BRISTAR"rrom
external water source until cracking starts.
II. Spraying the surface with water after the cracks
initiate tends to increase the width of cr~lcks and
speed the cracking orOCGSS,

<<<PAGE 9>>>

Mar 19 03 10:29a DaiCh Companl:! 7708873783
p.6
8. TIME REQUIRED FOR <:;RACK FORMATION
The time required for crack forma.tion in material at
2fJ'C (68"F) is about "\ 0-20 houl'!.. The lower the
,temperature the longer crack formation takes. The
crack width for rock continues to increase with
time and can become 10-30 mm Cit" -1+") after
several days, depending on free surfaces available. It is
best to wait until the "BRIST.AR" has worked to full
depth before removing rock as premature removal at
the first sign of a crack can hamper the leverage effect
of "BRISTAR".
9. CONTAINER AND STORAGE
"BRISTAR" is packed in 4 anti-moisture plastic bags.
of 5 kg (11 Ib) each and the placed in a water proofed
carton with a total weight of approximately 20 kg (44
Ib).
10. CAUTION
L Do not use "8RISTAR" for other purposes besides
the cracking of rocks or concrete as instructed in
this brochure.
II. Rinse with water, when any portion of the skin
comes in contact with "BRISTAR".
m. When mixing and filling "gRISTAR" in holes, wear
rubber gloves and safety goggles.
IV. Do not pour and leave "BRISTAR' I in bottle or can
to avoid shattering of the can or bottle.
V. 00 not look directly into any holes for at least 6
hours after pouring "BRISTAR" into a hole. It
may splatter or blowout of the hole due to heat
generation when temperature of materia! to be
broken is over 3SoC (9S0F) for "8-100", 20°C
(68°F) for "B-150" and 15°C (59°F) for "8-200"
or when hole diameter exceeds 51 mm {2"}. If these
conditions occur, cover the holes with a doth sheel.
VI. Do not use hot water. Use clean water of below
300 e (86"F) for "8-100", l.s<>C for "B-150" and
lOGe (50"F) for "8-200", Use cool water below
1 tf'c (590 F) when an average atmospheric temperature
is more than 300 e (86°F) for "B-1 00".
I. Although "BRIST AR" is packed in anti-moisture
paper bag>, long storage may 'cause deterioration
of its working ingredients. Therefore, store in a
dry place and use ;t as soon as possible.
II. When storing, do not place the bags of "SRISTAR"
directly on floor, put them on a pallet and
keep. in a dry warehouse etc. "SRISTAR" 50
stored can be effectively use for about 1 year.
Ill. "BRISTAR" should be unpacked before use.
IV. When storing the portion of "SRISTAR" remain·
ing after usc. please push the air out of the bag,
then seal it up with gum tape and use it as soon as
possible. However, as it may get exposed to
moisture there is risk of BRIST AR losing its
effectiveness once the bag has been opened.
V. -H you receive broken bags of "BRISTAR", they
- may not work due to chance of moisture absorp·
tion.

<<<PAGE 10>>>

Mar 19 03 10:30a
Dai~h Compan~ 7708873783 p.7
d lB-44mm
1.%..
- 1%"
~?O% of Height
1 General Concept for Boulder (1 ~ 1.5m3 ;1.5""" 2yd3 )
(1) Soft Rock 121 Middle Han:! Rock i3i Hard Rock
{Tensile Strength: (Tensile Strel'Y,Jth: !Tensile Strength:
< 60 kg/em'; 850psi) 6O-100ltg{cm'; 850- 1400psol > 100 kg/em>; 1400psi)
W
20-4Qcm
48" - 15")
2 Splitting of Large Boulder
111
\ 0 70% of Height
Fill in ill holes and then
® holes after 6 - 20 hours.
3 Underground Excavation
d\38-44mm
J 1Y," -n~"
LI 3(),- ,00 cn.1'.
Ground Level
I 1'~,2'
01 ShOwn in Figure
dl38-51mm
i 1W'-2"
i3} Caisson Foundation
L i 6O-90cm
I 2'-3'
o I 90% of Height'
L
'11----+
Ground LeVl!!I ..,....,......._..-,rr-."..
4 Slabbing
32-35mm
__--~~r-""'~
d ~
L
o
Small d and L should be used to
obtain a straight crack line.
o
7

<<<PAGE 11>>>

Mar 19 03 10:33a Daigh Compan::t 7708873783 p.8
5 Breakage of Virgin Rock
d 44-51 mm
1%" -2"
30-- 40 em
1.1
! " - 1'4"
1----'-,.. _ .
l. 60'":90 em
2·,... ·3·
[)
Add.~l1g 5% of Heignt
II 80';":;90°
The tQe should be drilled at closer hole
spacing and successivel" broken from the front row.
No drilling will cause poor breakage.
-~-
CD
5% of Height
The front holes lup to sixth row} may be simultaneously filled in. It is more effective tor the
removal to fill In <D holes and then ead! two rows (@,@I after a deray of 6 ~ 20 hours.
6 Trenching and Tunneling
111 V-cut
38-51 mm
d 111....-2..
Rei iever holes are necessary
when tnmch is deep. 
 Repeat the same procedure for deeper case.
I.
30-6Ocm
1'-2'
D
1-1.Bm
3'-6'
(Crackedl
Il 45-60"
o
Fill jn(j)holss and lhen(2)holes aher delaying.
(21 V-cut - i3) Burn Cut
::_::::0
>1.5m IS'l 0-+- 0-- 0j o () Q o
j
()-O> 0-- 0- o
f()-->. 0-- 0--.... 0 o 0
" o
o " 0
o ()
Pill in (i) holes and then ®
and ® after delaying.
38-51mm
Face
L
..-..
!Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
laoooooooo o
Q ~Rellver
&X50(xXXXX l~ 0 Hole
0000000000
0000000000
+---B-u-(-~-C::-U-l--·
>1.Sm IS')
d 1:y.."-2"
L, 40-60cm
1'4" ~ 2'
38-44mm
d
1Yl·'.....,1"1~"
3D-60em
,4 30~40cm
. 1'-1'4"
L
1'~2'
1-1.8m
0
3'-6'
For horizon'tal holes, drill them with some slope
tc; ~e\p in fillIng.
8

<<<PAGE 12>>>

Mar IS 03 10:34a Daigh Compan~ 7708873783 p.S
1 Generar Concept for 2 Generar Concept for
Concrete Reinforced Concrete
q:-
L L
0 () <I G
R-o (1)0 til o 0
• D e o 0 a
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 G 0 0 G 0 G 0
o "
" "
00"
" .0
" ~ 0
o •
~ 0 0
000 • 0 " .. 0
\
{
0
1
38-44tnm
d
d 1'" ,,, " 1%"-1%"
4fr-.-SOCm'L
.,,­ 1'4"-2'
35mm
3S-44mm
lW'-1%"
1' ..:7', 2!r25em
:':8~";10":' 30-:40tm
·",'''-1 '4"
0 70% of Heigftt
0
90% oH:leight .. '
When vertieai drilling is difficult, drill d and L depend On both quantity of
horizontal holes wi1il $Offill $lope. reifOlCed steel and shape of lhat.
3 Mass Concrete 4 Pile Foundatic;m
(Bridge pier and Foundation etc.)
I I
<I a
r I
o 0
1
o
I
HoYi«lnrnl hole
Reinforced Steel
iRemovedl
Cutting Line CLJHing Line 20~25cm
{S"-10"l
20-25
I., t--:::..;;....-"'-._Fill
in ® holes and then til holes
after delaying.
9

<<<PAGE 13>>>

Mar 19 03 10:37a Daigh Compan~ 7708873783 p.l0
5 Thick Wall
When perpendicular cracks to wall face are necessary:
. Cracks propagate along wall face
t. I J
f. j'
t, "
t t f I
't I J
: l I ~
.: ::
:: !I
I.
38-44mm
Add a reliever hole.
Spl!!:ing may be 10cm 14'1
though 20em (a').
Drill larger d ot holes.
6 Pier, Bridge Foundation. Retaining Wall
Drilling depends on a shape of structu re
and a circumstance.
t1) Male: jog ot large bloek; \'2) 1IIIal<ing ot small p',eces; (3) Wall is very high; 14) Foundation is th'u:k,
Secondary breaking with Drilling is only from one side, Vertical drilling is difficult. Secondary breaking with large
large rock breaker. rock breaker.
Side
View
I' ," I:, I
'. b
,,
,,
,'
, I
"
I,
II
I,
"
I'
'
,
Iil
I' , :'
, '
' I '
.
.,
I,
"
" " S
I'
,,
.,
" " I,
,I , I ' .
,I
, I J I
.1 --0-0----00,1 01' 0'1 0 ,I
I' "
-0-0--0--0~ P, ~ --0-0--0-I'
,,
(} 1,0 0 !fo -0-0--0............0,
'I f
,,
"
I, " , I
!, : I
--0--0---0-..
,
,
0
I
0
I
I
9
0
I
9
)
0
I
0
t
c
I
0
I
0
!
9
10

<<<PAGE 14>>>

Mar 19 03 10:37a Daigh Compan~ 7708873783 p. 11
7 Zone Demolishing {Pillar. Beam. Wall}
(1) Stagged Arrangement (Pillar)
Id
38-44mm
1;!."-1~"
IL i
30~ 4O<:m
1'-1'4"
1 D , 90% of Width or Height I f--~ 0
L
--
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0
o 0 0
""-
~..• ,
, -':'
R'9"~
- -j
D
Horizontal or 1 m:linated Hale (60 -
80~1
!21 X Figure Arrangement (Pillar, WaH)
o 90% of Width or Height
C3l Cross Drilling (Beam)
Beam
2 L
Piller
.
J-o
•
II!I " o
>30crn ('!')
Cutting Line
Try to set safel",' Zone 10 avoid
pinar cracking,
38-44mm =1d 1----.
lY.,"-1%"
30-4Qcm
L
Damage
Region
1'-1'4~'
;D 90% of Width or Height
IJ 60-800
- I
11

<<<PAGE 15>>>

Mar 19 03 10:39a Daigh Compan~ 7708873783 p. 12
8 General Concept for Thin Concrete (Wall, Slab) L
----
11
Crack width of the front ..-ow is opened much Openning Face
larger than that of the behind rows. I
Square Arrangement
Staggered
Arrangement
21 Avoid diagonal crack
d.
32-38mrn. .1~:',,:,-1%"
d, 25mm 1"
32-38mm
1~"-1~"
25":3Ocin
L,
L, 10"~1'
1(Jcm 4"- . 10-15cm
4"-6"·
The cu IVature at
corner (R) should be
more than 15crn (6't
-
L"d,
31 Splitting of Wall
3a-44I'm!1:~:.
d..
~SteelBar
! , I
! I
25"'3Ocm
L 1-1
- --":-_"":"1--' .---1
0
:
!
I
,
,
'
&lUliTe
/ Arrangement
? ? ~ ~>XX'!
~ ? ?
Cros$ Section
12

<<<PAGE 16>>>

Mar 19 03 10:39a Daigh Compan:::f 7708873783 p.13
I 38-44mm
d
41 Splitting of Slab , Staggered Arrangement 2 Square Arrangement
L'
L, .. ..
t -
r r 1 1 ~
T ~
Q 0
q 0 0 0
l~ ,
L'l ,
t l 1 1 ! !
"
Q C
L, <L.,
L,~L;'
1~"-1%#
L, 25- 30 em
10" -1'
d
L'
51 Establishment of free surface
In stead of Bum Cut (chapter 6
of Rock), cross driUiI1!1 may be
----- ----
used to establish the free surface ". -
...
... _-----...
.,..----_.... _--_
..... _-....
for wall case. \
t ~
,
J
I
•
.
)
r r t T. r r t ,
38-44mm I
,
,
,,1 %"-1}!''' 1
.. :a9.~~5cm,
'+ + 1 f +
r
,"S"+,l(),rt', ..
I
1
~ • ..-.--------\-----'
, r r r i
I
·
•
•
,
.._-_-.------
...
...
_
Damage Region
by IlRISTAR
\
I
t
~
.
,
,
-----.
9 Delay 'Filling
Fill in CD holes lind then (V holes after delaving.
ISee 2, 6 of Rock:, and 3 of Concrete" This am
be applied for controlling of a crack direction.
Bridge Pier
o 0 0
o 0 (Vo a
Cutting direction
13

<<<PAGE 17>>>

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
(Conforms to the ANSI Z400.5.2004 Standard)
SECTION 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT &COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
Product Identifier: Da-mite"" Rock Splitting Mortar (Da-mite).
Non Explosive Demolition Mortar
Product Use: For controlled, silent, non-vibration demolition of stone, rock, and
concrete.
Manufacturer's!Supplier's Name: Daigh Company Inc.
Address: 2393 Canton Hwy, Suite 400, Cumming, GA 30040
Emergency Telephone #: 770-886-4711
Date MSDS Prepared September 24, 2010
SECTION 2 - COMPOSITION
Hazardous Ingredients (specific) % CAS Number
Calcium Oxide (CaO) 85-95 1305-78-8
Silicon Dioxide (Si02) 4-9 60676-0
Iron Oxide (Fe304) 1.5-3 1309-37-1
Aluminum Oxide (AI203) 1-5 1344-28-1
Sulfur Trioxide (S03) 0.5-3 7704-34-9
Toxicological Data on Calcium Oxide LD50: Not Available LC50: Not Available
OSHA PEL for calcium oxide - 5 mg!m"
ACGIH TLV for calcium oxide - 2 mg/m"
SECTION 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Emergency Overview: Danger! Harmful if swallowed or inhaled. Causes burns to skin and eyes.
Causes severe irritation to the respiratory tract, characterized by burning,
sneezing and coughing. Inflammation of the eyes is characterized by redness,
waterinq and itchinq.
SECTION 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with water for a period of 15 minutes. Pull back the eyelid to make
sure all the dust has been washed out. Seek medical attention immediately.
Skin: Flush exposed area with large amounts of water. Seek medical attention immediately.
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. Seek medical attention if necessary.
Ingestion: Give large quantities of water or fruit juice. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical attention
immediately.
Note to
physicians:
Provide general supportive measures and treat symptomatically.
MSDS: Da-mite Rock Splitting Mortar (Da-mite). Non Explosive Demolition Mortar REV: 9/24/10
(Conforms to the ANSI Z400.5.2004 Standard) Page lof4

<<<PAGE 18>>>

SECTION 5 - FIREFIGHTING MEASURES
Fire Hazards:
Da-mite is not combustible or flammable. However Da-mite reacts
with water releasing sufficient heat to ignite highly combustible
materials in certain instances. Da-mite is not an explosion hazard.
However' reaction with water or other combustible material causes
the material to swell and may rupture containers.
Hazardous Combustion Products: !\lone identified.
Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical fire extinguisher. Do not use water or halogenated
compounds, except that water may be used to deluge small amounts
of Da-mite.
SECTION 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Spill/Leak Procedures: Do not use water on bulk material spills.
Small Spills:
Use dry methods to collect spilled materials. Do not clean up with
compressed air. Store spilled materials in dry, sealed, plastic or metal
containers. Do not store clean up residuals in aluminum containers.
Surfaces contaminated with residual amounts may be washed down with
water.
Large Spills:
Use dry methods to collect spilled materials. Evacuate area downwind of
clean-up operations to avoid dust exposure. Store spilled materials in
dry, sealed, plastic or metal containers. Do not store clean up residuals in
aluminum containers.
Containment: For large spills avoid the generation of dust. Do not release into sewers
or waterways.
Clean-up:
Residual amounts can be flushed with large amounts of water.
Equipment can be decontaminated by washing either in mild vinegar and
water solution, or detergent and water solution.
SECTION 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling: Keep in tightly closed containers. Protect from phYSical damage. Avoid direct
contact with material.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry and well ventilated location. Keep stored Da-mite away from
moisture. Do not store or ship in aluminum containers.
SECTION 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLSfPERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
Airborne Exposure Limits:
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits
(PEL)
5 mg/m" (TWA)
ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV) 2 mg/m;J
MSDS: Dil-mite Rock Splitting Mortar (Da-mite). Non Explosive Demolition Mortar REV: 9/24/10
(Conforms to the ANSI Z400.5.2004 Standard) Page 2 of 4

<<<PAGE 19>>>

Ventilation System: A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee
exposures below the airborne exposure limits.
Personal Respirators (NIOSH Approved): If the exposure limit is exceeded and engineering controls are not feasible a
full-face piece particulate respirator (NIOSH Type N100 Filters) may be worn.
Skin Protection: Use an approved water resistant barrier cream. Wear impervious protective
clothing, including boots, gloves, head protection and approved eye
protection, long-sleeves, apron or coveralls to prevent skin contact.
Eye Protection: Use chemical safety glasses/goggles and/or full-face shield where dusting or
splashing of solutions is possible. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick
drench facilities in the work area.
Footwear: Resistant to caustic solutions.
SECTION 9 - PHYSICAL &CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Appearance: Light gray powder
Odor: Odorless
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water with the release of heat and formation of
calcium hydroxide
Specific Gravity: 3.2 - 3.4
pH: 10 (1 % solution of DB-mite in water)
% Volatiles by volume at 21 C (70F): 0
SECTION 10 - STABILITY &REACTIVITY
Stability: Chemically stable. Unlike normal Calcium Oxide which reacts quickly with
water, De-mite is specially kilned to provide a hard outer coating which
allows slow penetration of water resulting in a controlled reaction,
expansion and heat evolution to take place. This process generates the
highest tensile forces necessary to split rock.
Hazardous Decomposition
Products:
No hazardous decomposition products
Incompatibilities: DB-mite should not be mixed or stored with the following materials due to
the potential for violent reaction and heat: Acids, reactive fluorinated
compounds, reactive brominated compounds, reactive powdered metals,
organiC acid anhydrides, nitro organic compounds and reactive
phosphorous compounds.
Conditions to Avoid: Air, moisture and incompatibles.
SECTION 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
No LD50/LC50 has been identified for the components of De-mite. The main component is calcium oxide
which is not listed b MSHA, OSHA, or IARC as a carcino en.
MSOS: Oil-mite Rock Splitting Mortar (Oa-mite). Non Explosive Demolition Mortar REV: 9/24/10
(Conforms to the ANSI Z400.5.2004 Standard) Page 3 of 4
I
- **truncated:** false
- **body characters:** 36991