{"operation":"document","citation":"09000064811add91","title":"U.S. DOT/PHMSA - Final Environmental Assessment of the Longhorn Pipeline Reversal - Volume 2 of 2: Chapters 7-11","source_type":"rulemaking","agency":"Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration","status":"current","official":true,"published_on":null,"effective_on":null,"summary":"FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL VOLUME 2: CHAPTERS 7 - 11 PHMSA-2012-0175 December 2012 FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL 9.3.2.3 Hydrogen Blistering of Laminations ....................................... 9-22 9.3.2.4 Surge and Hydraulic Profile ................................................... 9-22 9.3.2.5 Cracking/Fatigue Monitoring...","machine_formats":{"json":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/regulations-gov-attachment-09000064811add91.json","markdown":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/regulations-gov-attachment-09000064811add91.md"},"app_url":"https://regulus.evalyn.ai/document/regulations-gov-attachment-09000064811add91","source_url":"https://downloads.regulations.gov/PHMSA-2012-0175-0073/attachment_1.pdf","body":"<<<PAGE 1>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE\nLONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\nVOLUME 2: CHAPTERS 7 - 11\nPHMSA-2012-0175\nDecember 2012\n\n<<<PAGE 2>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\nCONTENTS\n7.0 POTENTIAL IMPACTS ANALYSIS ..................................................................... 7-1\n7.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 7-1\n7.1.1 IMPACTS CLASSIFICATION ............................................................................. 7-1\n7.1.2 EVENT TYPES ............................................................................................... 7-1\n7.1.3 EVALUATING IMPACTS .................................................................................. 7-1\n7.1.3.1 Gasoline versus Crude Oil ....................................................... 7-2\n7.1.3.2 Ignition ..................................................................................... 7-3\n7.1.3.3 Leaks versus Ruptures ............................................................ 7-3\n7.1.3.3.1 Leaks ................................................................. 7-3\n7.2 7.3 7.1.3.3.2 Ruptures ............................................................ 7-4\nHUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY ................................................................................... 7-4\n7.2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 7-4\n7.2.2 IMPACTS ....................................................................................................... 7-4\n7.2.2.1 Construction ............................................................................. 7-4\n7.2.2.2 Normal Operations ................................................................... 7-5\n7.2.2.3 Accidental Releases ................................................................ 7-5\n7.2.2.3.1 Leaks ................................................................. 7-7\n7.2.2.3.2 Ruptures ............................................................ 7-7\n7.2.3 SENSITIVE RECEPTORS ................................................................................. 7-7\n7.2.4 SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 7-8\nIMPACTS TO GROUNDWATER .................................................................................... 7-8\n7.3.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 7-8\n7.3.2 IMPACTS ....................................................................................................... 7-9\n7.3.2.1 Construction ............................................................................. 7-9\n7.3.2.2 Normal Operations ................................................................... 7-9\n7.3.2.3 Accidental Releases ................................................................ 7-9\n7.3.2.3.1 Leaks ................................................................. 7-9\n7.3.2.3.2 Ruptures .......................................................... 7-10\n7.3.3 SENSITIVE AREAS/RECEPTORS ................................................................... 7-11\n7.3.3.1 Karst Aquifers (including Edwards, Trinity-Hill Country,\nand Edwards-Trinity) .............................................................. 7-12\n7.3.3.2 Fractured Rock Aquifers ........................................................ 7-13\n7.3.3.3 Porous Media Aquifers ........................................................... 7-13\n7.3.4 SENSITIVE GROUNDWATER RESOURCES ..................................................... 7-15\n7.3.4.1 Drinking Water ....................................................................... 7-16\n7.3.4.2 Recreational Uses .................................................................. 7-16\n7.3.4.3 Aquifer Aquatic Habitat Uses ................................................. 7-17\n7.3.5 AGRICULTURAL USES ................................................................................. 7-17\n7.3.6 SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 7-18\n7.4 AQUATIC BIOLOGY ................................................................................................. 7-18\n7.4.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 7-18\n7.4.2 IMPACTS ..................................................................................................... 7-18\n7.4.2.1 Construction ........................................................................... 7-18\nI\n\n<<<PAGE 3>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n7.4.2.2 Normal Operations ................................................................. 7-19\n7.4.2.3 Accidental Releases .............................................................. 7-19\n7.4.2.3.1 Leaks ............................................................... 7-19\n7.4.2.3.2 Ruptures .......................................................... 7-20\n7.4.3 AQUATIC THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES .................................... 7-21\n7.4.4 SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 7-25\n7.5 TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGY .......................................................................................... 7-25\n7.6 7.5.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 7-25\n7.5.2 IMPACTS ..................................................................................................... 7-25\n7.5.2.1 Construction ........................................................................... 7-25\n7.5.2.2 Normal Operations ................................................................. 7-27\n7.5.2.3 Accidental Releases .............................................................. 7-27\n7.5.2.3.1 Leaks ............................................................... 7-27\n7.5.2.3.2 Ruptures .......................................................... 7-28\n7.5.3 TERRESTRIAL THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES ............................ 7-29\n7.5.3.1 Construction ........................................................................... 7-29\n7.5.3.2 Normal Operations ................................................................. 7-31\n7.5.3.3 Accidental Releases .............................................................. 7-31\n7.5.3.3.1 Leaks ............................................................... 7-31\n7.5.3.3.2 Ruptures .......................................................... 7-32\n7.5.4 SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 7-33\nIMPACTS TO SURFACE WATER ................................................................................ 7-33\n7.6.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 7-33\n7.6.2 IMPACTS ..................................................................................................... 7-33\n7.6.2.1 Construction ........................................................................... 7-33\n7.6.2.2 Normal Operations ................................................................. 7-34\n7.6.2.3 Accidental Releases .............................................................. 7-34\n7.6.3 POTENTIAL IMPACTS TO THE LOWER COLORADO RIVER BASIN .................... 7-36\n7.6.3.1 Rivers and Streams ............................................................... 7-36\n7.6.3.2 Lakes ..................................................................................... 7-39\n7.6.3.2.1 Lake Travis and Pedernales Watershed\nStudies ............................................................. 7-39\n7.6.3.2.2 7.6.3.2.3 Sandy Creek/Llano River and Lake LBJ .......... 7-40\nBarton Creek Watershed and Lady Bird\nLake ................................................................. 7-40\n7.7 7.6.4 RANKING OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS TO SENSITIVE AREAS .............................. 7-41\n7.6.4.1 Drinking Water Impacts .......................................................... 7-42\n7.6.4.2 Agricultural Impacts ............................................................... 7-42\n7.6.4.3 Recreational Impacts ............................................................. 7-43\n7.6.4.4 Impacts to Wetlands .............................................................. 7-43\n7.6.4.4.1 Construction ..................................................... 7-43\n7.6.5 SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 7-44\nIMPACTS TO AIR QUALITY AND METEOROLOGY ....................................................... 7-45\n7.6.4.4.2 Normal Operations ........................................... 7-44\n7.6.4.4.3 Accidental Releases ........................................ 7-44\nII\n\n<<<PAGE 4>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n7.8 7.9 7.10 7.7.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 7-45\n7.7.2 IMPACTS ..................................................................................................... 7-46\n7.7.2.1 Construction Emissions ......................................................... 7-46\n7.7.2.2 Operational Emissions ........................................................... 7-47\n7.7.2.3 Accidental Releases .............................................................. 7-48\n7.7.2.4 Noise ...................................................................................... 7-48\n7.7.2.5 Impacts to Houston-Galveston-Brazoria Ozone\nNonattainment Area Air Quality ............................................. 7-49\n7.7.3 SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 7-51\nIMPACTS TO TRANSPORTATION ............................................................................... 7-51\n7.8.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 7-51\n7.8.2 IMPACTS ..................................................................................................... 7-51\n7.8.2.1 Construction ........................................................................... 7-51\n7.8.2.2 Normal Operations ................................................................. 7-52\n7.8.2.3 Accidental Releases .............................................................. 7-52\n7.8.3 SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 7-52\nIMPACTS TO LAND USE ........................................................................................... 7-53\n7.9.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 7-53\n7.9.2 IMPACTS ..................................................................................................... 7-53\n7.9.2.1 Construction ........................................................................... 7-53\n7.9.2.2 Normal Operations ................................................................. 7-54\n7.9.2.3 Accidental Releases .............................................................. 7-54\n7.9.3 SENSITIVE AREAS/RECEPTORS ................................................................... 7-54\n7.9.3.1 Parks and Natural Areas ........................................................ 7-54\n7.9.3.2 Urban Areas ........................................................................... 7-54\n7.9.4 SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 7-55\nARCHAEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES ....................................... 7-55\n7.10.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 7-55\n7.10.2 IMPACTS ..................................................................................................... 7-56\n7.10.2.1 Construction ........................................................................... 7-56\n7.10.2.2 Normal Operations ................................................................. 7-57\n7.10.2.3 Accidental Releases .............................................................. 7-57\n7.10.3 PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES ................................................................ 7-58\n7.10.4 SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 7-58\n7.11 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 7-58\n8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE .............................................................................. 8-1\n8.1 PURPOSE OF EJ ANALYSIS ....................................................................................... 8-1\n8.2 EVALUATION APPROACH .......................................................................................... 8-1\n8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 IDENTIFY POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT .......................... 8-2\nIDENTIFY POTENTIAL MINORITY AND LOW-INCOME POPULATIONS ................... 8-2\nDISPROPORTIONATE IMPACTS ANALYSIS ........................................................ 8-3\n8.3 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 8-6\n9.0 PROPOSED PROJECT MITIGATIONS ............................................................... 9-1\nIII\n\n<<<PAGE 5>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n9.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 9-1\n9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION ................................................................................... 9-3\n9.2.1 CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................................ 9-3\n9.2.1.1 Health and Human Safety ........................................................ 9-3\n9.2.1.2 Groundwater ............................................................................ 9-3\n9.2.1.3 Aquatic Biology ........................................................................ 9-4\n9.2.1.4 Terrestrial Biology .................................................................... 9-4\n9.2.1.5 Surface Water .......................................................................... 9-5\n9.2.1.5.1 Wetlands ............................................................ 9-5\n9.2.1.6 Air Quality and Meteorology ..................................................... 9-5\n9.2.1.7 Transportation .......................................................................... 9-6\n9.2.1.8 Land Use .................................................................................. 9-6\n9.2.1.9 Archaeological and Paleontological Resources ....................... 9-7\n9.2.1.10 Required Permits ..................................................................... 9-7\n9.2.1.10.1 LMP Changes .................................................... 9-8\n9.2.2 NORMAL OPERATIONS .................................................................................. 9-8\n9.2.2.1 Health and Human Safety ........................................................ 9-8\n9.2.2.2 Groundwater ............................................................................ 9-8\n9.2.2.3 Aquatic Biology ........................................................................ 9-8\n9.2.2.4 Terrestrial Biology .................................................................... 9-9\n9.2.2.5 Surface Water .......................................................................... 9-9\n9.2.2.5.1 Wetlands ............................................................ 9-9\n9.2.2.6 Air Quality and Meteorology ................................................... 9-10\n9.2.2.7 Transportation ........................................................................ 9-10\n9.2.2.8 Land Use ................................................................................ 9-10\n9.2.2.9 Archaeological and Paleontological Resources ..................... 9-10\n9.2.3 ACCIDENTAL RELEASES .............................................................................. 9-11\n9.2.3.1 Health and Human Safety ...................................................... 9-11\n9.2.3.1.1 Potential for Explosion and Fire ....................... 9-11\n9.2.3.1.2 Potential for Chemical Exposure ...................... 9-11\n9.2.3.2 Groundwater .......................................................................... 9-13\n9.2.3.3 Aquatic Biology ...................................................................... 9-14\n9.2.3.4 Terrestrial Biology .................................................................. 9-14\n9.2.3.5 Surface Water ........................................................................ 9-14\n9.2.3.5.1 Wetlands .......................................................... 9-17\n9.2.3.6 Air Quality and Meteorology ................................................... 9-17\n9.2.3.7 Transportation ........................................................................ 9-17\n9.2.3.8 Land Use ................................................................................ 9-17\n9.2.3.9 Archaeological and Paleontological Resources ..................... 9-17\n9.2.3.10 Environmental Justice ............................................................ 9-18\n9.3 SYSTEM INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT .......................................................................... 9-18\n9.3.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 9-18\n9.3.2 THREATS .................................................................................................... 9-19\n9.3.2.1 Commodity Characteristics – Crude Composition ................. 9-19\n9.3.2.2 Internal Corrosion .................................................................. 9-19\nIV\n\n<<<PAGE 6>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n9.3.2.3 Hydrogen Blistering of Laminations ....................................... 9-22\n9.3.2.4 Surge and Hydraulic Profile ................................................... 9-22\n9.3.2.5 Cracking/Fatigue Monitoring .................................................. 9-23\n9.3.2.6 Stress Corrosion Cracking ..................................................... 9-23\n9.3.2.7 Incorrect Operations .............................................................. 9-24\n9.3.2.8 Security .................................................................................. 9-24\n9.3.2.9 Atmospheric Corrosion .......................................................... 9-24\n9.3.2.10 External Corrosion ................................................................. 9-25\n9.3.2.10.1 Pipe Coatings ................................................... 9-26\n9.3.2.10.2 Cathodic Protection and CP Verifications ........ 9-26\n9.3.2.10.3 IR Drop (CP Voltage Measurement\nCriteria) ............................................................ 9-27\n9.3.2.10.4 Casings ............................................................ 9-27\n9.3.2.10.5 Microbiological Influenced Corrosion (MIC) ..... 9-28\n9.3.2.10.6 AC Induced Corrosion ...................................... 9-29\n9.3.2.10.7 Stray Currents .................................................. 9-29\n9.3.2.10.8 Selective Seam Corrosion (SSC) ..................... 9-30\n9.3.2.11 Third Party Damage ............................................................... 9-31\n9.3.2.11.1 One Call ........................................................... 9-31\n9.3.2.11.2 Public Education .............................................. 9-31\n9.3.2.11.3 Excavator Education ........................................ 9-32\n9.3.2.11.4 Depth of Cover and Exposed Pipe ................... 9-33\n9.3.2.11.5 Pipeline Markers .............................................. 9-33\n9.3.2.11.6 Pipeline Surveillance ........................................ 9-34\n9.3.2.11.7 Encroachments and ROW Maintenance .......... 9-35\n9.3.2.12 External Forces ...................................................................... 9-35\n9.3.2.12.1 Flooding ........................................................... 9-36\n9.3.2.12.2 Geohazards ..................................................... 9-36\n9.3.2.12.3 Crossings ......................................................... 9-36\n9.3.3 RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESSES .................................................................. 9-36\n9.3.3.1 Operational Reliability Assessment (ORA) ............................ 9-37\n9.3.3.2 PHA/ LOPA ............................................................................ 9-37\n9.3.3.3 Data Management ................................................................. 9-38\n9.3.3.3.1 Material Documentation Plan ........................... 9-40\n9.3.3.4 Pipeline Risk Model ............................................................... 9-44\n9.3.3.4.1 Conservatism ................................................... 9-45\n9.3.3.4.2 Aggregation of Risk Measurements ................. 9-45\n9.3.3.4.3 PoF Thresholds ................................................ 9-46\n9.3.3.4.4 Basis of PoF Thresholds .................................. 9-47\n9.3.3.4.5 Application of PoF Thresholds ......................... 9-47\n9.3.3.5 PoF and CoF Integration ........................................................ 9-48\n9.4 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 9-49\n9.5 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 9-49\n10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CONNECTED ACTIONS .................... 10-1\n10.1 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT OF CONNECTED ACTIONS ............................................... 10-1\nV\n\n<<<PAGE 7>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n10.1.1 ORION WEST EXPANSION ..................................................................... 10-1\n10.1.1.1 Human Resources and Land Uses ........................................ 10-1\n10.1.1.1.1 Human Health and Safety ................................ 10-1\n10.1.1.1.1.1 Potentially Affected\nCommunities ............................... 10-1\n10.1.1.1.1.2 Regional Population\nDensity Analysis ......................... 10-1\n10.1.1.1.2 Transportation Networks .................................. 10-2\n10.1.1.1.3 Land Use .......................................................... 10-2\n10.1.1.1.3.1 10.1.1.1.3.2 Regional Land Uses ................... 10-2\nParks and Natural Areas ............ 10-3\n10.1.1.1.4 Environmental Justice ...................................... 10-3\n10.1.1.2 Physical Resources ............................................................... 10-5\n10.1.1.2.1 Groundwater Resources .................................. 10-5\n10.1.1.2.2 Surface Water ................................................ 10-10\n10.1.1.2.3 Geologic Hazards .......................................... 10-17\n10.1.1.2.4 Air Quality ...................................................... 10-20\n10.1.1.2.5 Climate ........................................................... 10-21\n10.1.1.2.5.1 Air Quality ................................. 10-22\n10.1.1.3 Ecological Resources .......................................................... 10-23\n10.1.1.3.1 Terrestrial Resources ..................................... 10-23\n10.1.1.3.1.1 Terrestrial Fauna ...................... 10-25\n10.1.1.3.1.2 Terrestrial Flora ........................ 10-28\n10.1.1.3.2 Aquatic Resources ......................................... 10-29\n10.1.1.3.3 Threatened and Endangered Species ........... 10-31\n10.1.1.3.3.1 Protected Terrestrial\nSpecies ...................................... 10-31\n10.1.1.3.3.2 Protected Aquatic Species ...... 10-32\n10.1.1.4 Cultural Resources .............................................................. 10-32\n10.1.1.4.1 Historic Properties .......................................... 10-32\n10.1.2 ODESSA TO CRANE .............................................................................. 10-33\n10.1.2.1 Human Resources and Land Uses ...................................... 10-33\n10.1.2.1.1 Human Health and Safety .............................. 10-33\n10.1.2.1.1.1 Potentially Affected\nCommunities ............................. 10-33\n10.1.2.1.1.2 Regional Population\nDensity Analysis ....................... 10-33\n10.1.2.1.2 Transportation Networks ................................ 10-34\n10.1.2.1.3 Land Use ........................................................ 10-34\n10.1.2.1.4 Environmental Justice .................................... 10-34\n10.1.2.2 Physical Resources ............................................................. 10-35\n10.1.2.2.1 Groundwater Resources ................................ 10-35\n10.1.2.2.2 Surface Water ................................................ 10-35\n10.1.2.2.3 Geologic Hazards .......................................... 10-39\n10.1.2.2.4 Air Quality ...................................................... 10-40\n10.1.2.2.4.1 Climate ....................................... 10-40\nVI\n\n<<<PAGE 8>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n10.1.2.2.4.2 Air Quality ................................. 10-40\n10.1.2.3 Ecological Resources .......................................................... 10-40\n10.1.2.3.1 Terrestrial Resources ..................................... 10-40\n10.1.2.3.1.1 Terrestrial Fauna ...................... 10-41\n10.1.2.3.1.2 Terrestrial Flora ........................ 10-42\n10.1.2.3.2 Aquatic Resources ......................................... 10-43\n10.1.2.3.3 Threatened and Endangered Species ........... 10-43\n10.1.2.3.3.1 Protected Terrestrial\nSpecies ...................................... 10-44\n10.1.2.3.3.2 Protected Aquatic Species ...... 10-44\n10.1.2.4 Cultural Resources .............................................................. 10-44\n10.1.2.4.1 Historic Properties .......................................... 10-44\n10.1.3 EL PASO GATEWAY .............................................................................. 10-45\n10.1.3.1 Human Resources and Land Uses ...................................... 10-45\n10.1.3.1.1 Human Health and Safety .............................. 10-45\n10.1.3.1.1.1 Potentially Affected\nCommunities ............................. 10-45\n10.1.3.1.1.2 Regional Population\nDensity Analysis ....................... 10-46\n10.1.3.1.2 Transportation Networks ................................ 10-46\n10.1.3.1.3 Land Use ........................................................ 10-46\n10.1.3.1.4 Environmental Justice .................................... 10-47\n10.1.3.2 Physical Resources ............................................................. 10-47\n10.1.3.2.1 Groundwater Resources ................................ 10-47\n10.1.3.2.2 Surface Water ................................................ 10-48\n10.1.3.2.3 Geologic Hazards .......................................... 10-49\n10.1.3.2.4 Air Quality ...................................................... 10-50\n10.1.3.2.4.1 Climate ....................................... 10-50\n10.1.3.2.4.2 Air Quality ................................. 10-51\n10.1.3.3 Ecological Resources .......................................................... 10-51\n10.1.3.3.1 Terrestrial Resources ..................................... 10-51\n10.1.3.3.1.1 Terrestrial Fauna ...................... 10-51\n10.1.3.3.1.2 Terrestrial Flora ........................ 10-52\n10.1.3.3.2 Aquatic Resources ......................................... 10-53\n10.1.3.3.3 Threatened and Endangered Species ........... 10-53\n10.1.3.3.3.1 Protected Terrestrial\nSpecies ...................................... 10-53\n10.1.3.3.3.2 Protected Aquatic Species ...... 10-53\n10.1.3.4 Cultural Resources .............................................................. 10-54\n10.1.3.4.1 Historic Properties .......................................... 10-54\n10.1.4 CRANE TO EL PASO .............................................................................. 10-54\n10.1.4.1 Human Resources and Land Uses ...................................... 10-54\n10.1.4.1.1 Human Health and Safety .............................. 10-54\n10.1.4.1.1.1 Potentially Affected\nCommunities ............................. 10-54\nVII\n\n<<<PAGE 9>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n10.1.4.1.1.2 Regional Population\nDensity Analysis ....................... 10-54\n10.1.4.1.2 Transportation Networks ................................ 10-55\n10.1.4.1.3 Land Use ........................................................ 10-55\n10.1.4.1.4 Environmental Justice .................................... 10-56\n10.1.4.2 Physical Resources ............................................................. 10-57\n10.1.4.2.1 Groundwater Resources ................................ 10-57\n10.1.4.2.2 Surface Water ................................................ 10-58\n10.1.4.2.3 Geologic Hazards .......................................... 10-62\n10.1.4.2.4 Air Quality ...................................................... 10-64\n10.1.4.2.4.1 Climate ....................................... 10-64\n10.1.4.2.4.2 Air Quality ................................. 10-65\n10.1.4.3 Ecological Resources .......................................................... 10-65\n10.1.4.3.1 Terrestrial Resources ..................................... 10-65\n10.1.4.3.1.1 Terrestrial Fauna ...................... 10-66\n10.1.4.3.1.2 Terrestrial Flora ........................ 10-67\n10.1.4.3.2 Aquatic Resources ......................................... 10-67\n10.1.4.3.3 Threatened and Endangered Species ........... 10-68\n10.1.4.3.3.1 Protected Terrestrial\nSpecies ...................................... 10-68\n10.1.4.3.3.2 Protected Aquatic Species ...... 10-68\n10.1.4.4 Cultural Resources .............................................................. 10-69\n10.1.4.4.1 Historic Properties .......................................... 10-69\n10.1.5 9TH STREET JUNCTION TO SPEED JUNCTION ................................... 10-69\n10.1.5.1 Human Resources and Land Uses ...................................... 10-69\n10.1.5.1.1 Human Health and Safety .............................. 10-69\n10.1.5.1.1.1 Potentially Affected\nCommunities ............................. 10-69\n10.1.5.1.1.2 Regional Population\nDensity Analysis ....................... 10-70\n10.1.5.1.2 Transportation Networks ................................ 10-70\n10.1.5.1.3 Land Use ........................................................ 10-70\n10.1.5.1.4 Environmental Justice .................................... 10-71\n10.1.5.2 Physical Resources ............................................................. 10-72\n10.1.5.2.1 Groundwater Resources ................................ 10-72\n10.1.5.2.2 Surface Water ................................................ 10-72\n10.1.5.2.3 Geologic Hazards .......................................... 10-75\n10.1.5.2.4 Air Quality ...................................................... 10-76\n10.1.5.2.4.1 Climate ....................................... 10-76\n10.1.5.2.4.2 Air Quality ................................. 10-77\n10.1.5.3 Ecological Resources .......................................................... 10-77\n10.1.5.3.1 Terrestrial Resources ..................................... 10-77\n10.1.5.3.1.1 Terrestrial Fauna ...................... 10-78\n10.1.5.3.1.2 Terrestrial Flora ........................ 10-79\n10.1.5.3.2 Aquatic Resources ......................................... 10-79\n10.1.5.3.3 Threatened and Endangered Species ........... 10-80\nVIII\n\n<<<PAGE 10>>>\n\n10.2 10.3 FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n10.1.6.2 Physical Resources ............................................................. 10-84\n10.1.6.2.1 Groundwater Resources ................................ 10-84\n10.1.6.2.2 Surface Water ................................................ 10-84\n10.1.5.3.3.1 Protected Terrestrial\nSpecies ...................................... 10-80\n10.1.5.3.3.2 Protected Aquatic Species ...... 10-81\n10.1.5.4 Cultural Resources .............................................................. 10-81\n10.1.5.4.1 Historic Properties .......................................... 10-81\n10.1.6 EAST HOUSTON TO HOLLAND AVENUE ............................................. 10-81\n10.1.6.1 Human Resources and Land Uses ...................................... 10-81\n10.1.6.1.1 Human Health and Safety .............................. 10-81\n10.1.6.1.1.1 Potentially Affected\nCommunities ............................. 10-81\n10.1.6.1.1.2 Regional Population\nDensity Analysis ....................... 10-82\n10.1.6.1.2 Transportation Networks ................................ 10-82\n10.1.6.1.3 Land Use ........................................................ 10-82\n10.1.6.1.4 Environmental Justice .................................... 10-83\n10.1.6.2.3 Geologic Hazards .......................................... 10-87\n10.1.6.2.4 Air Quality ...................................................... 10-89\n10.1.6.2.4.1 Climate ....................................... 10-89\n10.1.6.2.4.2 Air Quality ................................. 10-89\n10.1.6.3 Ecological Resources .......................................................... 10-89\n10.1.6.3.1 Terrestrial Resources ..................................... 10-89\n10.1.6.3.2 Aquatic Resources ......................................... 10-89\n10.1.6.3.3 Threatened and Endangered Species ........... 10-90\n10.1.6.4 Cultural Resources .............................................................. 10-91\n10.1.6.4.1 Historic Properties .......................................... 10-91\nPIPELINE RISK ASSESSMENT OF CONNECTED ACTION ........................................... 10-91\nPOTENTIAL IMPACTS ANALYSIS OF CONNECTED ACTIONS ..................................... 10-94\n10.3.1 ORION WEST EXPANSION ................................................................... 10-95\n10.3.1.1 Human Resources and Land Uses ...................................... 10-95\n10.3.1.1.1 Impacts to Human Health and Safety ............ 10-95\n10.3.1.1.1.1 Construction ............................. 10-95\n10.3.1.1.1.2 Normal Operations ................... 10-95\n10.3.1.1.1.3 Accidental Releases ................. 10-96\nImpacts to Transportation .............................. 10-97\n10.3.1.1.2.1 Construction ............................. 10-97\n10.3.1.1.2.2 Normal Operations ................... 10-98\n10.3.1.1.2.3 Accidental Releases ................. 10-98\nImpacts to Land Use ...................................... 10-98\n10.3.1.1.3.1 Construction ............................. 10-98\n10.3.1.1.3.2 Normal Operations ................... 10-99\n10.3.1.1.3.3 Accidental Releases ................. 10-99\n10.3.1.1.4 Environmental Justice .................................... 10-99\n10.3.1.1.2 10.3.1.1.3 IX\n\n<<<PAGE 11>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n10.3.1.2.2 10.3.1.2.3 10.3.1.3.2 10.3.1.3.3 10.3.1.2 Physical Resources ........................................................... 10-100\n10.3.1.2.1 Impacts to Groundwater ............................... 10-100\n10.3.1.2.1.1 Construction ........................... 10-101\n10.3.1.2.1.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-101\n10.3.1.2.1.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-101\nImpacts to Surface Water ............................ 10-102\n10.3.1.2.2.1 Construction ........................... 10-102\n10.3.1.2.2.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-103\n10.3.1.2.2.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-103\nImpacts to Air Quality ................................... 10-106\n10.3.1.2.3.1 Construction ........................... 10-107\n10.3.1.2.3.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-108\n10.3.1.2.3.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-108\n10.3.1.3 Ecological Resources ........................................................ 10-109\n10.3.1.3.1 Impacts to Terrestrial Resources ................. 10-109\n10.3.1.3.1.1 Construction ........................... 10-109\n10.3.1.3.1.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-110\n10.3.1.3.1.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-110\nImpacts to Aquatic Resources ..................... 10-111\n10.3.1.3.2.1 Construction ........................... 10-112\n10.3.1.3.2.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-113\n10.3.1.3.2.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-113\nImpacts to Threatened and Endangered\nSpecies ........................................................ 10-115\n10.3.1.3.3.1 Construction ........................... 10-115\n10.3.1.3.3.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-117\n10.3.1.3.3.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-117\nImpacts to Wetlands .................................... 10-119\n10.3.1.3.4.1 Construction ........................... 10-119\n10.3.1.3.4.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-119\n10.3.1.3.4.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-119\n10.3.1.4 Cultural Resources ............................................................ 10-120\n10.3.1.4.1 Impacts to Historic Properties ...................... 10-120\n10.3.1.4.1.1 Construction ........................... 10-120\n10.3.1.4.1.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-120\n10.3.1.4.1.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-120\n10.3.2 ODESSA TO CRANE ............................................................................ 10-121\n10.3.2.1 Human Resources and Land Uses .................................... 10-121\n10.3.2.1.1 Impacts to Human Health and Safety .......... 10-121\n10.3.2.1.1.1 Construction ........................... 10-121\n10.3.2.1.1.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-121\n10.3.2.1.1.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-121\nImpacts to Transportation ............................ 10-122\n10.3.2.1.2.1 Construction ........................... 10-122\n10.3.2.1.2.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-122\n10.3.2.1.2.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-122\n10.3.1.3.4 10.3.2.1.2 X\n\n<<<PAGE 12>>>\n\nFINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LONGHORN PIPELINE REVERSAL\n10.3.2.1.3 10.3.2.2.2 10.3.2.2.3 Impacts to Land Use .................................... 10-123\n10.3.2.1.3.1 Construction ........................... 10-123\n10.3.2.1.3.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-123\n10.3.2.1.3.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-123\n10.3.2.1.4 Environmental Justice .................................. 10-123\n10.3.2.2 Physical Resources ........................................................... 10-123\n10.3.2.2.1 Impacts to Groundwater ............................... 10-123\n10.3.2.2.1.1 Construction ........................... 10-124\n10.3.2.2.1.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-124\n10.3.2.2.1.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-124\nImpacts to Surface Water ............................ 10-125\n10.3.2.2.2.1 Construction ........................... 10-126\n10.3.2.2.2.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-126\n10.3.2.2.2.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-126\nImpacts to Air Quality ................................... 10-127\n10.3.2.2.3.1 Construction ........................... 10-127\n10.3.2.2.3.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-128\n10.3.2.2.3.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-128\n10.3.2.3 Ecological Resources ........................................................ 10-128\n10.3.2.3.1 Impacts to Terrestrial Resources ................. 10-128\n10.3.2.3.1.1 Construction ........................... 10-128\n10.3.2.3.1.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-129\n10.3.2.3.1.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-129\nImpacts to Aquatic Resources ..................... 10-129\n10.3.2.3.2.1 Construction ........................... 10-129\n10.3.2.3.2.2 Normal Operations ................. 10-129\n10.3.2.3.2.3 Accidental Releases ............... 10-130\nImpacts to Threatened and Endangered\nSpecies ......................","truncated":true,"body_characters":2118169}