# nternational Air Transportation — Hazardous Materials Safety Interpretation - **operation:** document - **citation:** 98-0544 - **title:** nternational Air Transportation — Hazardous Materials Safety Interpretation - **source type:** guidance - **agency:** Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration - **status:** guidance - **official:** true - **published on:** 1998-06-11 - **effective on:** Not available - **summary:** 98-0544 response to nternational Air Transportation concerning 173.185. - **machine formats:** - **json:** https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-interpretation-98-0544.json - **markdown:** https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-interpretation-98-0544.md - **app url:** https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/phmsa-interpretation-98-0544 - **source url:** https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/legacy/interpretations/Interpretation%20Files/1998/980544.pdf **body:** <<>> Sep. 12 '94 8:56 0000 SANFAX725 SERIES TEL PAGE 01 i US. Deporimert al tansportation • Special Pragrams Research ora Administration NẾC 27 1969 De. Sunder 1. Holsky Prenideat 950 De Boco Road Angus Eaterpelner, Jac. Suite 9-8 Hoex Racon, 8ll 93432 • • • Deer DI, Hodsky: • rais La 1a zesponda ta yous letter of Deceaber 11, 1989, Iegarding e eell idestitied as Sony 03-61 produced by Sony Suergyter. Based or the inforetion you lure grovided, cha cells nin got considered Hitbium betteries, or batteries filled vich erassportacion in the vaiced Scates, the baccorles would ba conridered acid at rikali. Tor "BeIGery, dIy" usd not subject to the Department of Irenaportacion (DOI) dererdous Macerlala Regulations, Sincerely, 1 Suasne Negepet Chief, Exemptione Branch Guzánde Rodrepect office of Hererdour Meteriels Irenaportatios ATTN: JACKiE SMITH <<>> Jun. 2'94 8:52 0000 SANYO_ENERGY USA TEL619-661-6620 PAGE 01 FAX TRANSMISSION SANYO Energy (U.S.A.) Corporation 2001 Sanyo Ave., San Diego, CA 92173 (619) 661-6620 (619) 661-6743 Date: June 2, 1994 Fax No.: (202)366-3753 To: Mr. Anthony Lima Company: US DOT Pages to Follow: A From: Jim Ross Subject: Mr Lima. As we discussed this morning over the phone, 1 discussed this situation with Harpreet Singh of the exemption branch to determine a course of action that would assist Sanyo in classifying this battery. Although it is a carbon based battery it will be marketed under the name of Lithium Ion. As I stated in my cover letter, no lithium metal is present at any time, but with the "Lithlum" marketing name it will be difficult for carriers to understand without a clear ruling from the DOT. We have requested and received a determination on our Nickel Cadmium products and I will send you a copy of that ruling. Since the construction of the lithium ion battery is similar, and only the chemistry is different, Sanyo felt a similar determination could be made. However, if this is not possible would we qualify for an exemption under 49CFR Part 173.185i. This subject was broached with exemptions branch, but no ruling was made. 1 am requesting your assistance in this matter and offer any additional information you may require. Privacy Notice: This message is intended only for the use of the individual or entity to which it is addressed and may contain information that is privileged, confidential or exempt from disclosure under applicable Federal or State laws. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient or the notified that any dissemination, distribution or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. employee or agent responsible for delivering the message to the intended recipient, you are hereby the orginal message to us at the above address via regular mail. If you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by telephone and return (Untilled) JUNE 2, 1994 9:21 AM <<>> Jun. 2'94 8:53 0000 ! SANYO_ENERGY USA TEL619-661-6620 PAGE 02 US Deportment of Transportation Special Progroms Research and Adminisiration • JUL 2 6 1993 MI. Jim Ross Logistics Manager 200i Sanyo Avenue Sanyo Eneigy Corp. San Diego, CA 92173 DeaI MI. Ross: This is In response to your FAXE dated May 3 and 20, 1993 regarding classification of new and spent small, sealed, rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries (nicads) . several sizes, Itom AA to D cells, and often are combined to Nicads are in form a battery pack. applications such as in flashlights, handheld vacuua cleaners, Nicads are used in many household computers, cellular telephones, and power tools. that new sealed nickel cadmium batteries may be Classed as dry Based on the information you provided, It is our determination batteries. requirements of the Hazardous Materials Regulations (49 CFR Dry batteries are not subject to any of the Parts 171-180) - that meet the definition of hazardous waste in § 171.8 must be However, spent sealed nickel cadmium batteries shipped using either of the following basic descriptions: Hazardous waste, solid, n.o.s., 9, NA3077, III OX Waste Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.5., 9, NA3077, III If we • can be of further assistance, please feel free to contact Sincerely, Lim. I things, Delmer F. Billings Acting Deputy Director, Office of Hazardous Materials Standards <<>> • Applied P & ChLaboratory 1086 I. Mineion Elvd, Pomoon, CA 21766 APCL Analytical Report Tol: (908) 822-8148 Fax: (809) 622.5189 Submitted to: Service ID #: 801-942387 Received: 04/14/94 Sanyo Energy: (LSA) Corporation Collected by: Tested: 04/29/91 Attention: Anne Mossbarger Collected on: Reported : 04/29/94 2001 Sanyo Arc. Sample descriprion: San Diego, CA 92173 Bettery Tel: (619)661-8820 Fax: (619)681-8743 Characterization of Waste - Ignitability 801-942387 Page 1 of 1 Ignitability (Flashpoint) Iles #2 ulstion §261.21, 40 CFR, Characterictic of Ignitability, states that if a waste is ant a liquid and in capable, - under standard temperature and pressure, of causing fire through friction, absorption of moisture or spontaneous chemical changes and, when ignited, burns so vigorously and persistently that it creates a hazard, then it exhibits the characteristic of ignitability. Since this sample is not a liquid or a gas, but a solid, only Item #2 of the ignitability criteria would apply to the sample. It is highly unlikely, under normal conditions, that this solid material would spontaneously ignite, or burn so pereietently to create a hazard, thus, item #2's criteria do nor suhstantiate ignitability. Respectfully submitted, Jack Zhang, Ph.D. Applied P &: Ch Laboratory CADHS ELAP CERTIFICATION NUMBER 1431 <<>> 333 Plingsten Road (708) 272-8800 Northbrook, Illinois 60062-2096 FAX No. (708) 272-8129 MCI Mail No. 254-3343 Underwriters Laboratories, "UNHORIZATION TO APPIX THE UL MARK Telex No. 6502543343 Northbrook Office April 14, 1994 IO: Sanyo Energy Corporation 2001 Sanyo Avenue San Diego, CA 92173 Attn: Mr. Ken Goto our Reference: File Mh 12383, Project 93NK31781 Dear Mr. Goto, We have completed our engineering investigation under the applicable requirements. above project number and find the product complies with the Inspection Procedure and serves as authorization to apply the This letter temporarily supplements the UL Follow-Up Services described below: Ul Recognition mark to the above products constructed as According to the attached addendum. of this Notice. nis authorization is effective for 90 days only from the dat prepared and will be sent to you in the near future. ecords covering the product are now bein Products produced which bear the UL Mark shall be identical UL's requirements. Very truly yours, Reviewed by: Nazy M. D. smith Senior Project 2509) Engineering Services Engineer Engineering .. P. Allen (43103) Engineering Services Group Leader A not-for-profit organization dedicated to public safety and mommitted in muslit contine <<>> ..= : ADDENDUM GENERAL: Recognition has been established under the Lithium Battery BBCV2, in accordance with UL 1642 for your User-replaceable applications. The cells are constructed according to the attached documents. ‚1sting has been established for your battery pack models JR 18650-2 and UR 18650-3 (which consist of 2 and 3 UR 1865( cells in a plastic enclosure respectively) under the accordance with UL 2054. Housenold and Commercial Battery Category, BBFS, in according to the attached documents. The battery packs are constructed : <<>> : 1/3 - 1. Compositon material of Sanyo lithiun ion battery Positive electrode ; LiCOO= ( Lithium cobaltate ) Negative electrode: Graphite • (Natural graphite ) : Electrolyte : {EC + DEC / LiPF. The above is malin composition material, and no lithium metal is issed. 2. Cell reaction of lithium ion battery is as belon < Charge > LiCo0= + → Li <1-x)Co0s + LixC ¡(Positive electrode) (Negative electrode) Dischafge > + Li (1-x) CoDe + LixC At this time, figure 1 and 2 shows the structure of active material in each electrod. F48.1 Positive electrode Fig. 2 Negative electrode (LiCO0: ) (Graphite ) • In this, Lithium is ionization state in the graphite. From this result, state of the Lithium is different from lithium metal because is not metallic bond such as Li-Li. Nexit, there ate some reports about the state of lithium in the crystal structure of graphite, and the test result of Sanyo is as below. <<>> 2/3 Measurement result • : (Method) - After the battery charged, the state of Lithium in the negative electrode was measured by the method of ESCA(Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis), (Sample) (A) Lithium metal (B) Lithium in half charged battery (negative electrode graphite) (C) Lithium in full charged battery ( ) ! (D) Lithium in fuil charged battery (negative electrode: coke ) (E) Lithium in comparison Li, COs (ion state of lithium (Result) Table 1. show the : results Table 1. Binding energy of lithium : State of lithium Binding energy (A) Lithium metal 53. 9eV • (B) Lithium in half 54. 6eV charged battery (C)L thium in full 54. 8eV charged battery (D)L) thium in full 54. 8eV Charged battery (E) Li= CO, 55. 0eV (ion state) : We measured the bihding energy of lithium in charged battery by ESCA in order to clarify the state of the lithium. The results are shown in this table 1. These sugsests that metal state of lithium dose not exist in both half and full charged batteries. <<>> • • : . 3/3 3. Test item of DOT Table 2 show the test result. : Table 2. Test result of DOI Test item Criterion Result Judgement Oven test no leakage, distrotion. no problem. Short circuit no vent. Vibration no out-gassing, leakage, Shock test Vacuum test ... This table a shorin the results are satisfied with requirements of DOT. : .... • <<>> Material Safety Data Sheet OSHA's Hazard Comunication Standard 29 CFR 1910. 1200. IDENTITY Lithium Ion Battery Model : UR18650 SECTION I Supplier's Name : SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. Japan Emergency Telephone Number SANYO Energy (USA) Corporation SANYO Energy (Europe Corporate Gubtl 2001 Sanyo Ave., San Diego Hans-Stiessberger Strasse 2b, 8013 Haar, California92173 TEL (619) 661-6620 Germany TEL (089)-4600950 Date Prepared: Apr. 27 1994 SECTION II - Hazardous Ingredients/Identity Information OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV CAS# Lithium Cobaltate (LiCOD:) None Established 12190-79-3 Graphite (C) 2.5 mg/m" 2.5 ng/m® 7782-42-5 (as dust ( As dust ) Ethylene Carbonate (EC) None Established 96-49-1 * Diethyl Carbonate (DEC) None Established 105-58-8 Lithium Hexafluoro Phosphate 2.5 mg/m° 17084-13-8 None Established. (as Flourine) Poly Vinylidine difluoride (PVdF). None Established 24937-79-9 Weight of lithium per cell : 0g SECTION III-Physical/Chemical Characteristics Boiling Point : (°C) : EC-244, DEC-126 Vapor pressure : (mmg) : EC-O. 01, DEC-10 Vapor Density: (AIR=1) : DEC-4.07, Solubility in fater: : EC:-complete, DEC-complete, LiPF,:complete Specific Gravity : (Hz0=1) : LiC00s-4.95, Graphite-2. 09~2.2 EC-1.32, DEC-O.975, LiPF,-1.33 Melting Point: (C) : LiCo0:-about 1130, LiPF -160, EC-36 Appearance and Odor: : LiCoDe is a black, odorless powder. C is a black, odorless ponder. DEC is a colorless or light yellow liquid. EC is a hite solid. LiPF. is a white and crystalline, odorless ponder. <<>> • • : MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET Type - System C/LiCoO/org. elyi Volts 3. 6 V Capacity Weight : 1200 mAh 37.9 g 1. INGREDIENTS 1. 1 ACTIVE MATERIALS APPROXIMATE PERCENT OF TOTAL WEIGH % LIthium Cobaltate (LiCoOz) 26.9 Ethylene Carbonate (EC) 6.9 Diethyl Carbonate (DEC) 7.4 Lithium Hexa Fhoro PhospHate (LiPF.) 1.6 Graphite (C) 15.? Pigment Carbon (C) 0.6 POly Vinylidene di Flvoride (PVdF) 1.4 • 1.2 PASSIVE MATERIALS APPROXIMATE PERCENT • OF TOTAL WEIGHT BASE METAL steel 17.4 : Aluminum sheet • 4.0 Copper sheet 12.1 OTHERS plastic 6.5 SANYO Electric Co., Ltd. <<>> SECTION I-Fire and Explosion Hazard Data Flash Point (Method Used) : DEC=25(°C) Extinguishing Media : Hater Flammable Limits : Not Available Special Fire Fighting Procedure : - In case of fire in an adjacent area, use mater, CO, or dry chemical extingwshers if cell are packed in their original containers since the fuel of the fire is basically paper products. For bulk quantities of unpackaged cell use LITH-X (Graphite Base). In this case, use no mater. SECTION V-Reactivity Data Stability: Stable Conditions to Avoid: Do not heat or disassemble or overcharge. Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts : N/A Hazardous polymerization will not occur. SECTION VI-Health Hazard Data Routes of Entry: Inhalation? Yes Skin ? Yes Ingestion? Yes Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic) : These chemicals are contained in a sealed can. Risk of exposure occurs only it the battery is mechanically or electrically abused. The most likely risk is acute exposure when a cell vents. DEC is believed to be slightly to moderately toxic, and EC is considered to be non-toxic but moderately irritating to the eyes. LiPF. is irritating to skin, eyes and avoided. mucous membranes. Contact of electrolyte with skin and eyes should be Carcinogenicity : NTP : None IARC Monograph : None OSHA Regulated : None Signs/Symptoms of Exposure : DME may be a reproductive hazard. : Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure : An acute exposure will not generally aggravate any medical condition. Emergenby & First Aid Procedures : In case of skin contact with contents of battery, flush immediately with water. For eye contact, flush with copious amount of water of 15 minutes. Do not inhale vented material. If irritation persist, get medical help. -?.- <<>> • SECTION VII -Precautions for Safe Handling and Use Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled : "he preferred responce is to leave the area and allow batteries to coo and vapors to dissipate. Avoid skin and eye contact or inhalation of väpors. Remove spilled liquid mith absorbent and incinerate. - • Waste Disposal Method: Dispose in accordance with appropriate regulations. Open cells should be treated as hazardous mastes. Precoutions to Be Taken in Handling an Storing : Avoid mechamical or electrical abuse. Other Precoutions : Batteries may explode or cause burn, if disassembled, crushed, or exposed to fire or high temperature. Do not short nor install with incorrect polarity. SECTION VII-Control Measure Respiratory Protection (Specify Type) : Not necessary under conditions of normal use. Ventilation: Not necessary under conditions of normal use. Protective Gloves : Not necessary under conditions of normal use. Eye protection: Not necessary under conditions of normal use. Other Protective Clothing or Equipment : Not necessary under conditions of normal use. : - 3 - <<>> CONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL COMPOSITION FOR SANYO'S LI-ION RECHARGEABLE BATTERY Model: UR18650 Description Chenical Fornula Reight (gram) Weight (% 1. Positive Electrode • Lithium Cobaltate LiCODa 10.2 g • Carbon 0.68 • Poly Fluoro Vinylidine - (CH 2-CF=).- 0.5 g • Aluminum Sheet Al 1.5 g 33.8 % 2. Negative Electrode • Graphite 5.4 g • Copper Sheet Cu 4.6 g 26.4% 3. Separator • Poly Ethylene -(CH,-CHz) = 1.28 3. 2 ; 4. Electrolyte • Ethylene Carbonate 2.6 g • Diethyl Carbonate (C=HsO) =CO 2.8 g .. Lithium Hexa Fluoro Phosphate LiPF. 0.6 g 15.8% 5. Insulating Plate CH3 • Poly Propylene • -(CHz-CH2).- 0.28 0. 53 6. Outer Can Fe-Ni 6.68 17.4 7. Sealing Cover Al and Fe-Ni 1.0g 2.6 8. Gasket • Poly Propylene - (CH=-CH2). - 0.18 0.3 CH s TOTAL 37.9 g 100 : <<>> • • : 333 Plingsten Road (708) 272-8800 Northbrook, illinois 60062-2096 FAX No. (708) 272-8129 UL Underwriters Laboratories Inc. s MCI Mail No 254-3343 Telex No. 6502543343 5/ 4/1994 SANYO ENERGY (U S A) CORP Type. R UL REPRESENTATIVE File No. MH12383 public safety 2001 SANYO AVE Project No. 93NK31781 1894-1994 SAN DIEGO CA 92173 PRODUCT: LITHIUM BATTERIES - COMPONENT The following material resulting from the investigation under the above numbers is enclosed (see attached Addendum or below for page numbers): Additional section for Follow-üp Service Procedure. Revised or new pages and illustrations for Follow-Up Service Procedure. Please file revised pages and illustrations in place of material of like identity. New material should be filed in its proper numerical order. Please review this material and report any inaccuracies to MARTIN SMITH ext. 42509 referring to the above project number. UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. - Enclosure: Rpt cc: UL INSPECTION CENTER TOKYO SANYO ELECTRIC CO LTD, HYOGO 656, JAPAN dedicated to public safety and A not-for-profit organization committed in aliu spru.re <<>> 3. • : • UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. mrs ADDENDUM TO TRANSMITTAL LETTER File MH12383 Project 93NK31781 Revised Date 5-4-94 • Report Date Vol. Sec. Revised or New Material - 1 Index Revised Page I - App. A Revised Page 5 5-4-94 1 6 All Issued <<>> : - -.-.. 333 Pfingsten Road (708) 272-8800 Northbrook. Illinois 60062-2096 FAX No. (708) 272-8129 UL) Underwriters Laboratories Inc. s MCI Mail No. 254-3343 Telex No. 6502543343 public safety 1894-1994 File MH12383 Project 93NK31781 • May 4, 1994 REPORT on COMPONENT - LITHIUM BATTERIES Sanyo Electric San Diego, CA Copyright @ 1994 Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Underwriters Laboratories Inc. authorizes the above named company to reproduce this Report provided it is reproduced in its entirety. Underwriters Laboratories Inc. authorizes the above named company of this to reproduce that portion of Cover Page through Page 4. this Report consisting PC Lbry: MDS/JPA: mrs A not-for-profit organization dedicated to public safety anc committed to quality service <<>> = • • File MH12383 vol. 1 Sec. 6 and Report Page l Issued: 5-4-94 DESSRIZIION PRODUCT COVERED: Model UR-18650 lithium ion rechargeable cell. GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Model UR-18650 lithium ion batteries consist of carbon as a negative electrode material and lithium metal oxide as a positive electrode material. The voltage of lithium ion batteries is 3.6 V which is about three times that of Ni-Cd and nickel-hydrogen batteries. energy density, these batteries are suited as power supplies, With their high voltage and high particularly Carbon material as • for compact, light and thin portable equipments. lithium lon batteries safer than secondary batteries that use a negative electrode material not only make lithium metal, but also exempt the batteries from dangerous material regulations published by the U.S. Department of Transportation. our own unique highly crystallized graphite as a negative electrode material provides the lithium ion batteries any conventional lithium with a higher energy density and a flatter discharge curve than ion battery. ELECTROCHEMISTRY: voltage of 3.6 V. The cell reactions are as follows: These cells are rechargeable and have a nominal open circuit Positive electrode Charge "ie Meansition metal Discharge Negative electrode C+×Li*+xé Charge → & Discharge LINC Total Reaction LiMeO_+C •Discharge PC Lbry: MDS/JPA: mrs <<>> • • File MH12383 vol. I and Report Sec. 6 Page 2 Issued: 5-4-94 ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS (NOT FOR FIELD REPRESENTATIVE'S USE): the combination is determined by Underwriters Laboratories Inc: Use. - For use only in products where the acceptability of Conditions of Acceptability - The use of these cells may be considered generally acceptable under the conditions given below: as described below. 1. The cells are identified in accordance with "Marking" batteries are to be used only in devices where servicing of the Unless the conditions of Par. 2A are met, these battery circuit and replacement of the lithium battery will be done by a trained technician. These batteries are acceptable for use in user-replaceable applications when used in accordance with the following: 2A.1 The end product must be designed to prevent reverse is reversed, the short- or open-circuiting of anya • installation of the battery, or if the battery not result in forced-discharge of the battery. protective component, one component at a time, shall 2A.2 The end product shall contain a permanent marking adjacent to the battery stating the following: "Replace Battery With (Battery Manufacturer's Name or End-Product Manufacturer's Name), Part No. ( Fire Only. Use Of Another Battery May Present A Risk Of Instructions." Or Explosion. See Owner's Manual For Safety If it is not feasible to include the above marking on the Cottong gra perating lot safety instructions for (pe the • • MDS/JPA: MIS PC Lbry: <<>> .... - • File MH12383 Vol. 1 Sec. 6 and Report Page 3 Issued: 5-4-94 2A.3 The instruction manual supplied with the end product shall also contain the above warning notice along with instructions to the user as to where replacement batteries can be obtained. The instruction manual shall also contain the following additional warning A.. Caution: The battery used in this device may present a fire or chemical burn hazard if mistreated. (212°F) or incinerate. Do not disassemble, heat above 100°C Complete instructions as to how to replace the battery ending with the statement: used battery promptly. Keep away from children." "Dispose of where anticipated high temperature excursions are not expected to Ihe cells are intended for use at ordinary temperatures exceed 100°C (212°F). electrical pover source that would increase the forward current The cells should not be connected in series with an through the cells. The circuit for these cells should include protective circuitry to prevent any charging current in excess of 2.4 A. should be in accordance with the "Warning Notice" described The storage, handling and disposal of these cells below. WARNING NOTICE: Each of the cells shall bear the following warning notice: "CAUTION: Fire, Explosion, And Severe Burn Hazard. Do Not Disassemble, Heat Above 212°F, Or Incinerate."++ ++ - This warning statement may contain additional recautions such as a warning about short circuitin the cells. MARKING: Company name and model designation on cell. • MDS/JPA: mrs <<>> • _• File MH12383 1. 1 Sec. nd Repor Page 4 Issued: 5-4-94 MARKING FOR REPLACEMENT BATTERY PACKAGING: on the smallest package containing replacement cells. the following statements, or equivalent, shall be included Fire And Burn Hazard. Do Not Disassemble, Heat Keep Battery Out Of Reach Of PC Lbry: <<>> ..i...... • • File MH12383 vol. 1 and Report Sec. 6 Page 5 Issued: 5-4-94 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS: LITHIUM ION BATTERY 1. Model Number - UR-18650 2. Cell Case - Steel 3. Positive electrode - Lithium Metal Oxide 4. Negative Electrode - Carbon 5. Electrolyte - Organic Liquid 6. Separator - Polyolefin Film 7. Excess Current Protector - An electrical resistance will jump sharply from a very small value to one of several orders of magnitude larger, when high current 8. Terminals Tabs - (Not shown) - At the manufacturer's option these cells may be supplied with metal tabs or pins for both the positive and negative terminals. 9. Voltage - Open-Circuit Voltage of 2.50-4.10 V 10. Capacity and Dimensions - See table below. Capacity, Model mAn Diameter, Height, mm (in.) mm (in.) UR-18650 1200 • 17.0-19.0 (0.67-0.75) 64.0-65.0 012.52-2.56) MDS/JPA: mrs PC Lbry: <<>> File MH12383 Vol. 1 Sec. 6 and Report Page 6 Issued: 5-4-94 Excess Current Protector P'ositive Elecirode Separaler Negative Electrode Cal! Casc SANSO Electric Cn..Lid. PC Lbry: MDS/JPA: mIS Soft Energs Business Ilcadquari <<>> - • • File MH12383 vol. 1 Sec. 6 and Report Page 7 Issued: 5-4-94 817.5 : 64.3 • <<>> • File MH12383 Page T1-1 Of 7 Issued: 5-4-94 IESI RECORD NO. GENERAL: The manufacturer provided the following conditioned cells. SAMPLES: cells for the tests conducted in this investigation. The manufacturer furnished 200 samples of the Model UR-18650 CONDITIONING OF CELLS: Conditioning of some of the test cells by oven exposure, temperature cycling, and partial discharge was conducted to and discharge. simulate the effects of age, exposure to varying temperatures, Cells conditioned as described • were then used in other tests included under this investigation. METHODS air convection oven at 71°C (160°F). The temperature of the oven Oven Exposure - Forty cells were exposed fol 90 days in an connected to a recording potentiometer. was monitored by means of an iron-constantan thermocouple circuit voltages of the cells were measured before and after the The weight and open sign of exposure. change. The cells were examined after the exposure for any Temperature Cycling - Iwenty cells were conditioned in this exposure. The cells were exposed to alternate temperatures of -54°C (-65°F) and 71°C (160°F) for a total of ten exposures at each temperature. The cells were exposed at each temperature for periods of 16 h with 8 h periods at room temperature between each exposure. monitored by means of iron-constantan thermocouples connected to The temperatures of the oven and the cold box were were measured before and a recording potentiometer. after the series of temperature The weight and open circuit voltages exposures. any sign of change. The cells were also examined after the exposures for completely and to one-half of their rated capacities. Complete and Partial Discharge - Cells were discharged The cells were discharged by connecting the terminals of the cells through resistors selected to give the desired discharge in a 60 day during exposure at 71°C (160°F) in an oven. interval. Cells were discharged at room temperature and also MDS/JPA: mrs PC Lbry: <<>> • • - • • File MH12383 Page I1-2 of 7 Issued: 5-4-94 The following table shows the number of cells conditioned in this manner: Number of Cells Completely Completely and Partially Discard Conditions Discharged Discharged At room temperature 20 20 At 71°C (160°F) 40 40 RESULTS the maximum change in open circuit voltage was 3.6. Oven Exposure - The maximum weight loss was <2.0 grams and There were. no signs of any visible changes as a result of this exposure. Temperature Cycling - None of the cells showed a weight loss greater than 2.0. There were no visible changes as a result of this exposure. Partial Discharge - The cells showed no visible changes occurring as a result of the partial discharge. SHORT CIRCUIT TESTS: • METHOD negative terminals with a short length of copper wire. The cells were shorted by connecting the positive and temperature on the exterior surface of the metal cell casing was monitored during the test by means of an iron-constantan thermocouple. Short circuit tests were conducted on cells at room temperature and on cells at The tests at 60°C (140°F) were conducted in an air convection oven. The cells were allowed to come to equilibrium at this temperature before they After the tests, the cells were examined for any signs of change. MDS/JPA: mrs Dr T.hru. <<>> • ...: • • File MH12383 Page I1-3 Of 7 Issued: 5-4-94 The following cells were used in these tests: Number of Cells Previous Conditioning of Cells At Room Temperature At 60°C Fresh cells 5 5 'ells discharged at room temperature ifter temperature cycling 5 5 One-half discharged Cells discharged at 71°C (160ºF): 5 5 5 5 RESULTS visible changes as a There were no signs of case bulging, leaking, or any other result of these tests. HEATING TESTS: METHOD The temperature on the The following cells were used in these tests: Previous Conditioning of Cells No. Of Cells Fresh cells After temperature cyclino After oven exposure 5 Cells discharged at room temperature: 5 One-half discharged Completely discharged 5 Cells discharged at 71°C (160°F) : One-half discharged Completely discharged RESULTS No signs of bulging was noted of the cells tested. PC Lbry: MDS/ JPA: mrs <<>> Cade an so - ... • File MH12383 Page T1-4 of 7 Issued: 5-4-94 CRUSH TESTS: METHOD The cells were crushed between a flat surface and a porn died to the long as st ena yinarscat peace and i parallel to the flat surface. about midway between the ends. The force was applied by means of a hydraulic ram and the cells were crushed until the thickness at original diameter of the cell. The temperature on the exterior the point of maximum crushing was less than one-fourth of the test for any signs of reaction due to the crushing. The following cells were used in these tests: Previous Conditioning of Cells No. Of Cells Fresh cells 5 After oven exposure 5 After discharge at 71°C (160°F) : One-half discharged 5 Completely discharged 5 RESULTS There was slight heating but no other signs of reaction. The cells ruptured releasing a few drops of electrolyte. HUMIDITY TEST: METHOD The cells were tested in accordance with Method 507.1 of MIL-STD-810C. in a chamber having controlled temperature and humidity. The cells were exposed to high humidity conditions temperature in the chamber was relative humidity to 90-100 percent over a period of' 2 h and raised to 65°C (149°F) and the these conditions maintained for 6 h. The temperature of che chamber was then reduced to 30°C (86°F) in 16 h while maintaining a relative humidity of at least 85 percent. This procedure was repeated for a total of 10 c. After the test the cells were examined for signs of change. MDS/JPA: mrs They. <<>> _.... --. • File MH12383 Page I1-5 of 7 Issued: 5-4-94 The following cells were used in this test: Previous Conditioning of Cells No. Of Cells Fresh cells Cells one-half discharged at After oven exposure 5 71°C (160°F) : • RESULTS The surface of the metal cell casings was. slightly discolored but there were no other signs of any visible changes as a result of this test. VIBRATION TEST: METHOD The cells were tested in accordance with Vibration Test I of MIL-B-18D. maximum excursion). harmonic motion with an amplitude of 0.03 in. (0.06 in. total 1 c/s/min between 10 and 55 c/s. to 55 c/s and return in not less than 90 nor more than 100 min. mutually perpendicular directions each covering the range of 10 The cells were examined after the test for any signs of change. The following cells were used in these tests: Previous Conditioning of Cells No. Of Cells Fresh cells Cells discharged at room temperature: One-half discharged After discharge at 71°C (160°F): Completely discharged RESULTS • result ore wis test indications of any changes in these cells as a a PC Lbry: IDS/JPA:mr: <<>> --. - • File MH12383 Page T1-6 Of 7 Issued: 5-4-94 DROP TEST: METHOD oriented to obtain impacts in all positions. The cells were examined afțer each drop for any sign of change. • RESULTS No changes in these cells were observed after these tests. FORCED DISCHARGE AND ABNORMAL CHARGING TEST: • METHOD The cells were force-discharged by connecting them in series connecting a resistor of with a 12 V do power supply. The current was controlled by appropriate size in series with the opposition with a 12 V do power supply. The current was . Additional cells were charged by being connected in series with the cell. controlled by connecting a resistor of the appropriate size in The test duration was based on the applied current and the capacity of the cells. change. The cells were examined after these tests for any sign of PUNCTURE AND LEAKAGE TESTS: METHOD a small grinding wheel until liquid or gas was released from the Cells were punctured by cutting through the cell casing with RESULTS organic liquid. The cells were not pressurized and no gas, The cells were found to contain only a few drops of an liquid, or solid particles were sprayed from the cells. EASE OF DISASSEMBLY: METHOD pened without at least the use of simple hand tools 'ests were conducted to determine if these cells can b MDS/JPA: mrs PC Lbry: <<>> • File MH12383 Page T1-7 Of 7 Issued: 5-4-94 RESULTS hacksaw of two pairs of pliers was needed to open the steel The cells could not be opened without the use of tools. A casing. FIRE EXPOSURE TESTS: METHOD 2 in. diameter laboratory Meker burner fueled by methane gas at a One sample was placed on a wire screen directly above a pressure of 0.5 psig and a flow rate of 3.0 ft/h. The cells were heated until they obtained. • exploded or until ultimate results were explosions, the cells were tested in a room separate from the For protection and also to muffle the sound of any observer. further testing would be needed to evaluate The results of this test were used to determine if hazard of these cells. Five fresh cells were used in this test. • the fire exposure RESULTS view of this the Projectile (Barrier Penetration Test) test was Based on test results, the samples shot off platform. In needed. BARRIER PENETRATION TESTS: METHOD A cage consisting of an octagon frame 2 ft across and 1 ft high covered with aluminum insert screening was placed around a test cell. which the cell was placed. The top of the cage was covered by a flat section of aluminum screening held in a frame 2 by 2 ft in size. with 16-18 wires per inch in each direction. The cell was heated The screen was made from 0.010 in. diameter aluminum wire by a gas flame as described above until the cell exploded. cells were used in this test. RESULTS showed acceptable results. The samples did not penetrate the wire screen and therefore DS/JPA: mr: C Lbry - **truncated:** false - **body characters:** 33283