{"operation":"document","citation":"98-0544","title":"nternational Air Transportation — Hazardous Materials Safety Interpretation","source_type":"guidance","agency":"Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration","status":"guidance","official":true,"published_on":"1998-06-11","effective_on":null,"summary":"98-0544 response to nternational Air Transportation concerning 173.185.","machine_formats":{"json":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-interpretation-98-0544.json","markdown":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-interpretation-98-0544.md"},"app_url":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-interpretation-98-0544","source_url":"https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/legacy/interpretations/Interpretation%20Files/1998/980544.pdf","body":"<<<PAGE 1>>>\n\nSep. 12 '94\n8:56 0000\nSANFAX725 SERIES\nTEL\nPAGE 01\ni\nUS. Deporimert\nal tansportation\n•\nSpecial Pragrams\nResearch ora\nAdministration\nNẾC 27 1969\nDe. Sunder 1. Holsky\nPrenideat\n950 De Boco Road\nAngus Eaterpelner, Jac.\nSuite 9-8\nHoex Racon, 8ll 93432\n•\n•\n• Deer DI, Hodsky:\n•\nrais La 1a zesponda ta yous letter of Deceaber 11, 1989, Iegarding e eell\nidestitied as Sony 03-61 produced by Sony Suergyter.\nBased or the inforetion you lure grovided, cha cells nin got considered\nHitbium betteries, or batteries filled vich\nerassportacion in the vaiced Scates, the baccorles would ba conridered\nacid at rikali. Tor\n\"BeIGery, dIy\" usd not subject to the Department of Irenaportacion (DOI)\ndererdous Macerlala Regulations,\nSincerely,\n1 Suasne Negepet\nChief, Exemptione Branch\nGuzánde Rodrepect\noffice of Hererdour Meteriels\nIrenaportatios\nATTN: JACKiE SMITH\n\n<<<PAGE 2>>>\n\nJun.\n2'94\n8:52 0000\nSANYO_ENERGY USA\nTEL619-661-6620\nPAGE 01\nFAX TRANSMISSION\nSANYO Energy (U.S.A.) Corporation\n2001 Sanyo Ave., San Diego, CA 92173\n(619) 661-6620\n(619) 661-6743\nDate:\nJune 2, 1994\nFax No.:\n(202)366-3753\nTo:\nMr. Anthony Lima\nCompany: US DOT\nPages to Follow: A\nFrom:\nJim Ross\nSubject:\nMr Lima.\nAs we discussed this morning over the phone, 1 discussed this situation with Harpreet\nSingh of the exemption branch to determine a course of action that would assist Sanyo\nin classifying this battery. Although it is a carbon based battery it will be marketed\nunder the name of Lithium Ion. As I stated in my cover letter, no lithium metal is\npresent at any time, but with the \"Lithlum\" marketing name it will be difficult for carriers\nto understand without a clear ruling from the DOT.\nWe have requested and received a determination on our Nickel Cadmium products\nand I will send you a copy of that ruling. Since the construction of the lithium ion battery\nis similar, and only the chemistry is different, Sanyo felt a similar determination could be\nmade.\nHowever, if this is not possible would we qualify for an exemption under 49CFR Part\n173.185i. This subject was broached with exemptions branch, but no ruling was made.\n1 am requesting your assistance in this matter and offer any additional information you\nmay require.\nPrivacy Notice: This message is intended only for the use of the individual or entity to which it is\naddressed and may contain information that is privileged, confidential or exempt from disclosure under\napplicable Federal or State laws. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient or the\nnotified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited.\nemployee or agent responsible for delivering the message to the intended recipient, you are hereby\nthe orginal message to us at the above address via regular mail.\nIf you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by telephone and return\n(Untilled) JUNE 2, 1994 9:21 AM\n\n<<<PAGE 3>>>\n\nJun.\n2'94 8:53 0000\n! SANYO_ENERGY USA\nTEL619-661-6620\nPAGE 02\nUS Deportment\nof Transportation\nSpecial Progroms\nResearch and\nAdminisiration\n•\nJUL 2 6 1993\nMI. Jim Ross\nLogistics Manager\n200i Sanyo Avenue\nSanyo Eneigy Corp.\nSan Diego, CA\n92173\nDeaI MI. Ross:\nThis is In response to your FAXE dated May 3 and 20, 1993\nregarding classification of new and spent small, sealed,\nrechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries (nicads) .\nseveral sizes, Itom AA to D cells, and often are combined to\nNicads\nare in\nform a battery pack.\napplications such as in flashlights, handheld vacuua cleaners,\nNicads are used in many household\ncomputers, cellular telephones, and\npower tools.\nthat new sealed nickel cadmium batteries may be Classed as dry\nBased on the information you provided, It is our determination\nbatteries.\nrequirements of the Hazardous Materials Regulations (49 CFR\nDry batteries are not subject to any of the\nParts 171-180) -\nthat meet the definition of hazardous waste in § 171.8 must be\nHowever, spent sealed nickel cadmium batteries\nshipped using either of the following basic descriptions:\nHazardous waste, solid, n.o.s., 9, NA3077, III\nOX\nWaste Environmentally hazardous substances,\nsolid, n.o.5., 9, NA3077, III\nIf we\n• can be of further assistance, please feel free to contact\nSincerely,\nLim. I things,\nDelmer F. Billings\nActing Deputy Director, Office of\nHazardous Materials Standards\n\n<<<PAGE 4>>>\n\n•\nApplied P & ChLaboratory\n1086 I. Mineion Elvd, Pomoon, CA 21766\nAPCL Analytical Report\nTol: (908) 822-8148\nFax: (809) 622.5189\nSubmitted to:\nService ID #: 801-942387\nReceived: 04/14/94\nSanyo Energy: (LSA) Corporation\nCollected by:\nTested: 04/29/91\nAttention: Anne Mossbarger\nCollected on:\nReported : 04/29/94\n2001 Sanyo Arc.\nSample descriprion:\nSan Diego, CA 92173\nBettery\nTel: (619)661-8820 Fax: (619)681-8743\nCharacterization of Waste - Ignitability\n801-942387 Page 1 of 1\nIgnitability (Flashpoint)\nIles #2 ulstion §261.21, 40 CFR, Characterictic of Ignitability, states that if a waste is ant a liquid and in capable, -\nunder standard temperature and pressure, of causing fire through friction, absorption of moisture or spontaneous\nchemical changes and, when ignited, burns so vigorously and persistently that it creates a hazard, then it exhibits\nthe characteristic of ignitability.\nSince this sample is not a liquid or a gas, but a solid, only Item #2 of the ignitability criteria would apply to the\nsample. It is highly unlikely, under normal conditions, that this solid material would spontaneously ignite, or burn\nso pereietently to create a hazard, thus, item #2's criteria do nor suhstantiate ignitability.\nRespectfully submitted,\nJack Zhang, Ph.D.\nApplied P &: Ch Laboratory\nCADHS ELAP CERTIFICATION NUMBER 1431\n\n<<<PAGE 5>>>\n\n333 Plingsten Road\n(708) 272-8800\nNorthbrook, Illinois 60062-2096\nFAX No. (708) 272-8129\nMCI Mail No. 254-3343\nUnderwriters Laboratories, \"UNHORIZATION TO APPIX THE UL MARK\nTelex No. 6502543343\nNorthbrook Office\nApril 14, 1994\nIO: Sanyo Energy Corporation\n2001 Sanyo Avenue\nSan Diego, CA 92173\nAttn: Mr. Ken Goto\nour Reference: File Mh 12383, Project 93NK31781\nDear Mr. Goto,\nWe have completed our engineering investigation under the\napplicable requirements.\nabove project number and find the product complies with the\nInspection Procedure and serves as authorization to apply the\nThis letter temporarily supplements the UL Follow-Up Services\ndescribed below:\nUl Recognition mark to the above products constructed as\nAccording to the attached addendum.\nof this Notice.\nnis authorization is effective for 90 days only from the dat\nprepared and will be sent to you in the near future.\necords covering the product are now bein\nProducts produced which bear the UL Mark shall be identical\nUL's requirements.\nVery truly yours,\nReviewed by:\nNazy\nM. D. smith\nSenior Project 2509)\nEngineering Services\nEngineer\nEngineering\n.. P. Allen\n(43103)\nEngineering Services\nGroup Leader\nA not-for-profit organization\ndedicated to public safety and\nmommitted in muslit contine\n\n<<<PAGE 6>>>\n\n..=\n:\nADDENDUM\nGENERAL:\nRecognition has been established under the Lithium Battery\nBBCV2, in accordance with UL 1642 for your\nUser-replaceable applications. The cells are constructed\naccording to the attached documents.\n‚1sting has been established for your battery pack models\nJR 18650-2 and UR 18650-3 (which consist of 2 and 3 UR 1865(\ncells in a plastic enclosure respectively) under the\naccordance with UL 2054.\nHousenold and Commercial Battery Category, BBFS, in\naccording to the attached documents.\nThe battery packs are constructed\n:\n\n<<<PAGE 7>>>\n\n:\n1/3\n-\n1. Compositon material of Sanyo lithiun ion battery\nPositive electrode\n; LiCOO=\n( Lithium cobaltate )\nNegative electrode: Graphite\n• (Natural graphite )\n:\nElectrolyte : {EC + DEC / LiPF.\nThe above is malin composition material, and no lithium metal is issed.\n2. Cell reaction of lithium ion battery is as belon\n< Charge >\nLiCo0=\n+\n→ Li <1-x)Co0s + LixC\n¡(Positive electrode) (Negative electrode)\nDischafge >\n+ Li (1-x) CoDe + LixC\nAt this time,\nfigure 1 and 2 shows the structure of active material in each\nelectrod.\nF48.1\nPositive electrode\nFig. 2 Negative electrode\n(LiCO0: )\n(Graphite ) •\nIn this, Lithium is ionization state in the graphite.\nFrom this result, state of the Lithium is different from lithium metal\nbecause is not metallic bond such as Li-Li.\nNexit, there ate some reports about the state of lithium in the crystal\nstructure\nof graphite, and the test result of Sanyo is as below.\n\n<<<PAGE 8>>>\n\n2/3\nMeasurement result\n•\n:\n(Method)\n-\nAfter the battery charged, the state of Lithium in the negative electrode\nwas measured by the method of ESCA(Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical\nAnalysis),\n(Sample)\n(A) Lithium metal\n(B) Lithium in half charged battery (negative electrode graphite)\n(C) Lithium in full charged battery\n(\n)\n!\n(D) Lithium in fuil charged battery\n(negative electrode: coke\n)\n(E) Lithium in comparison Li, COs\n(ion state of lithium\n(Result)\nTable 1. show the\n: results\nTable 1. Binding energy of lithium\n:\nState of lithium\nBinding energy\n(A)\nLithium metal\n53. 9eV\n•\n(B)\nLithium in half\n54. 6eV\ncharged battery\n(C)L thium in full\n54. 8eV\ncharged battery\n(D)L) thium in full\n54. 8eV\nCharged battery\n(E)\nLi= CO,\n55. 0eV\n(ion state)\n:\nWe measured the bihding energy of lithium in charged battery by ESCA in order\nto clarify the state of the lithium.\nThe results are shown in this table 1.\nThese sugsests that metal state of lithium dose not exist in both half and\nfull charged batteries.\n\n<<<PAGE 9>>>\n\n•\n•\n:\n. 3/3\n3. Test item of DOT\nTable 2 show the test result.\n:\nTable 2. Test result of DOI\nTest item\nCriterion\nResult\nJudgement\nOven test\nno leakage, distrotion.\nno problem.\nShort circuit\nno vent.\nVibration\nno out-gassing, leakage,\nShock test\nVacuum test\n...\nThis table a shorin the results are satisfied with requirements of DOT.\n:\n....\n•\n\n<<<PAGE 10>>>\n\nMaterial\nSafety Data Sheet\nOSHA's Hazard Comunication Standard 29 CFR 1910. 1200.\nIDENTITY\nLithium Ion Battery\nModel : UR18650\nSECTION I\nSupplier's Name :\nSANYO Electric Co., Ltd. Japan\nEmergency Telephone Number\nSANYO Energy (USA) Corporation\nSANYO Energy (Europe Corporate Gubtl\n2001 Sanyo Ave., San Diego\nHans-Stiessberger Strasse 2b, 8013 Haar,\nCalifornia92173\nTEL (619) 661-6620\nGermany TEL (089)-4600950\nDate Prepared: Apr. 27 1994\nSECTION II - Hazardous Ingredients/Identity Information\nOSHA PEL\nACGIH TLV\nCAS#\nLithium Cobaltate\n(LiCOD:)\nNone Established\n12190-79-3\nGraphite\n(C)\n2.5 mg/m\"\n2.5 ng/m®\n7782-42-5\n(as dust\n( As dust )\nEthylene Carbonate\n(EC)\nNone Established\n96-49-1\n* Diethyl Carbonate\n(DEC)\nNone Established\n105-58-8\nLithium Hexafluoro Phosphate\n2.5 mg/m°\n17084-13-8\nNone Established. (as Flourine)\nPoly Vinylidine difluoride (PVdF).\nNone Established\n24937-79-9\nWeight of lithium per cell :\n0g\nSECTION III-Physical/Chemical Characteristics\nBoiling Point : (°C)\n: EC-244, DEC-126\nVapor pressure : (mmg)\n: EC-O. 01, DEC-10\nVapor Density: (AIR=1)\n: DEC-4.07,\nSolubility in fater:\n: EC:-complete, DEC-complete, LiPF,:complete\nSpecific Gravity : (Hz0=1)\n: LiC00s-4.95, Graphite-2. 09~2.2\nEC-1.32, DEC-O.975, LiPF,-1.33\nMelting Point: (C)\n: LiCo0:-about 1130, LiPF -160, EC-36\nAppearance and Odor:\n: LiCoDe is a black, odorless powder.\nC is a black, odorless ponder.\nDEC is a colorless or light yellow liquid.\nEC is a hite solid.\nLiPF. is a white and crystalline, odorless ponder.\n\n<<<PAGE 11>>>\n\n•\n•\n:\nMATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET\nType\n-\nSystem\nC/LiCoO/org. elyi\nVolts\n3. 6 V\nCapacity\nWeight\n:\n1200 mAh\n37.9 g\n1. INGREDIENTS\n1. 1 ACTIVE MATERIALS\nAPPROXIMATE PERCENT\nOF TOTAL WEIGH\n%\nLIthium Cobaltate (LiCoOz)\n26.9\nEthylene Carbonate (EC)\n6.9\nDiethyl Carbonate (DEC)\n7.4\nLithium Hexa Fhoro PhospHate (LiPF.)\n1.6\nGraphite (C)\n15.?\nPigment Carbon (C)\n0.6\nPOly Vinylidene di Flvoride (PVdF)\n1.4\n•\n1.2 PASSIVE MATERIALS\nAPPROXIMATE PERCENT\n•\nOF TOTAL WEIGHT\nBASE METAL steel\n17.4\n:\nAluminum\nsheet\n•\n4.0\nCopper\nsheet\n12.1\nOTHERS\nplastic\n6.5\nSANYO Electric Co.,\nLtd.\n\n<<<PAGE 12>>>\n\nSECTION I-Fire and Explosion Hazard Data\nFlash Point (Method Used) : DEC=25(°C)\nExtinguishing Media\n: Hater\nFlammable Limits\n: Not Available\nSpecial Fire Fighting Procedure :\n-\nIn case of fire in an adjacent area, use mater, CO, or dry chemical\nextingwshers if cell are packed in their original containers since the\nfuel of the fire is basically paper products. For bulk quantities of\nunpackaged cell use LITH-X (Graphite Base). In this case, use no mater.\nSECTION V-Reactivity Data\nStability: Stable\nConditions to Avoid: Do not heat or disassemble or overcharge.\nHazardous Decomposition or Byproducts : N/A\nHazardous polymerization will not occur.\nSECTION VI-Health Hazard Data\nRoutes of Entry:\nInhalation? Yes\nSkin\n? Yes\nIngestion? Yes\nHealth Hazards (Acute and Chronic) :\nThese chemicals are contained in a sealed can. Risk of exposure occurs\nonly it the battery is mechanically or electrically abused. The most\nlikely risk is acute exposure when a cell vents. DEC is believed to be\nslightly to moderately toxic, and EC is considered to be non-toxic but\nmoderately irritating to the eyes. LiPF. is irritating to skin, eyes and\navoided.\nmucous membranes. Contact of electrolyte with skin and eyes should be\nCarcinogenicity :\nNTP : None IARC Monograph : None OSHA Regulated : None\nSigns/Symptoms of Exposure :\nDME may be a reproductive hazard.\n:\nMedical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure :\nAn acute exposure will not generally aggravate any medical condition.\nEmergenby & First Aid Procedures :\nIn case of skin contact with contents of battery, flush immediately with\nwater. For eye contact, flush with copious amount of water of 15 minutes.\nDo not inhale vented material. If irritation persist, get medical help.\n-?.-\n\n<<<PAGE 13>>>\n\n•\nSECTION VII -Precautions for Safe Handling and Use\nSteps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled :\n\"he preferred responce is to leave the area and allow batteries to coo\nand vapors to dissipate.\nAvoid skin and eye contact or inhalation of\nväpors. Remove spilled liquid mith absorbent and incinerate.\n-\n•\nWaste Disposal Method:\nDispose in accordance with appropriate regulations.\nOpen cells should be treated as hazardous mastes.\nPrecoutions to Be Taken in Handling an Storing :\nAvoid mechamical or electrical abuse.\nOther Precoutions :\nBatteries may explode or cause burn, if disassembled, crushed, or\nexposed to fire or high temperature. Do not short nor install with\nincorrect polarity.\nSECTION VII-Control Measure\nRespiratory Protection (Specify Type) :\nNot necessary under conditions of normal use.\nVentilation:\nNot necessary under conditions of normal use.\nProtective Gloves :\nNot necessary under conditions of normal use.\nEye protection:\nNot necessary under conditions of normal use.\nOther Protective Clothing or Equipment :\nNot necessary under conditions of normal use.\n:\n- 3 -\n\n<<<PAGE 14>>>\n\nCONFIDENTIAL\nMATERIAL COMPOSITION FOR SANYO'S LI-ION RECHARGEABLE BATTERY\nModel: UR18650\nDescription\nChenical Fornula\nReight (gram)\nWeight (%\n1. Positive Electrode\n• Lithium Cobaltate\nLiCODa\n10.2 g\n• Carbon\n0.68\n• Poly Fluoro Vinylidine\n- (CH 2-CF=).-\n0.5 g\n• Aluminum Sheet\nAl\n1.5 g\n33.8 %\n2. Negative Electrode\n• Graphite\n5.4 g\n• Copper Sheet\nCu\n4.6 g\n26.4%\n3. Separator\n• Poly Ethylene\n-(CH,-CHz) =\n1.28\n3. 2 ;\n4. Electrolyte\n• Ethylene Carbonate\n2.6 g\n• Diethyl Carbonate\n(C=HsO) =CO\n2.8 g\n.. Lithium Hexa Fluoro Phosphate\nLiPF.\n0.6 g\n15.8%\n5. Insulating Plate\nCH3\n• Poly Propylene\n• -(CHz-CH2).-\n0.28\n0. 53\n6. Outer Can\nFe-Ni\n6.68\n17.4\n7. Sealing Cover\nAl and Fe-Ni\n1.0g\n2.6\n8. Gasket\n• Poly Propylene\n- (CH=-CH2). -\n0.18\n0.3\nCH s\nTOTAL\n37.9 g\n100\n:\n\n<<<PAGE 15>>>\n\n•\n•\n:\n333 Plingsten Road\n(708) 272-8800\nNorthbrook, illinois 60062-2096\nFAX No. (708) 272-8129\nUL Underwriters Laboratories Inc. s\nMCI Mail No 254-3343\nTelex No. 6502543343\n5/ 4/1994\nSANYO ENERGY (U S A) CORP\nType.\nR\nUL REPRESENTATIVE\nFile No.\nMH12383\npublic safety\n2001 SANYO AVE\nProject No. 93NK31781\n1894-1994\nSAN DIEGO\nCA 92173\nPRODUCT: LITHIUM BATTERIES - COMPONENT\nThe following material resulting from the investigation under the above\nnumbers is enclosed (see attached Addendum or below for page numbers):\nAdditional section for Follow-üp Service Procedure.\nRevised or new pages and illustrations for Follow-Up Service Procedure.\nPlease file revised pages and illustrations in place of material of\nlike identity. New material should be filed in its proper numerical order.\nPlease review this material and report any inaccuracies to MARTIN SMITH\next. 42509 referring to the above project number.\nUNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.\n-\nEnclosure: Rpt\ncc: UL INSPECTION CENTER TOKYO\nSANYO ELECTRIC CO LTD, HYOGO 656, JAPAN\ndedicated to public safety and\nA not-for-profit organization\ncommitted in aliu spru.re\n\n<<<PAGE 16>>>\n\n3.\n•\n:\n•\nUNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.\nmrs\nADDENDUM TO TRANSMITTAL LETTER\nFile\nMH12383\nProject\n93NK31781\nRevised Date\n5-4-94\n•\nReport\nDate\nVol.\nSec.\nRevised or New Material\n-\n1\nIndex\nRevised Page I\n-\nApp. A Revised\nPage 5\n5-4-94\n1\n6\nAll Issued\n\n<<<PAGE 17>>>\n\n:\n-\n-.-..\n333 Pfingsten Road\n(708) 272-8800\nNorthbrook. Illinois 60062-2096\nFAX No. (708) 272-8129\nUL) Underwriters Laboratories Inc. s\nMCI Mail No. 254-3343\nTelex No. 6502543343\npublic safety\n1894-1994\nFile MH12383\nProject 93NK31781\n•\nMay 4, 1994\nREPORT\non\nCOMPONENT - LITHIUM BATTERIES\nSanyo Electric\nSan Diego, CA\nCopyright @ 1994 Underwriters Laboratories Inc.\nUnderwriters Laboratories Inc. authorizes the above named\ncompany to reproduce this Report provided it is reproduced\nin its entirety.\nUnderwriters Laboratories Inc.\nauthorizes the above named\ncompany\nof this\nto reproduce that portion of\nCover Page through Page 4.\nthis Report consisting\nPC Lbry:\nMDS/JPA: mrs\nA not-for-profit organization\ndedicated to public safety anc\ncommitted to quality service\n\n<<<PAGE 18>>>\n\n=\n•\n•\nFile MH12383\nvol. 1 Sec. 6\nand Report\nPage l\nIssued: 5-4-94\nDESSRIZIION\nPRODUCT COVERED:\nModel UR-18650 lithium ion rechargeable cell.\nGENERAL DESCRIPTION:\nModel UR-18650 lithium ion batteries consist of carbon as a\nnegative electrode material and lithium metal oxide as a positive\nelectrode material. The voltage of lithium ion batteries is\n3.6 V which is about three times that of Ni-Cd and\nnickel-hydrogen batteries.\nenergy density, these batteries are suited as power supplies,\nWith their high voltage and high\nparticularly\nCarbon material as\n• for compact, light and thin portable equipments.\nlithium lon batteries safer than secondary batteries that use\na negative electrode material not only make\nlithium metal, but also exempt the batteries from dangerous\nmaterial regulations published by the U.S. Department of\nTransportation.\nour own\nunique highly crystallized graphite as a\nnegative electrode material provides the lithium ion batteries\nany conventional lithium\nwith a higher energy density and a flatter discharge curve than\nion battery.\nELECTROCHEMISTRY:\nvoltage of 3.6 V. The cell reactions are as follows:\nThese cells are rechargeable and have a nominal open circuit\nPositive\nelectrode\nCharge\n\"ie Meansition metal\nDischarge\nNegative electrode\nC+×Li*+xé\nCharge\n→\n& Discharge\nLINC\nTotal Reaction\nLiMeO_+C\n•Discharge\nPC Lbry:\nMDS/JPA: mrs\n\n<<<PAGE 19>>>\n\n•\n•\nFile MH12383\nvol. I\nand Report\nSec.\n6\nPage 2\nIssued: 5-4-94\nENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS (NOT FOR FIELD REPRESENTATIVE'S USE):\nthe combination is determined by Underwriters Laboratories Inc:\nUse. - For use only in products where the acceptability of\nConditions of Acceptability - The use of these cells may be\nconsidered generally acceptable under the conditions given below:\nas described below.\n1.\nThe cells are identified in accordance with \"Marking\"\nbatteries are to be used only in devices where servicing of the\nUnless the conditions of Par. 2A are met, these\nbattery circuit and replacement of the lithium battery will be\ndone by a trained technician.\nThese batteries are acceptable for use in\nuser-replaceable applications when used in accordance with the\nfollowing:\n2A.1 The end product must be designed to prevent reverse\nis reversed, the short- or open-circuiting of anya\n• installation of the battery, or if the battery\nnot result in forced-discharge of the battery.\nprotective component, one component at a time, shall\n2A.2 The end product shall contain a permanent marking\nadjacent to the battery stating the following:\n\"Replace Battery With (Battery Manufacturer's Name or\nEnd-Product Manufacturer's Name), Part No. (\nFire\nOnly. Use Of Another Battery May Present A Risk Of\nInstructions.\"\nOr Explosion. See Owner's Manual For Safety\nIf it is not feasible to include the above marking on the\nCottong gra perating lot safety instructions for (pe the\n•\n•\nMDS/JPA: MIS\nPC Lbry:\n\n<<<PAGE 20>>>\n\n....\n-\n•\nFile MH12383\nVol. 1\nSec.\n6\nand Report\nPage 3\nIssued: 5-4-94\n2A.3 The instruction manual supplied with the end product\nshall also contain the above warning notice along with\ninstructions to the user as to where replacement\nbatteries can be obtained.\nThe instruction manual\nshall also contain the following additional warning\nA..\nCaution: The battery used in this device may\npresent a fire or chemical burn hazard if\nmistreated.\n(212°F) or incinerate.\nDo not disassemble, heat above 100°C\nComplete instructions as to how to replace the\nbattery ending with the statement:\nused battery promptly. Keep away from children.\"\n\"Dispose of\nwhere\nanticipated high temperature excursions are not expected to\nIhe cells are intended for use at ordinary temperatures\nexceed 100°C (212°F).\nelectrical pover source that would increase the forward current\nThe cells should not be connected in series with an\nthrough the cells.\nThe circuit for these cells should include protective\ncircuitry to prevent any charging current in excess of 2.4 A.\nshould be in accordance with the \"Warning Notice\" described\nThe storage, handling and disposal of these cells\nbelow.\nWARNING NOTICE:\nEach of the cells shall bear the following warning notice:\n\"CAUTION: Fire, Explosion, And Severe Burn Hazard. Do Not\nDisassemble, Heat Above 212°F, Or Incinerate.\"++\n++ - This warning statement may contain additional\nrecautions such as a warning about short circuitin\nthe cells.\nMARKING:\nCompany name and model designation on cell.\n•\nMDS/JPA: mrs\n\n<<<PAGE 21>>>\n\n•\n_•\nFile MH12383\n1. 1 Sec.\nnd Repor\nPage 4\nIssued: 5-4-94\nMARKING FOR REPLACEMENT BATTERY PACKAGING:\non the smallest package containing replacement cells.\nthe following statements, or equivalent, shall be included\nFire And Burn Hazard. Do Not Disassemble, Heat\nKeep Battery Out Of Reach Of\nPC Lbry:\n\n<<<PAGE 22>>>\n\n..i......\n•\n•\nFile MH12383\nvol. 1\nand Report\nSec. 6\nPage 5\nIssued: 5-4-94\nCONSTRUCTION DETAILS:\nLITHIUM ION BATTERY\n1. Model Number - UR-18650\n2. Cell Case - Steel\n3. Positive electrode - Lithium Metal Oxide\n4. Negative Electrode - Carbon\n5.\nElectrolyte - Organic Liquid\n6.\nSeparator - Polyolefin Film\n7.\nExcess Current Protector - An electrical resistance\nwill jump sharply from a very small value to one of\nseveral orders of magnitude larger, when high current\n8.\nTerminals Tabs - (Not shown) - At the manufacturer's\noption these cells may be supplied with metal tabs or\npins for both the positive and negative terminals.\n9.\nVoltage - Open-Circuit Voltage of 2.50-4.10 V\n10. Capacity and Dimensions - See table below.\nCapacity,\nModel\nmAn\nDiameter,\nHeight,\nmm (in.)\nmm (in.)\nUR-18650\n1200\n• 17.0-19.0 (0.67-0.75)\n64.0-65.0 012.52-2.56)\nMDS/JPA: mrs\nPC Lbry:\n\n<<<PAGE 23>>>\n\nFile MH12383\nVol. 1\nSec.\n6\nand Report\nPage 6\nIssued: 5-4-94\nExcess Current Protector\nP'ositive Elecirode\nSeparaler\nNegative Electrode\nCal! Casc\nSANSO Electric Cn..Lid.\nPC Lbry:\nMDS/JPA: mIS\nSoft Energs Business Ilcadquari\n\n<<<PAGE 24>>>\n\n-\n•\n•\nFile MH12383\nvol. 1\nSec. 6\nand Report\nPage 7\nIssued: 5-4-94\n817.5\n:\n64.3\n•\n\n<<<PAGE 25>>>\n\n•\nFile MH12383\nPage T1-1 Of 7\nIssued: 5-4-94\nIESI\nRECORD NO.\nGENERAL:\nThe manufacturer provided the following conditioned cells.\nSAMPLES:\ncells for the tests conducted in this investigation.\nThe manufacturer furnished 200 samples of the Model UR-18650\nCONDITIONING OF CELLS:\nConditioning of some of the test cells by oven exposure,\ntemperature cycling, and partial discharge was conducted to\nand discharge.\nsimulate the effects of age, exposure to varying temperatures,\nCells conditioned as described\n• were then used in\nother tests included under this investigation.\nMETHODS\nair convection oven at 71°C (160°F). The temperature of the oven\nOven Exposure - Forty cells were exposed fol 90 days in an\nconnected to a recording potentiometer.\nwas monitored by means of an iron-constantan thermocouple\ncircuit voltages of the cells were measured before and after the\nThe weight and open\nsign of\nexposure.\nchange.\nThe cells were examined after the exposure for any\nTemperature Cycling - Iwenty cells were conditioned in this\nexposure.\nThe cells were exposed to alternate temperatures of\n-54°C (-65°F) and 71°C (160°F) for a total of ten exposures at\neach temperature. The cells were exposed at each temperature for\nperiods of 16 h with 8 h periods at room temperature between each\nexposure.\nmonitored by means of iron-constantan thermocouples connected to\nThe temperatures of the oven and the cold box were\nwere measured before and\na recording potentiometer.\nafter the series of temperature\nThe weight and open circuit voltages\nexposures.\nany sign of change.\nThe cells were also examined after the exposures for\ncompletely and to one-half of their rated capacities.\nComplete and Partial Discharge - Cells were discharged\nThe cells\nwere discharged by connecting the terminals of the cells through\nresistors selected to give the desired discharge in a 60 day\nduring exposure at 71°C (160°F) in an oven.\ninterval. Cells were discharged at room temperature and also\nMDS/JPA: mrs\nPC Lbry:\n\n<<<PAGE 26>>>\n\n•\n•\n-\n•\n•\nFile MH12383\nPage I1-2 of 7\nIssued: 5-4-94\nThe following table shows the number of cells conditioned in\nthis manner:\nNumber of Cells Completely\nCompletely\nand Partially Discard\nConditions\nDischarged\nDischarged\nAt room temperature\n20\n20\nAt 71°C (160°F)\n40\n40\nRESULTS\nthe maximum change in open circuit voltage was 3.6.\nOven Exposure - The maximum weight loss was <2.0 grams and\nThere were.\nno signs of any visible changes as a result of this exposure.\nTemperature Cycling - None of the cells showed a weight loss\ngreater than\n2.0. There were no visible changes as a result of\nthis exposure.\nPartial Discharge - The cells showed no visible changes\noccurring as a result of the partial discharge.\nSHORT CIRCUIT TESTS:\n•\nMETHOD\nnegative terminals with a short length of copper wire.\nThe cells were shorted by connecting the positive and\ntemperature on the exterior surface of the metal cell casing was\nmonitored during the test by means of an iron-constantan\nthermocouple.\nShort circuit tests were conducted on cells at room\ntemperature and on cells at\nThe tests at 60°C\n(140°F) were conducted in an air convection oven.\nThe cells were\nallowed to come to equilibrium\nat this temperature before they\nAfter the tests, the cells were examined\nfor any\nsigns of change.\nMDS/JPA: mrs\nDr T.hru.\n\n<<<PAGE 27>>>\n\n•\n...:\n•\n•\nFile MH12383\nPage I1-3 Of 7\nIssued: 5-4-94\nThe following cells were used in these tests:\nNumber of Cells\nPrevious Conditioning of Cells\nAt Room\nTemperature\nAt 60°C\nFresh cells\n5\n5\n'ells discharged at room temperature\nifter temperature cycling\n5\n5\nOne-half discharged\nCells discharged at 71°C (160ºF):\n5\n5\n5\n5\nRESULTS\nvisible changes as a\nThere were no signs of case bulging, leaking, or any other\nresult of these tests.\nHEATING TESTS:\nMETHOD\nThe temperature on the\nThe following cells were used in these tests:\nPrevious Conditioning of Cells\nNo. Of Cells\nFresh cells\nAfter temperature cyclino\nAfter oven exposure\n5\nCells discharged at room temperature:\n5\nOne-half discharged\nCompletely discharged\n5\nCells discharged at 71°C (160°F) :\nOne-half discharged\nCompletely discharged\nRESULTS\nNo signs of bulging was noted of the cells tested.\nPC Lbry:\nMDS/ JPA: mrs\n\n<<<PAGE 28>>>\n\nCade an so\n-\n...\n•\nFile MH12383\nPage T1-4 of 7\nIssued:\n5-4-94\nCRUSH TESTS:\nMETHOD\nThe cells were crushed between a flat surface and a\nporn died to the long as st ena yinarscat peace and i\nparallel to the flat surface.\nabout midway between the ends. The force was applied by means of\na hydraulic ram and the cells were crushed until the thickness at\noriginal diameter of the cell. The temperature on the exterior\nthe point of maximum crushing was less than one-fourth of the\ntest for any signs of reaction due to the crushing.\nThe following cells were used in these tests:\nPrevious Conditioning of Cells\nNo. Of Cells\nFresh cells\n5\nAfter oven exposure\n5\nAfter discharge at 71°C (160°F) :\nOne-half discharged\n5\nCompletely discharged\n5\nRESULTS\nThere was slight heating but no other signs of reaction.\nThe cells ruptured releasing a few drops of electrolyte.\nHUMIDITY TEST:\nMETHOD\nThe cells were tested in accordance with Method 507.1 of\nMIL-STD-810C.\nin a chamber\nhaving controlled temperature and humidity.\nThe cells were exposed to high humidity conditions\ntemperature in the chamber was\nrelative humidity to 90-100 percent over a period of' 2 h and\nraised to 65°C (149°F) and the\nthese conditions maintained for 6 h.\nThe temperature of che\nchamber was then reduced to 30°C (86°F) in 16 h while maintaining\na relative humidity of at least 85 percent.\nThis procedure was\nrepeated for a\ntotal of 10 c. After the test the cells were\nexamined for signs of change.\nMDS/JPA: mrs\nThey.\n\n<<<PAGE 29>>>\n\n_....\n--.\n•\nFile MH12383\nPage I1-5 of 7\nIssued: 5-4-94\nThe following cells were used in this test:\nPrevious Conditioning of Cells\nNo. Of Cells\nFresh cells\nCells one-half discharged at\nAfter oven exposure\n5\n71°C (160°F) :\n•\nRESULTS\nThe surface of the metal cell casings was. slightly\ndiscolored but there were no other signs of any visible changes\nas a result of this test.\nVIBRATION TEST:\nMETHOD\nThe cells were tested in accordance with Vibration Test I of\nMIL-B-18D.\nmaximum excursion).\nharmonic motion with an amplitude of 0.03 in. (0.06 in. total\n1 c/s/min between 10 and 55 c/s.\nto 55 c/s and return in not less than 90 nor more than 100 min.\nmutually perpendicular directions each covering the range of 10\nThe cells were examined after the test for any signs of change.\nThe following cells were used in these tests:\nPrevious Conditioning of Cells\nNo. Of Cells\nFresh cells\nCells discharged at room temperature:\nOne-half discharged\nAfter discharge at 71°C (160°F):\nCompletely discharged\nRESULTS\n•\nresult ore wis test indications of any changes in these cells as a\na\nPC Lbry:\nIDS/JPA:mr:\n\n<<<PAGE 30>>>\n\n--.\n-\n•\nFile MH12383\nPage T1-6 Of 7\nIssued: 5-4-94\nDROP TEST:\nMETHOD\noriented to obtain impacts in all positions. The cells were\nexamined afțer each drop for any sign of change.\n•\nRESULTS\nNo changes in these cells were observed after these tests.\nFORCED DISCHARGE AND ABNORMAL CHARGING TEST:\n•\nMETHOD\nThe cells were force-discharged by connecting them in series\nconnecting a resistor of\nwith a 12 V do power supply. The current was controlled by\nappropriate\nsize in series with the\nopposition with a 12 V do power supply. The current was\n. Additional cells were charged by being connected in\nseries with the cell.\ncontrolled by connecting a resistor of the appropriate size in\nThe test duration was based on the applied\ncurrent and the capacity of the cells.\nchange.\nThe cells were examined after these tests for any sign of\nPUNCTURE AND LEAKAGE TESTS:\nMETHOD\na small grinding wheel until liquid or gas was released from the\nCells were punctured by cutting through the cell casing with\nRESULTS\norganic liquid. The cells were not pressurized and no gas,\nThe cells were found to contain only a few drops of an\nliquid, or solid particles were sprayed from the cells.\nEASE OF DISASSEMBLY:\nMETHOD\npened without at least the use of simple hand tools\n'ests were conducted to determine if these cells can b\nMDS/JPA: mrs\nPC Lbry:\n\n<<<PAGE 31>>>\n\n•\nFile MH12383\nPage T1-7 Of 7\nIssued: 5-4-94\nRESULTS\nhacksaw of two pairs of pliers was needed to open the steel\nThe cells could not be opened without the use of tools. A\ncasing.\nFIRE EXPOSURE TESTS:\nMETHOD\n2 in. diameter laboratory Meker burner fueled by methane gas at a\nOne sample was placed on a wire screen directly above a\npressure of 0.5 psig and a flow rate of 3.0 ft/h. The cells\nwere heated until they\nobtained.\n• exploded or until ultimate results were\nexplosions, the cells were tested in a room separate from the\nFor protection and also to muffle the sound of any\nobserver.\nfurther\ntesting would be needed to evaluate\nThe results of this test were used to determine if\nhazard of these cells. Five fresh cells were used in this test.\n• the fire exposure\nRESULTS\nview of this the Projectile (Barrier Penetration Test) test was\nBased on test results, the samples shot off platform. In\nneeded.\nBARRIER PENETRATION TESTS:\nMETHOD\nA cage consisting of an octagon frame 2 ft across and 1 ft\nhigh covered with aluminum insert screening was placed around a\ntest cell.\nwhich the cell was placed. The top of the cage was covered by a\nflat section of aluminum screening held in a frame 2 by 2 ft in\nsize.\nwith 16-18 wires per inch in each direction. The cell was heated\nThe screen was made from 0.010 in. diameter aluminum wire\nby a gas flame as described above until the cell exploded.\ncells were used in this test.\nRESULTS\nshowed acceptable results.\nThe samples did not penetrate the wire screen and therefore\nDS/JPA: mr:\nC Lbry","truncated":false,"body_characters":33283}