{"operation":"document","citation":"09000064811add8f","title":"U.S. DOT/PHMSA - Final Environmental Assessment of the Longhorn Pipeline Reversal - Volume 1 of 2: Chapters 1-6","source_type":"rulemaking","agency":"Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration","status":"current","official":true,"published_on":null,"effective_on":null,"summary":"FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL VOLUME 1: CHAPTERS 1 - 6 PHMSA-2012-0175 December 2012 FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL 5.3.3.5 Process Hazard Analysis ....................................................... 5-37 5.3.3.6 Preventive and Mitigative Measures Analysis ........................ 5-38 5.3.4 CONTROL SYSTEMS (SCADA)...","machine_formats":{"json":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/regulations-gov-attachment-09000064811add8f.json","markdown":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/regulations-gov-attachment-09000064811add8f.md"},"app_url":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/regulations-gov-attachment-09000064811add8f","source_url":"https://downloads.regulations.gov/PHMSA-2012-0175-0072/attachment_1.pdf","body":"<<<PAGE 1>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE\nLONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\nVOLUME 1: CHAPTERS 1 - 6\nPHMSA-2012-0175\nDecember 2012\n\n<<<PAGE 2>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\nCONTENTS\n1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1-1\n1.1 THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS.......................................................... 1-1\n1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................ 1-1\n1.3 ROLE OF FEDERAL AGENCIES ................................................................................... 1-2\n1.4 ORGANIZATION OF THE FEA ..................................................................................... 1-3\n2.0 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT ................................ 2-1\n2.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................. 2-1\n2.2 NEED ....................................................................................................................... 2-1\n3.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT, CONNECTED ACTIONS,\nAND ALTERNATIVES ......................................................................................... 3-1\n3.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ............................................................... 3-1\n3.1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW ..................................................................................... 3-1\n3.1.2 PROJECT DETAIL .......................................................................................... 3-2\n3.2 CONNECTED ACTIONS .............................................................................................. 3-5\n3.3 3.2.1 ORION EXPANSION ........................................................................................ 3-5\n3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 ODESSA TO CRANE ....................................................................................... 3-6\nEL PASO GATEWAY ....................................................................................... 3-6\nCRANE TO EL PASO ...................................................................................... 3-6\n9TH STREET JUNCTION TO SPEED JUNCTION ................................................... 3-6\n3.2.6 EAST HOUSTON TO HOLLAND AVENUE ........................................................... 3-6\nOPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ................................................................................ 3-6\n3.4 3.3.1 PROPOSED PROJECT .................................................................................... 3-6\n3.3.2 CONNECTED ACTIONS ................................................................................... 3-8\nELIMINATION OF ALTERNATIVES FROM DETAILED CONSIDERATION ............................ 3-8\n3.5 NO-ACTION ALTERNATIVE ........................................................................................ 3-9\n4.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................... 4-1\n4.1 HUMAN RESOURCES AND LAND USES ....................................................................... 4-1\n4.1.1 REGIONAL SETTING ...................................................................................... 4-1\n4.1.1.1 4.1.1.2 4.1.1.3 Potentially Affected Communities ............................................ 4-2\nRegional Land Uses ................................................................. 4-3\nRegional Population Density .................................................... 4-4\n4.1.1.3.1 Housing .............................................................. 4-4\n4.1.1.3.2 Population .......................................................... 4-5\n4.1.1.4 Transportation Networks .......................................................... 4-5\n4.1.1.5 Parks and Natural Areas .......................................................... 4-5\n4.1.2 OTHER RECEPTORS IN THE HOUSTON AND AUSTIN AREAS ............................. 4-6\n4.1.2.1 Houston Area ........................................................................... 4-6\n4.1.2.1.1 Special Use Areas ............................................. 4-6\n4.1.2.2 Austin Area .............................................................................. 4-6\n4.1.2.2.1 Special Use Areas ............................................. 4-7\nI\n\n<<<PAGE 3>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n4.2 PHYSICAL RESOURCES ............................................................................................. 4-7\n4.2.1 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ........................................................................ 4-7\n4.2.1.1 Aquifers Traversed by the Zone of Potential Impact and\nGeneral Nature ........................................................................ 4-7\n4.2.1.2 Relative Vulnerability of Aquifers within the Zone of\nPotential Impact ....................................................................... 4-8\n4.2.1.2.1 Relative Aquifer Vulnerability Evaluation\nMethodologies .................................................... 4-8\n4.2.1.2.2 Relative Aquifer Vulnerability Evaluation ......... 4-11\n4.2.1.3 Potentially Vulnerable Public Water Supply (PWS) Water\nWells ...................................................................................... 4-22\n4.2.1.4 Identification of Sensitive Groundwater Resource Areas ....... 4-24\n4.2.2 SURFACE WATER ........................................................................................ 4-26\n4.2.2.1 Description of Surface Water Resources ............................... 4-26\n4.2.2.1.1 Description of Significant Stream\nCrossings Along Route .................................... 4-27\n4.2.2.1.2 Water Quality Downstream of Pipeline\nCrossings ......................................................... 4-29\n4.2.2.1.3 Identification of Downstream Water Users ....... 4-30\n4.2.2.2 Surface Water Resources, Including Vulnerable Areas ......... 4-34\n4.2.2.2.1 Data Sources ................................................... 4-34\n4.2.2.2.2 Identification of Surface Water Vulnerability\nto Spills ............................................................ 4-35\n4.2.2.2.2.1 Spill Mobility ..................................................... 4-35\n4.2.2.2.2.2 Ability to Contain and Remediate a Spill .......... 4-37\n4.2.2.2.2.3 Relative Importance of Potentially\nImpacted Surface Waters ................................ 4-37\n4.2.2.2.3 Summary Ranking of Stream\nVulnerabilities ................................................... 4-38\n4.2.2.3 Wetlands ................................................................................ 4-38\n4.2.3 GEOLOGIC HAZARDS ................................................................................... 4-39\n4.2.3.1 Earthquake/Seismic Hazards ................................................. 4-40\n4.2.3.2 Landslide/Mass Movement Hazards ...................................... 4-40\n4.2.3.3 Faulting/Subsidence Hazards ................................................ 4-40\n4.2.3.4 Soil Stress Hazards ............................................................... 4-41\n4.2.3.5 Scour at Stream Crossings .................................................... 4-41\n4.2.4 CLIMATE AND AIR QUALITY .......................................................................... 4-41\n4.2.4.1 Climate ................................................................................... 4-41\n4.2.4.2 Air Quality .............................................................................. 4-42\n4.3 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES ...................................................................................... 4-44\n4.3.1 TERRESTRIAL RESOURCES .......................................................................... 4-44\n4.3.1.1 Terrestrial Fauna and Flora ................................................... 4-45\n4.3.2 AQUATIC RESOURCES ................................................................................. 4-48\n4.3.2.1 Aquatic Fauna and Flora ........................................................ 4-51\n4.3.2.1.1 San Jacinto River Basin ................................... 4-52\nII\n\n<<<PAGE 4>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n4.3.2.1.2 4.3.2.1.3 Brazos River Basin .......................................... 4-53\nColorado River Basin ....................................... 4-53\n4.3.3 THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES ................................................... 4-54\n4.3.3.1 4.3.3.2 Protected Terrestrial Species ................................................. 4-55\nFederally Protected Species .................................................. 4-56\n4.3.3.2.1 State Protected Species .................................. 4-57\n4.4 CULTURAL RESOURCES ......................................................................................... 4-59\n4.4.1 PIPELINES................................................................................................ 4-59\n4.4.1.1 Proposed Project (East Houston to Crane) ............................ 4-59\n4.4.2 PUMP STATIONS ..................................................................................... 4-64\n4.4.2.1 Buckhorn Station .................................................................... 4-64\n4.4.2.2 Industry Station ...................................................................... 4-64\n4.4.2.3 Warda Station ........................................................................ 4-64\n4.4.2.4 Bastrop Station ...................................................................... 4-65\n4.4.2.5 Eckert Station ......................................................................... 4-65\n4.4.2.6 James River Station ............................................................... 4-65\n4.4.2.7 Cartman Station ..................................................................... 4-66\n4.4.2.8 Barnhart Station ..................................................................... 4-66\n4.4.2.9 Texon Station ......................................................................... 4-66\n4.4.2.10 East Houston Terminal .......................................................... 4-66\n4.5 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 4-67\n5.0 PIPELINE INTEGRITY ANALYSIS ...................................................................... 5-1\n5.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 5-1\n5.1.1 APPLICABLE REGULATIONS ........................................................................... 5-2\n5.1.1.1 5.1.1.2 5.1.1.3 Pipeline Safety Regulations ..................................................... 5-3\nLonghorn Mitigation Plan (LMP) .............................................. 5-3\nNational Oil and Hazardous Substance Pollution\nContingency Plan ..................................................................... 5-3\n5.1.1.4 Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures Plan\n(SPCC) ..................................................................................... 5-4\n5.1.1.5 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response\n(HAZWOPER) .......................................................................... 5-4\n5.1.1.6 Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Pipeline\nSecurity .................................................................................... 5-4\n5.1.2 INFORMATION ANALYZED ............................................................................... 5-4\n5.1.2.1 Key Documents ........................................................................ 5-5\n5.1.2.2 Databases ................................................................................ 5-6\n5.2 CONSTRUCTION/EXISTING SYSTEM ........................................................................... 5-6\n5.2.1 GENERAL ATTRIBUTES .................................................................................. 5-6\n5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 EFFECTS OF AGE .......................................................................................... 5-7\nMANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS .......................................... 5-8\nCOUNTERING AGE EFFECTS .......................................................................... 5-9\nMAINTENANCE REPAIRS AND REHABILITATION ............................................. 5-10\n5.2.6 FACILITIES .................................................................................................. 5-11\nIII\n\n<<<PAGE 5>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n5.2.6.1 Tanks ..................................................................................... 5-11\n5.2.6.1.1 External or In-Service Inspections ................... 5-11\n5.2.6.1.2 Internal or Out-of-Service Inspection ............... 5-11\n5.2.6.2 Pump Stations ........................................................................ 5-11\n5.2.6.3 Mainline Block Valves ............................................................ 5-12\n5.3 NORMAL OPERATIONS ............................................................................................ 5-13\n5.3.1 THREATS .................................................................................................... 5-14\n5.3.1.1 Commodity Characteristics .................................................... 5-14\n5.3.1.2 Internal Corrosion .................................................................. 5-14\n5.3.1.3 Hydrogen Blistering ................................................................ 5-15\n5.3.1.4 Surge and Hydraulic Profile ................................................... 5-16\n5.3.1.5 Cracking/Fatigue Monitoring .................................................. 5-18\n5.3.1.6 Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) .......................................... 5-18\n5.3.1.7 Incorrect Operations .............................................................. 5-19\n5.3.1.8 Security .................................................................................. 5-19\n5.3.1.9 Atmospheric Corrosion .......................................................... 5-19\n5.3.1.10 External Corrosion ................................................................. 5-20\n5.3.1.10.1 Pipe Coating. ................................................... 5-21\n5.3.1.10.2 Cathodic Protection .......................................... 5-22\n5.3.1.10.3 IR Drop (CP Voltage Measurement\nCriteria) ............................................................ 5-23\n5.3.1.10.4 Casings ............................................................ 5-24\n5.3.1.10.5 Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion\n(MIC) ................................................................ 5-25\n5.3.1.10.6 AC Induced Corrosion. ..................................... 5-25\n5.3.1.10.7 Stray Currents .................................................. 5-26\n5.3.1.10.8 Selective Seam Corrosion ............................... 5-26\n5.3.1.11 Third Party Damage ............................................................... 5-27\n5.3.1.11.1 One Call ........................................................... 5-27\n5.3.1.11.2 Public Education .............................................. 5-27\n5.3.1.11.3 Excavator Education ........................................ 5-28\n5.3.1.11.4 Depth of Cover and Exposed Pipe ................... 5-29\n5.3.1.11.5 Pipeline Markers .............................................. 5-30\n5.3.1.11.6 Pipeline Surveillance ........................................ 5-30\n5.3.1.11.7 Encroachments and ROW Maintenance .......... 5-31\n5.3.1.12 External Forces ...................................................................... 5-31\n5.3.1.12.1 Flooding ........................................................... 5-32\n5.3.1.12.2 Geohazards ..................................................... 5-32\n5.3.1.12.3 Crossings ......................................................... 5-32\n5.3.2 5.3.3 STAFFING AND TRAINING ............................................................................. 5-33\nRISK ASSESSMENT PROCESSES .................................................................. 5-33\n5.3.3.1 Operational Reliability Assessment (ORA) ............................ 5-34\n5.3.3.2 Data Management ................................................................. 5-35\n5.3.3.3 Pipeline Risk Assessment ...................................................... 5-36\n5.3.3.4 Facility Risk Assessment ....................................................... 5-37\nIV\n\n<<<PAGE 6>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n5.3.3.5 Process Hazard Analysis ....................................................... 5-37\n5.3.3.6 Preventive and Mitigative Measures Analysis ........................ 5-38\n5.3.4 CONTROL SYSTEMS (SCADA) .................................................................... 5-38\n5.3.4.1 Leak Detection ....................................................................... 5-39\n5.3.4.2 Control Room Procedures ..................................................... 5-41\n5.3.5 PIPELINE INSPECTION AND TESTING ............................................................ 5-41\n5.3.5.1 Pressure Testing .................................................................... 5-42\n5.3.5.2 In-Line Inspection (ILI) ........................................................... 5-43\n5.3.5.2.1 ILI Findings ...................................................... 5-44\n5.3.5.2.2 Follow-up Excavations ..................................... 5-46\n5.3.5.3 Visual and NDE Inspections .................................................. 5-47\n5.4 ACCIDENTAL RELEASES ......................................................................................... 5-47\n5.4.1 LEAK ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 5-47\n5.4.1.1 Leak Causes .......................................................................... 5-47\n5.4.1.2 Comparisons with Other Pipeline Leak Data ......................... 5-48\n5.4.2 SPILL AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN .................................................... 5-48\n5.4.2.1 Compliance with Regulations ................................................. 5-48\n5.4.2.2 Sensitive Areas Response ..................................................... 5-50\n5.4.2.3 Recent Emergency Response Experience ............................ 5-52\n5.4.2.4 Trench Integrity Assessment – Edwards Aquifer\nRecharge Zone ...................................................................... 5-52\n5.4.3 CONSEQUENCE POTENTIAL (COF) ............................................................... 5-53\n5.5 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................ 5-54\n5.6 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 5-54\n6.0 PIPELINE RISK ASSESSMENT .......................................................................... 6-1\n6.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 6-1\n6.2 THREATS .................................................................................................................. 6-1\n6.2.1.1 Internal Corrosion .................................................................... 6-2\n6.2.1.2 Hydrogen Blistering .................................................................. 6-5\n6.2.1.3 Surge and Hydraulic Profile ..................................................... 6-6\n6.2.1.4 Cracking/ Fatigue Monitoring ................................................... 6-7\n6.2.1.5 Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) ............................................ 6-8\n6.2.1.6 Incorrect Operations ................................................................ 6-8\n6.2.1.7 Security .................................................................................... 6-9\n6.2.1.8 Atmospheric Corrosion .......................................................... 6-10\n6.2.1.9 External Corrosion ................................................................. 6-10\n6.2.1.9.1 Pipe Coatings ................................................... 6-11\n6.2.1.9.2 Cathodic Protection and CP Verifications ........ 6-11\n6.2.1.9.3 IR Drop (CP Voltage Measurement\nCriteria) ............................................................ 6-12\n6.2.1.9.4 Casings ............................................................ 6-13\n6.2.1.9.5 Microbiological Influenced Corrosion (MIC) ..... 6-13\n6.2.1.9.6 AC Induced Corrosion ...................................... 6-14\n6.2.1.9.7 Stray Currents .................................................. 6-14\nV\n\n<<<PAGE 7>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n6.2.1.9.8 Selective Seam Corrosion (SSC) ..................... 6-15\n6.2.1.10 Third Party Damage ............................................................... 6-15\n6.2.1.10.1 One Call ........................................................... 6-16\n6.2.1.10.2 Public Education .............................................. 6-16\n6.2.1.10.3 Excavator Education ........................................ 6-17\n6.2.1.10.4 Depth of Cover and Exposed Pipe ................... 6-18\n6.2.1.10.5 Pipeline Markers .............................................. 6-18\n6.2.1.10.6 Pipeline Surveillance ........................................ 6-19\n6.2.1.10.7 Encroachments and ROW Maintenance .......... 6-19\n6.2.1.11 External Forces ...................................................................... 6-20\n6.2.1.11.1 Flooding ........................................................... 6-20\n6.2.1.11.2 Geohazards ..................................................... 6-21\n6.2.1.11.3 Crossings ......................................................... 6-21\n6.2.2 6.2.3 STAFFING AND TRAINING ............................................................................. 6-21\nRISK ASSESSMENT PROCESSES .................................................................. 6-21\n6.2.3.1 ORA ....................................................................................... 6-21\n6.2.3.2 Data Management ................................................................. 6-22\n6.2.3.3 Pipeline Risk Assessment ...................................................... 6-22\n6.2.3.4 Facility Risk Assessment ....................................................... 6-22\n6.2.3.5 PHA/LOPA ............................................................................. 6-23\n6.2.4 CONTROL SYSTEMS (SCADA) .................................................................... 6-23\n6.2.4.1 Leak Detection ....................................................................... 6-23\n6.2.4.2 Control Room Procedures ..................................................... 6-24\n6.2.5 PIPELINE INSPECTION AND TESTING ............................................................ 6-24\n6.2.5.1 Pressure Testing .................................................................... 6-24\n6.2.5.2 In-Line Inspections (ILI) ......................................................... 6-25\n6.2.6 SPILL AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS .................................................. 6-25\n6.2.7 WORST CASE SPILL VOLUME ...................................................................... 6-25\n6.3 CONSEQUENCE POTENTIAL (COF) .......................................................................... 6-26\n6.4 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................ 6-27\n6.5 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 6-27\nVI\n\n<<<PAGE 8>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\nTABLES\nTable 4.1.1-1 Apartment Facilities within the Zone of Potential Impact of Proposed\nProject\nTable 4.1.1-2 Population within the Zone of Potential Impact of Proposed Project by MP\nSegment\nTable 4.1.2-1 Vulnerable Receptors within the Zone of Potential Impact of the Proposed\nProject in the Houston Area\nTable 4.1.2-2 Vulnerable Receptors within the Zone of Potential Impact of the Proposed\nProject in the Austin Area\nTable 4.2.1-1 Table 4.2.1-2 Aquifers Within the Zone of Potential Impact of the Proposed Project\nTCEQ Aquifer Average DRASTIC Index and Vulnerability Ranking of\nAquifers within the Zone of Potential Impact of the Proposed Project\nTable 4.2.1-3 Pettyjohn et. al. Aquifer Classification and Vulnerability of Aquifers Within\nthe Zone of Potential Impact of the Proposed Project\nTable 4.2.1-4 Table 4.2.1-5 Table 4.2.2-1 Groundwater Resource Area Sensitivity Ranking\nPublic Water Supply Wells Within the Zone of Potential Impact\nSummary of Chemical Analyses on Surface Water Samples from\nSTORET Stations Within the Zone of Potential Impact of the Proposed\nProject\nTable 4.2.2-2 Summary of 2008 Texas 303(d) Stream Segments Within the Zone of\nPotential Impact of the Proposed Project\nTable 4.2.2-3 Distances from Stream Crossings to Downstream Water Rights Within the\nZone of Potential Impact of the Proposed Project\nTable 4.2.2-4 Table 4.2.2-5 Table 4.2.2-6 Ranking of Stream Crossings in Terms of Spill Transport Potential\nRanking of Stream Crossings in Terms of Spill Control Potential\nRanking of Stream Crossings in Terms of Downstream Resource\nImportance as a Water Supply\nTable 4.2.2-7 Table 4.2.2-8 Summary of Vulnerability Rankings, Surface Water Crossings\nWetlands Inventory for Proposed Project from East Houston/9th Street\nJunction to Crane\nTable 4.3.1-1 Threatened and Endangered Species of Possible Occurrence Within the\nZone of Potential Impact of the Proposed Project1\nTable 5.1.1-1 Compliance Audit Findings\nTable 5.2.1-1a Pipe Characteristics\nTable 5.2.1-1b Pipe Characteristics Detail by Manufacturer\nTable 5.2.1-1c Pipe Characteristics Detail by Coating Type\nTable 5.2.1-2 Overview of Pipeline Construction Specifications\nTable 5.2.6-1 Valve Locations and Types for the Longhorn Pipeline\nTable 5.2.6-2 Locations of Check Valves Installed per LCRA Settlement and Valve\nStudies\nTable 5.2.6-3 Estimated Maximum Release Volumes\nTable 5.3.1-1 ILI Tool Runs\nTable 5.3.1-2 ILI Features Summary\nTable 5.3.1-3 Pressure-Cycle-Induced Fatigue Cracking Analysis from the 2010 ORA\nfor the Current Westward Product Flow Direction\nVII\n\n<<<PAGE 9>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\nTable 5.3.1-4 Table 5.3.4-1 Table 5.3.4-1a Table 5.3.5-1 Table 5.3.5-2 Table 5.3.5-3 Table 5.3.5-4 Table 5.4.1-1 Table 5.4.1-2 Table 5.4.1-3 Table 5.4.1-4 Table 5.4.1-5 Table 5.4.1-6 Test Point Exceptions for 2011\nAlarm and Shutdown Devices\nLeak Detection System Alarm and Response Table\nBasic Inspection and Test Methods\nSummary of Hydrostatic Tests\nSummary of Hydrostatic Tests (2005 to 2011)\nSummary of ILI Repair Criteria\nPipeline and Facility Spill Data Since 2002\nSummary of Cause of Release for Facilities\nSummary of Cause of Release for Pipeline (Not Facilities)\nTexas Reportable Incidents and Frequencies\nUS Reportable Incidents and Frequencies\nLonghorn Reportable Incident Frequencies\nVIII\n\n<<<PAGE 10>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\nFIGURES\nFigure 3.1-1 Project Location of Longhorn Pipeline\nFigure 3.2-1a Project Location of Connected Actions\nFigure 3.2-1b Project Location of Connected Actions\nFigure 4.1.2-1a Houston Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.1.2-1b Houston Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.1.2-1c Houston Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.1.2-1d Houston Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.1.2-1e Houston Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.1.2-1f Houston Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.1.2-1g Houston Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.1.2-1h Houston Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.1.2-1i Houston Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.1.2-2a Austin Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.1.2-2b Austin Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.1.2-2c Austin Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.1.2-2d Austin Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.1.2-2e Austin Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.1.2-2f Austin Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.1.2-2g Austin Area Land Use and Housing Density\nFigure 4.2.1-1 Major Aquifers\nFigure 4.2.1-2 Minor Aquifers\nFigure 4.2.1-3a Public Water Supply Wells within Zone of Impact\nFigure 4.2.1-3b Public Water Supply Wells within Zone of Impact\nFigure 4.2.1-3c Public Water Supply Wells within Zone of Impact\nFigure 4.2.1-3d Public Water Supply Wells within Zone of Impact\nFigure 4.2.2-1 Hydrography with Surface Water Rights per TCEQ Database\nFigure 4.2.2-2 Hydrography with STORET Stations\nFigure 4.2.2-3 Houston Area TMDLs\nFigure 4.2.2-4 Satsuma Area TMDLs\nFigure 4.2.2-5 Austin Area TMDLs\nFigure 4.2.2-6 Pedernales Falls State Park API\nFigure 4.2.2-7 Pipeline Crossings within Pedernales State Park API\nFigure 4.2.2-8 Surface Water Vulnerability Methodology Flow Chart\nFigure 4.3.1-1 ECO Regions\nIX\n\n<<<PAGE 11>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\nAPPENDICES\nAppendix 3 SIP Overview\nAppendix 4A Highway and Railroad Crossings\nAppendix 4B Biological Assessment\nAppendix 4C Programmatic Agreement\nAppendix 4D SHPO Concurrence Letter\nAppendix 5A Referenced Procedures of the 2012 Magellan SIP\nAppendix 5B Valve Schematic\nAppendix 5C Trench Integrity and Construction Methodology of the Magellan Longhorn\nPipeline from Mile Post 169.88 to 188.8\nAppendix 5D Trench Integrity Inspection Report of the Magellan Longhorn Pipeline\nfrom Mile Post 169.88 to 173.38\nAppendix 6A Risk Assessment Methodology\nAppendix 6B Crude Oil Specifications\nAppendix 6C EnhanceCo. Report\nAppendix 6D Drag Reducing Agent Material Safety Data Sheet\nAppendix 6E Referenced Procedures of the 2012 Magellan SIP\nAppendix 6F Surge Analysis Summary\nAppendix 6G Risk Implication Matrix\nAppendix 6H Spartan Engineering Report\nX\n\n<<<PAGE 12>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\nACRONYMS\nµm Micrometers\nAAQS Ambient Air Quality Standards\nACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation\nAHPA archeological high probability area\nAPE area of potential effect\nAPI Area of Primary Influence\nBA Biological Assessment\nBEG Bureau of Economic Geology\nBFZ Balcones Fault Zone\nBG Block Group\nbgl below ground level\nBLM Bureau of Land Management\nBMP best management practices\nBO Biological Opinion\nbpd barrels per day\nBSEACD Barton Springs/Edwards Aquifer Conservation District\nCDC Center for Disease Control\nCDP census designated place\nCEQ Council on Environmental Quality\nCFR Code of Federal Regulations\nCO carbon monoxide\nCO2 carbon dioxide\nCOA City of Austin\nCoF Consequence of Potential\nCP Cathodic Protection\nCPM Computational Pipeline Monitoring\nCT census tract\nDEM Digital Elevation Model\nDOC depth of cover\nDOI Department of Interior\nDOT US Department of Transportation\nDRASTIC EPA Methodology Standardized System used for evaluating\ngroundwater\nEA Environmental Assessment\nEFRD emergency flow reduction devices\nEGP Electronic geometry pig\nEIS Environmental Impact Statement\nEJ Environmental Justice\nEO Executive Order\nEPA US Environmental Protection Agency\nESA Endangered Species Act\nESL Effects Screening Level\nXXX\n\n<<<PAGE 13>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\nFBE fusion bonded epoxy\nFEA Final Environmental Assessment\nFM Farm-to-Market\nFR Federal Register\nFRP Facility Response Plan\nft2/d feet squared per day\nUSFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\nGAM Groundwater Availability Modeling\nGHG greenhouse gas\nGIS Geographic Information System\nGLO General Land Office\ngpm gallons per minute\nGW groundwater\nH2S hydrogen sulfide\nHAP hazardous air pollutant\nHAZWOPER Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response\nHC Hill Country\nHCA High Consequence Area\nHCFCD Harris County Flood Control District\nHHS Department of Health and Human Services\nHIC hydrogen induced cracking\nIH Interstate Highway\nILI in-line inspection\nIMP Integrated Management Plan\nIP implementation plan\nLAER lowest achievable emission rate\nLCRA Lower Colorado River Authority\nLDAR leak detection and repair\nLMC Longhorn Mitigation Commitment\nLMP Longhorn Mitigation Plan\nLOPA layer of protection analysis\nLST Localized Significance Thresholds\nMASP maximum allowable surge pressure\nMCL maximum contaminant level\nmg/l milligrams per liter\nMIC microbiological influenced corrosion\nMOCR Management of Change Request\nMP milepost\nMS4 municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s)\nMSL mean sea level\nMTBE Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether\nMUD Municipality Utility District\nNAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards\nNACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers\nXXXI\n\n<<<PAGE 14>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\nNAIP National Agricultural Inventory Program\nNDE non-destructive examination\nNEIC National Enforcement Investigations Center\nNEPA National Environmental Policy Act\nNFPA National Fire Protection Agency\nNHD National Hydrography Dataset\nNHPA National Historic Preservation Act\nNLCD National Land Cover Database\nNNSR nonattainment new source review\nNO2 nitrogen dioxide\nNOx oxides of nitrogen\nNPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System\nNPMS National Pipeline Mapping System\nNPS National Park Service\nNRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service\nNRHP National Register of Historic Places\nNWI National Wetland Inventory\nO3 ozone\nOPS Office of Pipeline Safety\nORA Operational Reliability Assessment\nOSHA Occupational Health and Safety Administration\nPA Programmatic Agreement\nPb lead\nPGA peak ground acceleration\nPHA Process Hazard Analysis\nPHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration\nPLDS pipeline leak detection system\nPOE probability of exceedance\nPoF probability of failure\nPM particulate matter\nPM10 particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers (um) or less\nPM2.5 particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers (um) or less\nppb parts per billion\nPWS Public Water System\nQRA quantitative risk assessment\nREMM Riparian Emergency Management Model\nROW right-of-way\nRRC Texas Railroad Commission\nRSPA Research and Special Programs Administration\nSCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems\nSCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District\nSCC stress corrosion cracking\nSDWA Safe Drinking Water Act\nSHPO State Historic Preservation Officer\nXXXII\n\n<<<PAGE 15>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\nSIP System Integrity Plan\nSO2 sulfur dioxide\nSO4 Sulfates\nSPCC spill prevention, control, and countermeasure\nSSESR Site Specific Environmental Study Report\nSTORET EPA database\nSWSA Source Water Susceptibility Assessment\nT&E threatened and endangered\nTAS Turpin & Sons, Inc.\nTCEQ Texas Commission on Environmental Quality\nTDS total dissolved solids\nTEA Texas Education Agency\nTHC Texas Historical Commission\nTHPO Tribal Historic Preservation Officer\nTMDL Total Maximum Daily Load\nTNRIS Texas Natural Resources Information System\nTPDES Texas Pollutant Discharge Elimination System\nTPWD Texas Parks and Wildlife Department\nTWDB Texas Water Development Board\nTxDOT Texas Department of Transportation\nTXNDD Texas Natural Diversity Database\nUSACE United States Army Corp of Engineers\nUSC United States Code\nUSGS United States Geologic Survey\nUT University of Texas\nUTPB University of Texas Permian Basin\nVOC volatile organic compounds\nWCID Water Control and Improvement District\nWPP watershed protection plans\nWSD water supply district\nXXXIII\n\n<<<PAGE 16>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n1.0 INTRODUCTION\n1.1 THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS\nThe Pipeline and Hazardous Safety Administration (PHMSA) has prepared this final\nenvironmental assessment (FEA) in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act\n(NEPA) (42 USC §§ 4321–4347) and the Council on Environmental Quality’s (CEQ) NEPA\nImplementing Regulations (40 CFR Parts 1500–1508). NEPA provides a framework to evaluate\na proposed project or “Federal action” and the potential of that action to have significant effects\nthe human environment. The NEPA process helps the decision maker and the public\nunderstand and evaluate the potential environmental impacts of a proposed action prior to an\nagency’s final decision on the proposal. Another goal of NEPA is to facilitate public involvement.\nTherefore, PHMSA prepared a draft FEA and sought comments from interested members of the\npublic. This FEA reflects changes in responses to these comments. Additionally, a list of the\ncomment’s and PHMSA’s responses are posted in the docket at regulations.gov, docket\n“PHMSA-2012-0175.”\n1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION\nThe existing Longhorn Pipeline runs from El Paso, Texas to Houston, Texas and is owned and\noperated by Magellan Pipeline Company, L.P (Magellan). The Longhorn Pipeline currently\ntransports refined petroleum products east to west, from Houston to El Paso. The proposed\nproject would convert a segment of the Longhorn Pipeline from Crane, Texas to East Houston,\nTexas to crude oil service and reverse the flow, so that crude oil would flow west to east, from\nCrane to Houston. Longhorn would continue to transport refined products east to west, from\nCrane to El Paso, by connecting to the existing Orion West Pipeline that is located to the north\nof the Longhorn Pipeline and runs from Frost, Texas to El Paso, Texas. In the proposed\nproject, refined products would flow from the Orion West Pipeline to the Longhorn Pipeline via\nan existing pipeline segment from Odessa, Texas to Crane, Texas. The refined products would\nthen enter the Longhorn Pipeline at Crane and flow west to El Paso.\nThe Longhorn Pipeline System’s current operations are subject to the Longhorn Mitigation Plan\n(LMP). A summary of the Longhorn Mitigation Commitments is provided in Appendix 9A of this\ndocument. The LMP was developed following litigation regarding a reversal that took place in\n2005. At that time, the Longhorn Pipeline transported crude oil west to east, and the proposed\naction was to reverse the flow to transport refined petroleum. As part of the LMP, the Research\nand Special Programs Administration (RSPA)1 and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\n(EPA), Region 6 agreed to conduct an “Enhanced EA”, (1999 EA) for that project. RSPA and\nEPA Region 6 issued a joint finding of no significant impact (FONSI) on November 3, 2000. The\n1 At the time of the litigation, PHMSA was the Research and Special Programs Administration.\n1-1\n\n<<<PAGE 17>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n1999 EA and the FONSI documents are available of the EPA Region 6 website at\nhttp://www.epa.gov/region6/6en/xp/longhorn.htm.\nAlthough PHMSA does not normally serve as a lead agency for pipeline construction projects\nbecause it has no authority over pipeline siting, the LMP includes a provision for NEPA\nadherence for some future construction activities. Therefore, PHMSA has prepared this FEA for\nthe proposed changes to the pipeline. Although this EA is independent of the 1999 EA, PHMSA\nincorporates applicable sections within the 1999 EA by reference to avoid repetitive discussions\nand focus on pertinent issues for discussion (40 CFR 1502.21).\nLike the 1999 EA, an environmental contractor helped prepare this FEA by assisting with the\ntechnical analyses and preparing drafts of the FEA. PHMSA approved the hiring of Zephyr\nEnvironmental Corporation (hereinafter, Contractor), which is based in Austin, Texas, to prepare\ndrafts of this FEA. Magellan funded the technical analyses performed by the Contractor. This\narrangement puts the cost burden on the project proponent while ensuring that the study\ndirection and decision-making is solely in the control of the Federal Government.\n1.3 ROLE OF FEDERAL AGENCIES\nPHMSA is responsible for regulating the transportation of hazardous liquids via pipeline\npursuant to the Pipeline Safety Laws, 49 USC § 60101 et seq. PHMSA has promulgated and\nenforces the Pipeline S","truncated":true,"body_characters":2841901}