RegulusPipeline research

Search Updates Timeline Research Projects Coverage Profile

Menu

Search Updates Timeline Research Projects Coverage Profile

Open research interfaceRegulatory evidence, ready for agents.

Public, read-only access. No account or API key required.

Start herellms.txt InstructionsLLM guide API contractOpenAPI WorkflowAgent skill ConnectMCP setup

Regulus · Pipeline research

About Terms Privacy

Source-first · Read-only · Citation-ready

49 CFR 179.301 - Individual specification requirements for multi-unit tank car tanks. | Regulus

Add to project

Projects

No projects yet

Export Official source

Point-in-time view requested for 1996-10-01. Showing the nearest checked snapshot on or before that date: 1996-10-01.Return to current

Regulation documentation

49 CFR Part 179

Location

titleTitle 49 — Transportation subtitleSubtitle B — Other Regulations Relating to Transportation chapterChapter I — Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Department of Transportation subchapterSubchapter C — Hazardous Materials Regulations partPart 179 subpartSubpart E—Specifications for Multi-Unit Tank Car Tanks (Classes DOT-106A and 110AW)

20 sections

Subpart A—Introduction, Approvals and Reports8

§ 179.1General.§ 179.2Definitions and abbreviations.§ 179.3Procedure for securing approval.§ 179.4Changes in specifications for tank cars.§ 179.5Certificate of construction.§ 179.6Repairs and alterations.§ 179.7Quality assurance program.§ 179.8Limitation on actions by states, local governments, and Indian tribes.

Subpart B—General Design Requirements11

§ 179.10Tank mounting.§ 179.11Welding certification.§ 179.12Interior heater systems.§ 179.13Tank car capacity and gross weight limitation.§ 179.14Coupler vertical restraint system.§ 179.15Pressure relief devices.§ 179.16Tank-head puncture-resistance systems.§ 179.18Thermal protection systems.§ 179.20Service equipment; protection systems.§ 179.22Marking.§ 179.24Stamping.

Subpart C—Specifications for Pressure Tank Car Tanks (Classes DOT-105, 109, 112, 114 and 120)31

§ 179.100General specifications applicable to pressure tank car tanks.§ 179.100-1-1 Tanks built under these specifications shall comply with the requirements of §§ 179.100, 179.101 and when applicable, §§ 179.102 and 179.103.§ 179.100-3-3 Type.§ 179.100-4-4 Insulation.§ 179.100-6-6 Thickness of plates.§ 179.100-7-7 Materials.§ 179.100-8-8 Tank heads.§ 179.100-9-9 Welding.§ 179.100-10-10 Postweld heat treatment.§ 179.100-12-12 Manway nozzle, cover and protective housing.§ 179.100-13-13 Venting, loading and unloading valves, measuring and sampling devices.§ 179.100-14-14 Bottom outlets.§ 179.100-16-16 Attachments.§ 179.100-17-17 Closures for openings.§ 179.100-18-18 Tests of tanks.§ 179.100-19-19 Tests of safety relief valves.§ 179.100-20-20 Stamping.§ 179.101Individual specification requirements applicable to pressure tank car tanks.§ 179.101-1-1 Individual specification requirements.§ 179.102Special commodity requirements for pressure tank car tanks.§ 179.102-1-1 Carbon dioxide, refrigerated liquid.§ 179.102-2-2 Chlorine.§ 179.102-3-3 Materials poisonous by inhalation.§ 179.102-4-4 Vinyl fluoride, stabilized.§ 179.102-17-17 Hydrogen chloride, refrigerated liquid.§ 179.103Special requirements for class 114A * * * tank car tanks.§ 179.103-1-1 Type.§ 179.103-2-2 Manway cover.§ 179.103-3-3 Venting, loading and unloading valves, measuring and sampling devices.§ 179.103-4-4 Safety relief devices and pressure regulators.§ 179.103-5-5 Bottom outlets.

Subpart D—Specifications for Non-Pressure Tank Car Tanks (Classes DOT-111AW, 115AW, and 117AW)69

§ 179.200General specifications applicable to non-pressure tank car tanks (Class DOT-111, DOT-117).§ 179.200-1-1 Tank built under these specifications must meet the applicable requirements in this part.§ 179.200-3-3 Type.§ 179.200-4-4 Insulation.§ 179.200-6-6 Thickness of plates.§ 179.200-7-7 Materials.§ 179.200-8-8 Tank heads.§ 179.200-9-9 Compartment tanks.§ 179.200-10-10 Welding.§ 179.200-11-11 Postweld heat treatment.§ 179.200-13-13 Manway ring or flange, pressure relief device flange, bottom outlet nozzle flange, bottom washout nozzle flange and other attachments and openings.§ 179.200-14-14 Expansion capacity.§ 179.200-15-15 Closures for manways.§ 179.200-16-16 Gauging devices, top loading and unloading devices, venting and air inlet devices.§ 179.200-17-17 Bottom outlets.§ 179.200-19-19 Reinforcements, when used, and appurtenances not otherwise specified.§ 179.200-21-21 Closures for openings.§ 179.200-22-22 Test of tanks.§ 179.200-23-23 Tests of pressure relief valves.§ 179.200-24-24 Stamping.§ 179.201Individual specification requirements applicable to non-pressure tank car tanks.§ 179.201-1-1 Individual specification requirements.§ 179.201-2-2 [Reserved]§ 179.201-3-3 Lined tanks.§ 179.201-4-4 Material.§ 179.201-5-5 Postweld heat treatment and corrosion resistance.§ 179.201-6-6 Manways and manway closures.§ 179.201-8-8 Sampling device and thermometer well.§ 179.201-9-9 Gauging device.§ 179.201-10-10 Water capacity marking.§ 179.201-11-11 Insulation.§ 179.202Individual specification requirements applicable to DOT-117 tank car tanks.§ 179.202-1-1 Applicability.§ 179.202-2-2 [Reserved]§ 179.202-3-3 Approval to operate at 286,000 gross rail load (GRL).§ 179.202-4-4 Thickness of plates.§ 179.202-5-5 Tank head puncture resistance system.§ 179.202-6-6 Thermal protection system.§ 179.202-7-7 Jackets.§ 179.202-8-8 Bottom outlets.§ 179.202-9-9 Top fittings protection.§ 179.202-11-11 Individual specification requirements.§ 179.202-12-12 Performance standard requirements (DOT-117P).§ 179.202-13-13 Retrofit standard requirements (DOT-117R).§ 179.203-179.202-22§§ 179.203-179.202-22 [Reserved]§ 179.220General specifications applicable to nonpressure tank car tanks consisting of an inner container supported within an outer shell (class DOT-115).§ 179.220-1-1 Tanks built under these specifications must meet the requirements of §§ 179.220 and 179.221.§ 179.220-3-3 Type.§ 179.220-4-4 Insulation.§ 179.220-6-6 Thickness of plates.§ 179.220-7-7 Materials.§ 179.220-8-8 Tank heads.§ 179.220-9-9 Compartment tanks.§ 179.220-10-10 Welding.§ 179.220-11-11 Postweld heat treatment.§ 179.220-13-13 Inner container manway nozzle and cover.§ 179.220-14-14 Openings in the tanks.§ 179.220-15-15 Support system for inner container.§ 179.220-16-16 Expansion capacity.§ 179.220-17-17 Gauging devices, top loading and unloading devices, venting and air inlet devices.§ 179.220-18-18 Bottom outlets.§ 179.220-20-20 Reinforcements, when used, and appurtenances not otherwise specified.§ 179.220-22-22 Closure for openings.§ 179.220-23-23 Test of tanks.§ 179.220-24-24 Tests of pressure relief valves.§ 179.220-25-25 Stamping.§ 179.220-26-26 Stenciling.§ 179.221Individual specification requirements applicable to tank car tanks consisting of an inner container supported within an outer shell.§ 179.221-1-1 Individual specification requirements.

Subpart E—Specifications for Multi-Unit Tank Car Tanks (Classes DOT-106A and 110AW)20

§ 179.300General specifications applicable to multi-unit tank car tanks designed to be removed from car structure for filling and emptying (Classes DOT-106A and 110AW).§ 179.300-1-1 Tanks built under these specifications shall meet the requirements of §§ 179.300 and 179.301.§ 179.300-3-3 Type and general requirements.§ 179.300-4-4 Insulation.§ 179.300-6-6 Thickness of plates.§ 179.300-7-7 Materials.§ 179.300-8-8 Tank heads.§ 179.300-9-9 Welding.§ 179.300-10-10 Postweld heat treatment.§ 179.300-12-12 Protection of fittings.§ 179.300-13-13 Venting, loading and unloading valves.§ 179.300-14-14 Attachments not otherwise specified.§ 179.300-15-15 Pressure relief devices.§ 179.300-16-16 Tests of tanks.§ 179.300-17-17 Tests of pressure relief devices.§ 179.300-18-18 Stamping.§ 179.300-19-19 Inspection.§ 179.300-20-20 Reports.§ 179.301Individual specification requirements for multi-unit tank car tanks.§ 179.302[Reserved]

Subpart F—Specification for Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car Tanks and Seamless Steel Tanks (Classes DOT-113 and 107A)44

§ 179.400General specification applicable to cryogenic liquid tank car tanks.§ 179.400-1-1 General.§ 179.400-3-3 Type.§ 179.400-4-4 Insulation system and performance standard.§ 179.400-5-5 Materials.§ 179.400-6-6 Bursting and buckling pressure.§ 179.400-7-7 Tank heads.§ 179.400-8-8 Thickness of plates.§ 179.400-9-9 Stiffening rings.§ 179.400-10-10 Sump or siphon bowl.§ 179.400-11-11 Welding.§ 179.400-12-12 Postweld heat treatment.§ 179.400-13-13 Support system for inner tank.§ 179.400-14-14 Cleaning of inner tank.§ 179.400-15-15 Radioscopy.§ 179.400-16-16 Access to inner tank.§ 179.400-17-17 Inner tank piping.§ 179.400-18-18 Test of inner tank.§ 179.400-19-19 Valves and gages.§ 179.400-20-20 Pressure relief devices.§ 179.400-21-21 Test of pressure relief valves.§ 179.400-22-22 Protective housings.§ 179.400-23-23 Operating instructions.§ 179.400-24-24 Stamping.§ 179.400-25-25 Stenciling.§ 179.401Individual specification requirements applicable to inner tanks for cryogenic liquid tank car tanks.§ 179.401-1-1 Individual specification requirements.§ 179.500Specification DOT-107A * * * * seamless steel tank car tanks.§ 179.500-1-1 Tanks built under these specifications shall meet the requirements of § 179.500.§ 179.500-3-3 Type and general requirements.§ 179.500-4-4 Thickness of wall.§ 179.500-5-5 Material.§ 179.500-6-6 Heat treatment.§ 179.500-7-7 Physical tests.§ 179.500-8-8 Openings in tanks.§ 179.500-10-10 Protective housing.§ 179.500-11-11 Loading and unloading valves.§ 179.500-12-12 Pressure relief devices.§ 179.500-13-13 Fixtures.§ 179.500-14-14 Test of tanks.§ 179.500-15-15 Handling of tanks failing in tests.§ 179.500-16-16 Tests of pressure relief devices.§ 179.500-17-17 Marking.§ 179.500-18-18 Inspection and reports.

Browse regulation

Subpart A—Introduction, Approvals and Reports8

§ 179.1General.§ 179.2Definitions and abbreviations.§ 179.3Procedure for securing approval.§ 179.4Changes in specifications for tank cars.§ 179.5Certificate of construction.§ 179.6Repairs and alterations.§ 179.7Quality assurance program.§ 179.8Limitation on actions by states, local governments, and Indian tribes.

Subpart B—General Design Requirements11

§ 179.10Tank mounting.§ 179.11Welding certification.§ 179.12Interior heater systems.§ 179.13Tank car capacity and gross weight limitation.§ 179.14Coupler vertical restraint system.§ 179.15Pressure relief devices.§ 179.16Tank-head puncture-resistance systems.§ 179.18Thermal protection systems.§ 179.20Service equipment; protection systems.§ 179.22Marking.§ 179.24Stamping.

Subpart C—Specifications for Pressure Tank Car Tanks (Classes DOT-105, 109, 112, 114 and 120)31

§ 179.100General specifications applicable to pressure tank car tanks.§ 179.100-1-1 Tanks built under these specifications shall comply with the requirements of §§ 179.100, 179.101 and when applicable, §§ 179.102 and 179.103.§ 179.100-3-3 Type.§ 179.100-4-4 Insulation.§ 179.100-6-6 Thickness of plates.§ 179.100-7-7 Materials.§ 179.100-8-8 Tank heads.§ 179.100-9-9 Welding.§ 179.100-10-10 Postweld heat treatment.§ 179.100-12-12 Manway nozzle, cover and protective housing.§ 179.100-13-13 Venting, loading and unloading valves, measuring and sampling devices.§ 179.100-14-14 Bottom outlets.§ 179.100-16-16 Attachments.§ 179.100-17-17 Closures for openings.§ 179.100-18-18 Tests of tanks.§ 179.100-19-19 Tests of safety relief valves.§ 179.100-20-20 Stamping.§ 179.101Individual specification requirements applicable to pressure tank car tanks.§ 179.101-1-1 Individual specification requirements.§ 179.102Special commodity requirements for pressure tank car tanks.§ 179.102-1-1 Carbon dioxide, refrigerated liquid.§ 179.102-2-2 Chlorine.§ 179.102-3-3 Materials poisonous by inhalation.§ 179.102-4-4 Vinyl fluoride, stabilized.§ 179.102-17-17 Hydrogen chloride, refrigerated liquid.§ 179.103Special requirements for class 114A * * * tank car tanks.§ 179.103-1-1 Type.§ 179.103-2-2 Manway cover.§ 179.103-3-3 Venting, loading and unloading valves, measuring and sampling devices.§ 179.103-4-4 Safety relief devices and pressure regulators.§ 179.103-5-5 Bottom outlets.

Subpart D—Specifications for Non-Pressure Tank Car Tanks (Classes DOT-111AW, 115AW, and 117AW)69

§ 179.200General specifications applicable to non-pressure tank car tanks (Class DOT-111, DOT-117).§ 179.200-1-1 Tank built under these specifications must meet the applicable requirements in this part.§ 179.200-3-3 Type.§ 179.200-4-4 Insulation.§ 179.200-6-6 Thickness of plates.§ 179.200-7-7 Materials.§ 179.200-8-8 Tank heads.§ 179.200-9-9 Compartment tanks.§ 179.200-10-10 Welding.§ 179.200-11-11 Postweld heat treatment.§ 179.200-13-13 Manway ring or flange, pressure relief device flange, bottom outlet nozzle flange, bottom washout nozzle flange and other attachments and openings.§ 179.200-14-14 Expansion capacity.§ 179.200-15-15 Closures for manways.§ 179.200-16-16 Gauging devices, top loading and unloading devices, venting and air inlet devices.§ 179.200-17-17 Bottom outlets.§ 179.200-19-19 Reinforcements, when used, and appurtenances not otherwise specified.§ 179.200-21-21 Closures for openings.§ 179.200-22-22 Test of tanks.§ 179.200-23-23 Tests of pressure relief valves.§ 179.200-24-24 Stamping.§ 179.201Individual specification requirements applicable to non-pressure tank car tanks.§ 179.201-1-1 Individual specification requirements.§ 179.201-2-2 [Reserved]§ 179.201-3-3 Lined tanks.§ 179.201-4-4 Material.§ 179.201-5-5 Postweld heat treatment and corrosion resistance.§ 179.201-6-6 Manways and manway closures.§ 179.201-8-8 Sampling device and thermometer well.§ 179.201-9-9 Gauging device.§ 179.201-10-10 Water capacity marking.§ 179.201-11-11 Insulation.§ 179.202Individual specification requirements applicable to DOT-117 tank car tanks.§ 179.202-1-1 Applicability.§ 179.202-2-2 [Reserved]§ 179.202-3-3 Approval to operate at 286,000 gross rail load (GRL).§ 179.202-4-4 Thickness of plates.§ 179.202-5-5 Tank head puncture resistance system.§ 179.202-6-6 Thermal protection system.§ 179.202-7-7 Jackets.§ 179.202-8-8 Bottom outlets.§ 179.202-9-9 Top fittings protection.§ 179.202-11-11 Individual specification requirements.§ 179.202-12-12 Performance standard requirements (DOT-117P).§ 179.202-13-13 Retrofit standard requirements (DOT-117R).§ 179.203-179.202-22§§ 179.203-179.202-22 [Reserved]§ 179.220General specifications applicable to nonpressure tank car tanks consisting of an inner container supported within an outer shell (class DOT-115).§ 179.220-1-1 Tanks built under these specifications must meet the requirements of §§ 179.220 and 179.221.§ 179.220-3-3 Type.§ 179.220-4-4 Insulation.§ 179.220-6-6 Thickness of plates.§ 179.220-7-7 Materials.§ 179.220-8-8 Tank heads.§ 179.220-9-9 Compartment tanks.§ 179.220-10-10 Welding.§ 179.220-11-11 Postweld heat treatment.§ 179.220-13-13 Inner container manway nozzle and cover.§ 179.220-14-14 Openings in the tanks.§ 179.220-15-15 Support system for inner container.§ 179.220-16-16 Expansion capacity.§ 179.220-17-17 Gauging devices, top loading and unloading devices, venting and air inlet devices.§ 179.220-18-18 Bottom outlets.§ 179.220-20-20 Reinforcements, when used, and appurtenances not otherwise specified.§ 179.220-22-22 Closure for openings.§ 179.220-23-23 Test of tanks.§ 179.220-24-24 Tests of pressure relief valves.§ 179.220-25-25 Stamping.§ 179.220-26-26 Stenciling.§ 179.221Individual specification requirements applicable to tank car tanks consisting of an inner container supported within an outer shell.§ 179.221-1-1 Individual specification requirements.

Subpart E—Specifications for Multi-Unit Tank Car Tanks (Classes DOT-106A and 110AW)20

§ 179.300General specifications applicable to multi-unit tank car tanks designed to be removed from car structure for filling and emptying (Classes DOT-106A and 110AW).§ 179.300-1-1 Tanks built under these specifications shall meet the requirements of §§ 179.300 and 179.301.§ 179.300-3-3 Type and general requirements.§ 179.300-4-4 Insulation.§ 179.300-6-6 Thickness of plates.§ 179.300-7-7 Materials.§ 179.300-8-8 Tank heads.§ 179.300-9-9 Welding.§ 179.300-10-10 Postweld heat treatment.§ 179.300-12-12 Protection of fittings.§ 179.300-13-13 Venting, loading and unloading valves.§ 179.300-14-14 Attachments not otherwise specified.§ 179.300-15-15 Pressure relief devices.§ 179.300-16-16 Tests of tanks.§ 179.300-17-17 Tests of pressure relief devices.§ 179.300-18-18 Stamping.§ 179.300-19-19 Inspection.§ 179.300-20-20 Reports.§ 179.301Individual specification requirements for multi-unit tank car tanks.§ 179.302[Reserved]

Subpart F—Specification for Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car Tanks and Seamless Steel Tanks (Classes DOT-113 and 107A)44

§ 179.400General specification applicable to cryogenic liquid tank car tanks.§ 179.400-1-1 General.§ 179.400-3-3 Type.§ 179.400-4-4 Insulation system and performance standard.§ 179.400-5-5 Materials.§ 179.400-6-6 Bursting and buckling pressure.§ 179.400-7-7 Tank heads.§ 179.400-8-8 Thickness of plates.§ 179.400-9-9 Stiffening rings.§ 179.400-10-10 Sump or siphon bowl.§ 179.400-11-11 Welding.§ 179.400-12-12 Postweld heat treatment.§ 179.400-13-13 Support system for inner tank.§ 179.400-14-14 Cleaning of inner tank.§ 179.400-15-15 Radioscopy.§ 179.400-16-16 Access to inner tank.§ 179.400-17-17 Inner tank piping.§ 179.400-18-18 Test of inner tank.§ 179.400-19-19 Valves and gages.§ 179.400-20-20 Pressure relief devices.§ 179.400-21-21 Test of pressure relief valves.§ 179.400-22-22 Protective housings.§ 179.400-23-23 Operating instructions.§ 179.400-24-24 Stamping.§ 179.400-25-25 Stenciling.§ 179.401Individual specification requirements applicable to inner tanks for cryogenic liquid tank car tanks.§ 179.401-1-1 Individual specification requirements.§ 179.500Specification DOT-107A * * * * seamless steel tank car tanks.§ 179.500-1-1 Tanks built under these specifications shall meet the requirements of § 179.500.§ 179.500-3-3 Type and general requirements.§ 179.500-4-4 Thickness of wall.§ 179.500-5-5 Material.§ 179.500-6-6 Heat treatment.§ 179.500-7-7 Physical tests.§ 179.500-8-8 Openings in tanks.§ 179.500-10-10 Protective housing.§ 179.500-11-11 Loading and unloading valves.§ 179.500-12-12 Pressure relief devices.§ 179.500-13-13 Fixtures.§ 179.500-14-14 Test of tanks.§ 179.500-15-15 Handling of tanks failing in tests.§ 179.500-16-16 Tests of pressure relief devices.§ 179.500-17-17 Marking.§ 179.500-18-18 Inspection and reports.

Related 14 Definitions History 30 Authority 39

RegulationsTitle 49Subtitle BChapter ISubchapter CPart 179Subpart E—Specifications for Multi-Unit Tank Car Tanks (Classes DOT-106A and 110AW)49 CFR 179.301

Regulationhistorical

49 CFR 179.301

Individual specification requirements for multi-unit tank car tanks.

Snapshot 1996-10-01 Government source

eCFR editorial compilationAuthoritative but unofficial

4 passages

(a) In addition to § 179.300 the individual specification requirements are as follows:

DOT specification 106A500-X 106A800-X 110A500-W 110A600-W 110A800-W 110A1000-W Bursting pressure, p.s.i. (see § 179.300-5) (1) (1) 1250 1500 2000 2500 Minimum thickness shell, inches 13/32 11/16 11/32 3/8 15/32 19/32 Test pressure, p.s.i. (see § 179.300-16) 500 800 500 600 800 1000 Safety relief devices, p.s.i. (see § 179.300-15) Start-to-discharge, or burst maximum, p.s.i. 375 600 375 450 600 700 Vapor-tight, minimum p.s.i 300 480 300 360 480 650 1 None specified.

(b) [Reserved]

[29 FR 18995, Dec. 29, 1964. Redesignated at 32 FR 5606, Apr. 5, 1967, and amended by Amdt. 179-10, 36 FR 21355, Nov. 6, 1971; Amdt. 179-40, 52 FR 13049, Apr. 20, 1987]

Previous§ 179.300-20 Next§ 179.302

Related 14 Definitions History 30 Authority 39 Community

Only explicit, source-backed relationships are shown.

Rulemaking12

90 FR 47123

Hazardous Materials: Notice of Applications for New Special Permits

179.301 · cited in rulemaking

82 FR 12693

Hazardous Materials: Notice of Applications for Special Permits

179.301 · cited in rulemaking

78 FR 79363

Hazardous Materials: Adoption of ASME Code Section XII and the National Board Inspection Code

179.301(b) · cited in rulemaking

69 FR 55113

Hazardous Materials Regulations; Compatibility With the Regulations of the International Atomic Energy Agency; Correction; Final Rule

179.301 · cited in rulemaking

69 FR 54042

Hazardous Materials Regulations: Minor Editorial Corrections and Clarifications

179.301 · cited in rulemaking

Hazardous Materials Regulations; Compatibility With the Regulations of the International Atomic Energy Agency

179.301 · cited in rulemaking

68 FR 75734

Hazardous Materials: Matter Incorporated by Reference

179.301 · cited in rulemaking

67 FR 21328

Hazardous Materials Regulations; Compatibility With the Regulations of the International Atomic Energy Agency

179.301 · cited in rulemaking

66 FR 45376

Hazardous Materials Regulations: Minor Editorial Corrections and Clarifications

179.301(a) · cited in rulemaking

65 FR 58614

Hazardous Materials Regulations: Editorial Corrections and Clarifications

179.301 · cited in rulemaking

60 FR 50292

Hazardous Materials Transportation Regulations; Compatibility with Regulations of the International Atomic Energy Agency

179.301 · cited in rulemaking

60 FR 49048

Crashworthiness Protection Requirements for Tank Cars; Detection and Repair of Cracks, Pits, Corrosion, Lining Flaws, Thermal Protection Flaws and Other Defects of Tank Car Tanks

179.301 · cited in rulemaking

Interpretations & guidance2

N & M Transfer Co., Inc. — Hazardous Materials Safety Interpretation

179.301 · interpreted by

PHMSA Guidance, Advisory Bulletin Number ADB-93-04

Advisory Bulletin Number ADB-93-04

179.301 · guidance cites regulation

Ask the corpus

Claims link back to retrieved source passages.

Record details

Retrieved: Aug 20, 2026
Version: 1996-10-01

505e22516696f16812…