(a) The level of non-fixed (removable)contamination radioactivemust contaminationbe kept as low as reasonably achievable on the external surfaces of each package, conveyance, freight container, and overpack offered for transport, mustand bethe keptinternal assurfaces lowof aseach reasonablyconveyance, achievablefreight container, and overpack in which inner packages or receptacles of Class 7 (radioactive) materials are offered for transport.
(1) TheExcluding the interior surfaces of the containment system of packages and the internal surfaces of a conveyance, freight container, tank, or intermediate bulk container dedicated to the transport of unpackaged radioactive material in accordance with § 173.427(c) and remaining under that specific exclusive use, the level of non-fixed radioactive contamination may not exceed the limits set forth in tableTable 119 and must be determined by either:
(1i) Wiping an area of 300 squarecm centimeters2 of the surface concerned with an absorbent material, using moderate pressure, and measuring the activity on the wiping material. Sufficient measurements must be taken in the most appropriate locations to yield a representative assessment of the non-fixed contamination levels. The amount of radioactivity measured on any single wiping material, whendivided averagedby over the surface area wiped and divided by the efficiency of the wipe procedure (the fraction of non-fixed contamination transferred from the surface to the absorbent material), may not exceed the limits set forth in tableTable 11 9
at any time during transport
;
.
or
(2)
For
Using
this
other
purpose
methods
the
of
actual
assessment
wipe
of
efficiency
equal
may
or
be
greater efficiency
used
,
in
or
which case
the
wipe
efficiency
of
may
the
be
method
assumed
used
to
must
be
taken
0.10;
into
or
(ii)
account
Alternatively,
and
the
level of
non-fixed contamination
on
may
the
be
external
determined
surfaces
by
using other methods
of
the
equal
package
or
may
greater
efficiency.
(2) A conveyance used for non-exclusive use shipments is
not
exceed
required
ten
to
times
be
the
surveyed
limits
unless
set
there
forth
is
in
reason
table
to
11,
suspect
that it may exhibit contamination.
Table 9 is
as follows:
Table
11
9
—Non-Fixed External Radioactive Contamination
-Wipe
Limits
for Packages
Contaminant Maximum permissible limits Bq/cm2 uCi/cm2 dpm/cm2
1.
Beta and gamma emitters and low toxicity alpha emitters
0.
4 10
−
5
4
22
240
2.
All other alpha emitting radionuclides 0.
04
4
10−
6
5
2.2
24
(b)
Except
In
as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, in
the case of packages transported as exclusive use shipments by rail or public highway only,
the
except
removable
as
provided in paragraph
(
d) of this section, at any time during transport the
non-fixed
)
radioactive
contamination on
the external surface of
any package
,
at
as
well as on the associated accessible internal surfaces of
any
time
conveyance,
during
overpack,
transport
or
freight container,
may not exceed ten times the levels prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section. The levels at the beginning of transport may not exceed the levels prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section.
(c) Except as provided in
paragraph
paragraphs
(
a) and (
d) of this section, each
transport
conveyance,
vehicle
overpack,
freight container, tank, or intermediate bulk container
used for transporting Class 7 (radioactive) materials as an exclusive use shipment that utilizes the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section
,
§ 173.427(b)(4), or § 173.427(c)
must be surveyed with appropriate radiation detection instruments after each
exclusive
use
transport
.
A
Except
vehicle
as
provided in paragraphs (a) and (d) of this section, these items
may not be returned to
Class 7 (radioactive) materials exclusive use transport
service
,
until
and
then only for a subsequent exclusive use shipment utilizing one of
the
above cited provisions, unless the
radiation dose rate at each accessible surface is 0.005 mSv per hour (0.5 mrem per hour) or less, and there is no significant
removable (
non-fixed
)
radioactive
surface contamination as specified in paragraph (a) of this section.
The requirements of this paragraph do not address return to service of items outside of the above cited provisions.
(d) Paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section do not apply to any closed transport vehicle used solely for the
exclusive use
transportation by highway or rail of Class 7 (radioactive) material
packages
with contamination levels that do not exceed
10
ten
times the levels prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section if—
(1) A survey of the interior surfaces of the empty vehicle shows that the radiation dose rate at any point does not exceed 0.1 mSv
/h
per hour
(10 mrem
per hour
/h
) at the surface or 0.02 mSv
/h
per hour
(2 mrem
per hour
/h
) at 1
meter
m
(3.3 feet) from the surface;
(2) Each vehicle is
marked (e.g.
stenciled
)
with the words “For Radioactive Materials Use Only” in letters at least 76 millimeters (3 inches) high in a conspicuous place on both sides of the exterior of the vehicle; and
(3) Each vehicle is kept closed except for loading or unloading
; and
(4) Each vehicle is placarded in accordance with subpart F of part 172 of this subchapter
.
[Amdt
(e) If it is evident that a package of radioactive material, or conveyance carrying unpackaged radioactive material, is leaking, or if it is suspected that the package, or conveyance carrying unpackaged material, may have leaked, access to the package or conveyance must be restricted and, as soon as possible, the extent of contamination and the resultant radiation level of the package or conveyance must be assessed
.
173-244
The scope of the assessment must include
,
60
as
FR
applicable,
50307
the package
,
Sept
the conveyance, the adjacent loading and unloading areas, and, if necessary, all other material which has been carried in the conveyance
.
28
When necessary
,
1995
additional steps for the protection of persons
,
as
property,
amended
and
by
the
Amdt
environment must be taken to overcome and minimize the consequences of such leakage
.
173-244
Packages
,
61
and
conveyances carrying unpackaged material, which are leaking radioactive contents in excess of limits for normal conditions of transport may be removed to an interim location under supervision, but must not be forwarded until repaired or reconditioned and decontaminated, or as approved by the Associate Administrator.
[79
FR
20753
40616
,
May
July
8
11
,
1996
2014
]
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