{"operation":"document","citation":"0900006480e850ae","title":"U.S. DOT/PHMSA - Regulatory Assessment  ","source_type":"rulemaking","agency":"Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration","status":"current","official":true,"published_on":null,"effective_on":null,"summary":"R R Re e eg g gu u ul l la a at t to o or r ry y y I I Im m mp p pa a ac c ct t t A A As s ss s se e es s ss s sm m me e en n nt t t _______________________________________ Regulatory Assessment Regulatory Flexibility Analysis Paperwork Reduction Act Analysis Draft Regulatory Evaluation Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Pipeline Safety: Applicability of Public Awareness Regulations... R R Re e eg g gu u ul l la a at t to o or r ry y y I I Im m mp p pa a ac c ct t t A A As s ss s se e es s ss s sm m me e en n nt t t with the regulatory philosophy and principles provided in Sections 1(a) and (b) and Section 6(a) (3) (C) of Executive Order 12866, an economic analysis of the proposed regulatory changes...","machine_formats":{"json":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/regulations-gov-attachment-0900006480e850ae.json","markdown":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/regulations-gov-attachment-0900006480e850ae.md"},"app_url":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/regulations-gov-attachment-0900006480e850ae","source_url":"https://downloads.regulations.gov/PHMSA-RSPA-2003-15852-0069/attachment_1.pdf","body":"<<<PAGE 1>>>\n\nR R Re e eg g gu u ul l la a at t to o or r ry y y I I Im m mp p pa a ac c ct t t A A As s ss s se e es s ss s sm m me e en n nt t t\n_______________________________________\nRegulatory Assessment\nRegulatory Flexibility Analysis\nPaperwork Reduction Act Analysis\nDraft Regulatory Evaluation\nNotice of Proposed Rulemaking\nPipeline Safety: Applicability of Public Awareness Regulations to Certain\nGas Distribution Operators\n[Docket No. PHMSA-2003-15852]\nSeptember 2006\n\n<<<PAGE 2>>>\n\nR R Re e eg g gu u ul l la a at t to o or r ry y y I I Im m mp p pa a ac c ct t t A A As s ss s se e es s ss s sm m me e en n nt t t\nRegulatory Analysis\n1. INTRODUCTION\nCurrent rules require pipeline operators to develop and implement public awareness\nprograms based on the provisions of the American Petroleum Institute’s (API’s)\nRecommended Practice RP-1162, Public Awareness Programs for Pipeline Operators.\nUnder the proposed rulemaking, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety\nAdministration (PHMSA) is proposing regulatory change with respect to public\nawareness programs. PHMSA is proposing that operators of master meter and petroleum\ngas systems whose primary business is not the distribution of gas be relieved of all\nrequirements for public awareness programs except communication with their customers.\nThese proposed changes reduce the regulatory burden on the impacted operators without\nreducing pipeline safety.\n2. BACKGROUND\nPHMSA has long recognized the intersection of public awareness, pipeline\ncommunications, and pipeline safety. Effective public awareness programs can increase\nawareness of the risks caused by unintentional pipeline releases and their impact on the\npublic and the environment. Public awareness programs help outline the steps that can be\ntaken to prevent or mitigate those risks. These programs can also improve excavation\ndamage prevention, reduce encroachment on pipeline rights-of-way, improve pipeline\nsafety, and enhance emergency response.\nTo facilitate public awareness and thereby enhance public safety, PHMSA published a\nfinal rule on public awareness programs on May 19, 2005 (70 FR 28833). That rule,\nwhich requires operators to have public awareness programs based on API RP-1162,\ncovers the gas and hazardous liquid pipelines under the regulatory jurisdiction of\nPHMSA.\nThis rule proposes regulatory relief from most public awareness requirements for master\nmeter systems and certain petroleum gas systems.\n3. APPLICABILITY OF PUBLIC AWARENESS REQUIREMENTS TO\nMASTER METER OPERATORS AND CERTAIN PETROLEUM GAS\nSYSTEMS\nMaster meter systems purchase metered gas from local natural gas distribution systems or\nother outside sources for distribution to consumers through a gas distribution pipeline\nsystem. They are generally small operations. The distribution of gas is an incidental part\nof the operator’s primary business, which is often property rental or management.1\n1 For a more complete discussion of master meter systems, see “Assessment of the Need for an Improved\nInspection Program for Master Meter Systems,” A Report of the Secretary of Transportation to Congress,\nprepared pursuant to Section 108 of Public Law 100-561, January 2002 at\n2\n\n<<<PAGE 3>>>\n\nR R Re e eg g gu u ul l la a at t to o or r ry y y I I Im m mp p pa a ac c ct t t A A As s ss s se e es s ss s sm m me e en n nt t t\nThe American Public Gas Association (APGA) filed a petition for reconsideration of the\npublic awareness program regulations, seeking modification of the requirements of\nmaster meter systems. The APGA argued, essentially, that requiring master meter\nsystems to have public awareness programs was unnecessary, because of the public\nawareness programs of the local gas distribution companies that supply the master meter\nsystems. The APGA was concerned that the duplication of effort would confuse some\nmaster meter customers, as well as local emergency responders. It was feared that neither\nwould know whom exactly they should contact or be dealing with in the case of an\nemergency.\nPHMSA agrees with the APGA’s concern, but not with its suggested alternatives. While\nthe local gas distribution company will provide information to the customers of the\nmaster meter systems to which it sells gas, the master meter operator needs to provide\ninformation to its gas customers concerning itself and how to notify it in case of an\nemergency. With respect to other aspects of public awareness programs, master meter\noperators have a longstanding exception from some communication requirements in\ndamage prevention regulations (see 49 CFR 192.614(e)). Furthermore, master meter\noperators have an obligation under 49 CFR 192.615 to maintain liaison with local\nemergency responders. PHMSA notes, however, that master meter operators lack the\nexpertise of the local gas distribution company in pipeline safety issues needed to\neffectively conduct the more extensive public awareness program requirements with\nemergency responders, local officials, excavators, and the general public. For this\nreason, PHMSA is proposing to relieve master meter system operators of these additional\nrequirements.\nPHMSA is proposing to relieve certain operators of petroleum gas systems of the\nadditional public awareness program requirements, as well. Those receiving this relief\nwould be those, like master meter systems, whose operation is incidental to their primary\nbusiness. It should be noted that some petroleum gas systems would not be given relief\nfrom the additional requirements. Many petroleum gas system operators are functionally\nequivalent to local natural gas distribution systems. The primary business of these\noperators is gas distribution, they are staffed by qualified pipeline professionals, and they\npossess the pipeline safety expertise necessary to successfully carry out a public\nawareness program.\n4. RATIONALE FOR REGULATORY ASSESSMENT\nAll proposed and final Federal regulations must undergo an economic analysis.\nExecutive Order 12866 directs all Federal agencies to develop both preliminary and final\nregulatory analyses if their proposed regulations are likely to be “significant regulatory\nactions” that may have an annual impact on the economy of $100 million. The Order\nalso requires a determination as to whether a proposed rule could adversely affect the\neconomy or a section of the economy in terms of productivity and employment, the\nenvironment, public health, safety, or State, local or tribal governments. In accordance\nhttp://ops.dot.gov/pubs/Mastermeter.pdf.\n3\n\n<<<PAGE 4>>>\n\nR R Re e eg g gu u ul l la a at t to o or r ry y y I I Im m mp p pa a ac c ct t t A A As s ss s se e es s ss s sm m me e en n nt t t\nwith the regulatory philosophy and principles provided in Sections 1(a) and (b) and\nSection 6(a) (3) (C) of Executive Order 12866, an economic analysis of the proposed\nregulatory changes must be conducted. Furthermore, the Regulatory Flexibility Act of\n1980, as amended, requires Federal agencies to conduct a separate analysis of the\neconomic impact of proposed rules on small entities.\nIn accordance with the above directives, PHMSA performed a preliminary evaluation of\nthe potential compliance costs of the proposed rule and feasible regulatory options and\nidentified those benefits that can be expressed in monetary terms. To the extent\npracticable, this is based on the available data and information from a range of pertinent\nsources. PHMSA estimates that the impact of implementing the rule will be less than\n$100 million annually, and that the rule will not adversely affect the economy or a section\nof the economy in terms of productivity and employment, the environment, public health,\nsafety, or State, local or tribal governments. PHMSA also determined, as required by the\nRegulatory Flexibility Act, that the proposed rule will not have a significant adverse\neconomic impact on a substantial number of small entities in the United States.\n5. ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED\nPHMSA had two basic options: (1) continue to require master meter operators and other\npipeline systems with similar characteristics to conform to the full set of requirements for\npublic awareness programs or (2) identify a reduced set of requirements for master meter\noperators and other pipeline systems with similar characteristics. After due\nconsideration, PHMSA concluded that it could reduce the public awareness program\nrequirements for master meter operators without compromising safety. In fact, PHMSA\nconcluded that continuing to require master meter operators to conform to the full set of\nrequirements might be confusing for the customers of the master meter systems, and thus\ndeleterious to safety, since those would be receiving public awareness program\ninformation from two distinctly different sources: (1) the master meter operator and (2)\nthe local gas distribution system operator. Furthermore, PHMSA concluded that\nreducing the public awareness program requirements for master meter operators would\nprovide those operators with regulatory relief in the form of lower costs. Since the\nsecond option would allow PHMSA to relieve the some of the cost burden on master\nmeter operators without compromising safety, it was selected and the first option was\ngiven no further consideration.\n6. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS\nIn its proposed rule on the Applicability of Public Awareness Regulations to Certain Gas\nDistribution Operators, PHMSA is amending 49 CFR 192.616. The amendment to 49\nCFR 192.616 states that the operators of master meter systems and petroleum gas\nsystems, except those that transport gas as a major part of its business, are not required to\ndevelop a public awareness program, but instead must develop and implement a written\nprocedure to provide its customers public awareness messages twice annually.\n4\n\n<<<PAGE 5>>>\n\nR R Re e eg g gu u ul l la a at t to o or r ry y y I I Im m mp p pa a ac c ct t t A A As s ss s se e es s ss s sm m me e en n nt t t\n6.1 In the remainder of this section, the impacted industry is identified, and then the\neconomic impact of the regulatory changes is considered.\nImpacted Industries, Including Identification and Characteristics of the\nPotentially Affected Industries\nThe proposed amendments will apply to master meter systems and certain petroleum gas\nsystems. PHMSA estimates that 20,000 master meter and petroleum gas systems would\nbe impacted by the proposed amendments.2 Master meter systems purchase metered gas\nfrom local natural gas distribution systems, the local public utilities providing gas to final\nconsumers, or other outside sources for resale through a gas distribution pipeline system.\nFor the purposes of this analysis, all master meter and similar petroleum gas systems are\nassumed to be small entities.\n6.2 Impact\nThe proposed regulatory change will impact pipeline operators’ public awareness\nactivities. The expected costs and benefits of the proposed regulatory change are\ndiscussed below.\n6.2.1 Costs\nThe proposed regulatory changes impose no additional costs on the impacted operators.\nRather, the proposed regulatory changes reduce the impacted operators’ costs of\ncompliance with an existing regulation.\n6.2.2 Benefits\nThe benefits attributable to the proposed rule would be those associated with the\nexemption of master meter and certain petroleum gas systems from most of the public\nawareness program requirements in API RP-1162.\nFor a pipeline operator to develop the required public awareness program, the first step\nwould be to compare its current activities with respect to public awareness with the\nguidelines presented in RP-1162. That is, the operator would essentially need to perform\na “gap analysis.” Following the gap analysis, the operator would need to develop\nprocedures to fill in where gaps are determined to exist. After that is completed, the\noperator would need to assemble a document laying out its public awareness program.\nThat document would then be submitted to PHMSA as required by current regulations.\nThese actions would only need to be undertaken once.\n2 The exact number of master meter and petroleum gas systems is unknown. Data received by PHMSA\nfrom 45 state pipeline safety agencies in 2004 shows over 6,972 master meter systems, while data received\nfrom 35 state pipeline safety agencies in 2004 shows over 926 petroleum gas systems. Because master\nmeter systems and smaller petroleum gas systems are not required to file annual reports with PHMSA,\nthese figures must be viewed as lower bounds, not upper bounds, on the total number of master meter and\npetroleum gas systems.\n5\n\n<<<PAGE 6>>>\n\nR R Re e eg g gu u ul l la a at t to o or r ry y y I I Im m mp p pa a ac c ct t t A A As s ss s se e es s ss s sm m me e en n nt t t\nOn November 25, 2003, PHMSA issued an Advisory Bulletin notifying pipeline\noperators that they must complete and submit self-assessments of their public awareness\nprograms to PHMSA or the appropriate State agency by December 17, 2003. Those self-\nassessments included questions aimed at comparing the operators’ programs with RP-\n1162.3 The operators who performed the self-assessments have effectively completed\ntheir gap analyses. PHMSA believes that approximately 50 percent of the master meter\nand petroleum gas system operators have performed these self-assessments.\nAssuming that the review of RP-1162, a 70-page document, will take approximately 40\nlabor hours by senior engineering staff and that a senior engineer working for a pipeline\noperator has a fully loaded cost of $65.07 per hour,4 the cost of reviewing RP-1162 is\nestimated to be:\n40 hours x $65.07 = $2,602.80 per pipeline operator.\nAs mentioned before, it is assumed that 50 percent of the small operators, or about 10,000\nmaster meter system operators, would need to review RP-1162 and conduct a gap\nanalysis as a direct consequence of the proposed rule. The estimated cost of this gap\nanalysis is:\n$2,602.80 x 10,000 = $26,028,000.\nThis is a one-time cost that is incurred at the start of the process of developing a public\nawareness program.\nFor master meter and petroleum gas systems, it is assumed that developing and\nimplementing the necessary changes to system operations would be trivial once a gap\nanalysis had been performed. Consequently, the cost of the gap analysis represents the\ntotal cost (development and implementation) for master meter and petroleum gas\nsystems. The other costs associated with the program are assumed to be minimal.\nUnder the current regulations, master meter and petroleum gas system operators will be\nexpected to expend over $26 million to bring their systems into compliance with the\ncurrent public awareness program regulations. Under the proposed regulatory change,\nsystem operators would realize a cost saving, since this expenditure would no longer be\nrequired. Thus, the proposed regulatory change would be expected to provide over $26\nmillion in regulatory relief to master meter systems.\n6.2.3 Benefits and Costs Comparison\n3 See http://primis.rspa.dot.gov/edu/rp1162.htm.\n4 Based on the industry-specific occupational and wage estimates provided by the U.S. Department of\nLabor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics, median hourly wage of an engineering manager (for NAICS 486000 -\npipeline transportation) is estimated as $48.20. Using an estimated fringe benefit of about 35 percent, the\nfully loaded cost of an engineering manager is estimated to be $65.07 per hour.\n6\n\n<<<PAGE 7>>>\n\nR R Re e eg g gu u ul l la a at t to o or r ry y y I I Im m mp p pa a ac c ct t t A A As s ss s se e es s ss s sm m me e en n nt t t\nAs stated above, the proposed rule is expected to result in no additional cost. The\nproposed rule is expected to result in benefits totaling over $26 million. To be cost-\nbeneficial, the proposed regulatory change must result in benefits greater than costs. That\nis the case here, and the proposed regulatory change is indeed expected to be cost-\nbeneficial.\nThis analysis has assumed that there are 20,000 master meter and petroleum gas\noperators, and that 50 percent of them have not performed a gap analysis. Information\nreceived from the states in 2004 indicates that there are at least 7,898 master meter and\npetroleum gas operators. Assuming that (1) there are exactly 7,898 master meter and\npetroleum gas operators and (2) only 25 percent of them have not performed a gap\nanalysis, costs would still be $0, but quantifiable benefits would be reduced from over\n$26 million to over $5 million (= 1975 x $2602.80). The rule would still be cost-\nbeneficial and the total cost savings to master meter and petroleum gas systems would\nstill be substantial.\n7. CONCLUSION\nThe adoption of the proposed regulatory changes represents the most cost-effective\nalternative for implementing the public awareness provisions of PSIA 2002.\nFurthermore, PHMSA expects that the adoption will have a positive net benefit for\npipeline operators, public safety, and the public environment.\n7\n\n<<<PAGE 8>>>\n\nR R Re e eg g gu u ul l la a at t to o or r ry y y I I Im m mp p pa a ac c ct t t A A As s ss s se e es s ss s sm m me e en n nt t t\nRegulatory Flexibility Analysis\nThe Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires an agency to review\nregulations to assess their impact on small entities unless the agency determines that a\nrule is not expected to have a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities.\nThe proposed revisions to the public awareness program rule will not have a significant\nimpact on a substantial number of small entities. It will, however, impact a substantial\nnumber of small entities (20,874).5\nNeed for the Proposed Rule: PHMSA presently has regulations requiring public\nawareness for gas distribution pipeline operators. Those regulations are found in 49 CFR\n192.616. PHMSA believes that an amendment to the rules is needed in order to ensure\npublic safety and the environment, while providing cost savings to industry. .\nDevelopment of this proposed rule modifying the requirements for pipeline operator\npublic awareness programs is part of a PHMSA's broader effort to promote pipeline\nsafety by fostering enhanced communication by the pipeline industry with the public and\nby fostering increased awareness by the public of pipeline operations and safety.\nDescription of Actions: The proposed rule amends the Federal pipeline safety regulations\nby exempting master meter and certain petroleum gas operations from most of the\nrequirements to develop and implement public awareness programs based on the\nprovisions of the American Petroleum Institute’s Recommended Practice 1162, Public\nAwareness Programs for Pipeline Operators (API RP-1162).\nIdentification of potentially affected small entities: For the purposes of the current\nanalysis, it is assumed that the proposed changes in the regulations will impact a total of\n20,000 operators. Those operators will consist of operators of master meter systems and\noperators of petroleum gas systems whose primary business is not gas distribution.\nPHMSA believes all are small entities.\nCompliance, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements: This proposed retains some\nexisting compliance requirements, but imposes no new ones. Master meter and certain\npetroleum gas system operators will be exempted from most of the requirements relating\nto public awareness programs based on the provisions of RP-1162. Those operators are\ncurrently not exempted from any requirements relating to public awareness programs.\nThere are no costs associated with the proposed regulatory changes, it should be noted.\nThat is, the proposed regulatory changes are expected to have a cost of $0.\nRelated Federal rules and regulations: There are no related rules or regulations issued by\nother department or agencies of the Federal Government.\n5 As defined by the Small Business Administration, small entities in the pipeline industry have either fewer\nthan 500 employees or less than $6 million in revenue, depending on the particular NAICS (North\nAmerican Industry Classification System) industry into which the entity falls. For more information, see\nwww.sba.gov/size/index.html.\n8\n\n<<<PAGE 9>>>\n\nR R Re e eg g gu u ul l la a at t to o or r ry y y I I Im m mp p pa a ac c ct t t A A As s ss s se e es s ss s sm m me e en n nt t t\nAlternate proposals for small businesses: The Regulatory Flexibility Act directs agencies\nto establish exceptions and differing compliance standards for small businesses, where it\nis possible to do so and still meet the objectives of applicable regulatory statutes. This\nproposed rule, by exempting master meter and certain petroleum gas systems from most\nof the public awareness program requirements, does just that. All of the impacted master\nmeter and petroleum gas systems are expected to be small businesses.\nConclusion: Based on available information, it can be concluded that, while this Final\nRule does apply to a substantial number of small entities (20,000), there will not be a\nsignificant economic impact to the majority of those small entities to which it does apply.\n9\n\n<<<PAGE 10>>>\n\nR R Re e eg g gu u ul l la a at t to o or r ry y y I I Im m mp p pa a ac c ct t t A A As s ss s se e es s ss s sm m me e en n nt t t\nPaperwork Reduction Act\n1. Circumstances that make collection of information necessary:\nNo additional information will need to be collected. The proposed rule provides\nregulatory relief to master meter and certain petroleum gas systems by amending the\nFederal pipeline safety regulations to exempt master meter and certain petroleum gas\noperations from most of the requirements to develop and implement public awareness\nprograms based on the provisions of the American Petroleum Institute’s Recommended\nPractice 1162, Public Awareness Programs for Pipeline Operators (API RP-1162).\nPHMSA believes that the proposed changes can be made without compromising pipeline\nsafety.\n2. How, by whom, and for what purpose is the information used:\nNot applicable. No additional information will need to be collected.\n3. Extent of automated information collection:\nNot applicable. No additional information will need to be collected.\n4. Efforts to identify duplication:\nNot applicable. No additional information will need to be collected.\n5. Efforts to minimize the burden on small businesses:\nThe master meter and petroleum gas system operators receiving regulatory relief through\nthe proposed regulations are all small operators. Their paperwork burden will be reduced\nas a consequence of the proposed regulatory changes.\n6. Impact of less frequent collection of information:\nNot applicable. No additional information will need to be collected.\n7. Special circumstances:\nNot applicable. No additional information will need to be collected.\n8. Compliance with 5 CFR 1320.8:\nNotice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) was published on September 29, 2006.\n9. Payments or gifts to respondents:\nNot applicable. No additional information will need to be collected.\n10\n\n<<<PAGE 11>>>\n\nR R Re e eg g gu u ul l la a at t to o or r ry y y I I Im m mp p pa a ac c ct t t A A As s ss s se e es s ss s sm m me e en n nt t t\n10. Assurance of confidentiality:\nNot applicable. No additional information will need to be collected.\n11. Justification for collection of sensitive information:\nNot applicable. No additional information will need to be collected.\n12. Estimate of burden hours for information requested:\nNot applicable. No additional information will need to be collected.\n13. Estimate of total annual costs to respondents:\nThere are no costs beyond those cited above.\n14. Estimate of cost to the Federal government:\nThe proposed rule imposes no additional costs on the Federal government. The proposed\nrule will actually reduce the effort needed by the Federal government to review public\nawareness program plans, since current regulations require master meter and petroleum\ngas systems to prepare such plans, and the proposed rule does away with that requirement\nfor master meter and certain petroleum gas systems. How much the burden to the Federal\ngovernment will be reduced is unknown, except that it will certainly be less than $480\nthousand, the estimated cost to the Federal government to review all public awareness\nplans (i.e., those of master meter and petroleum gas systems, as well as those of other\npipeline operators currently subject to PHMSA’s public awareness program\nrequirements).\n15. Explanation of program changes or adjustments:\nDOT currently has regulations requiring gas and hazardous liquid pipeline operators to\ndevelop and implement public awareness programs. The proposed regulatory change\nwould exempt master meter and certain petroleum gas systems from most of those\nrequirements. Instead of developing plans, the master meter and petroleum gas systems\nwould just be required to develop and implement a procedure to contact their customers\ntwice annually to provide them with public awareness messages.\nThe proposed regulatory changes will provide regulatory relief to master meter and\ncertain petroleum pipeline systems by reducing the paperwork that will need to be\nperformed by the operators of those systems. Current rules require the development and\nimplementation of a public awareness program. For master meter and petroleum gas\nsystems, PHMSA has estimated that this effort will take approximately 40 hours by a\nsenior engineering staff. Assuming that a senior engineer working for a pipeline operator\n11\n\n<<<PAGE 12>>>\n\nR R Re e eg g gu u ul l la a at t to o or r ry y y I I Im m mp p pa a ac c ct t t A A As s ss s se e es s ss s sm m me e en n nt t t\nhas a fully loaded cost of $65.07 per hour,6 the cost of developing and implementing the\nprograms for master meter and petroleum gas systems is estimated to be:\n40 hours x $65.07 = $2602.80 per pipeline operator.\nPHMSA estimates that there are 20,000 master meter and petroleum gas systems. Of\nthose, PHMSA estimates that 50 percent, or 10,000, have not yet developed and\nimplemented public awareness programs. The total cost to the 10,000 master meter and\npetroleum gas system operators would be\n$2,602.80 x 10,000 = $26,028,000.\nThe labor hour burden for the 10,000 master meter and petroleum gas system operators is\n40 x 10,000 = 400,000 labor hours\nThe proposed regulatory change would relieve master meter and petroleum gas system\noperators of 400 thousand labor hours of work that would cost them an estimated $26\nmillion.\n16. Publication of results of data collection:\nNot applicable. No additional information will need to be collected.\n17. Approval for not explaining the expiration date for OMB approval:\nThe Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration does not seek approval to\nnot display expiration date.\n18. Exceptions to certification statement:\nThere are no exceptions to the certification statement.\n6 Based on the industry-specific occupational and wage estimates provided by the U.S. Department of\nLabor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics, median hourly wage of an engineering manager (for NAICS 486000 -\npipeline transportation) is estimated as $48.20. Using an estimated fringe benefit of about 35 percent, the\nfully loaded cost of an engineering manager is estimated to be $65.07 per hour.\n12","truncated":false,"body_characters":27139}