23-0086
23-0086
Page 1U.S. Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20590 May 1, 2024 Ms. Cindy Murphy National Logistics Manager Azelis 33 Riverside Avenue, 5th Floor Westport, CT 06880-4223 Reference No. 23-0086 Dear Ms. Murphy: This letter is in response to your September 19, 2023, email requesting clarification of the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR; 49 CFR Parts 171-180) applicable to marking requirements when shipping marine pollutants by highway in non-bulk packagings. In your email, you describe a scenario where non-bulk packagings (i.e., drums) containing a marine pollutant have been marked with the United Nations (UN) number, proper shipping name, hazard class, and packing group—e.g., “UN3082, Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s. (contains Octocrylene), 9, PGIII.” Specifically, you ask whether you may cover these markings when offering these packagings for transportation domestically by highway, as well as whether hazardous materials shipping information must be included on any shipping papers if you do not cover the markings. Provided the material is only a marine pollutant and does not meet any other hazard class under the HMR, the markings may be covered if you choose to do so. In accordance with § 171.4(c), the requirements of the HMR, including to those pertaining to package markings and shipping papers—specific to marine pollutants—do not apply to non-bulk packagings transported by motor vehicle, rail car, or aircraft. I hope this information helpful. Please contact us if we can be of further assistance. Sincerely, Steven Andrews Acting Chief, Regulatory Review and Reinvention Branch Standards and Rulemaking Division#
Page 2Pollack 23-0086 From: INFOCNTR (PHMSA) To: Dodd, Alice (PHMSA) Subject: FW: Interpretation request letter Date: Tuesday, September 19, 2023 4:24:06 PM Attachments: image004.png UVINUL 3039 (ED).pdf Hello Alice, Please see the below interpretation request. Let us know if you need anything. Sincerely, Janaye From: Cindy Murphy <cindy.murphy@azelis.com> Sent: Tuesday, September 19, 2023 3:27 PM To: INFOCNTR (PHMSA) <INFOCNTR.INFOCNTR@dot.gov> Subject: Interpretation request letter CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the Department of Transportation (DOT). Do not click on links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe. Hello, Please assist with letter of interpretation on the following matter. I am a chemical distributor. The manufacturers I distribute for will often include hazardous shipping information on package labels (UN#, proper shipping name, haz class, PG) when the package size or chemical itself is not DOT haz regulated for road transport. Is it acceptable for me to cover the DOT markings on the label when shipping over the road, or must I keep the DOT markings visible and add the hazardous shipping information to the shipping papers (BOL) instead? Attached to this email is a picture of a drum with DOT haz marking on the label yet the SDS for the product shows the material is not DOT regulated. Thanks, Cindy Murphy National Logistics Manager#
Page 3Azelis Email: cindy.murphy@azelis.com Direct: (215) 208-9644 www.azelis.com#
Page 414. Transport Information Land transport USDOT Not classified as a dangerous good under transport regulations Sea transport IMDG Hazard class: 9 Packing group: III ID number: UN 3082 Hazard label: 9, EHSM Marine pollutant: YES Proper shipping name: ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, LIQUID, N.O.S. (contains OCTOCRYLENE)#
Page 5fl~BASF We create chemistry- Safety Data Sheet Uvinul® 3039 (ED)— —— Revision date : 2020/05/21 age: / Version: 7.0 (30645839/SDS GENUS/EN) 1. Identification Product identifier used on the label Uvinul® 3039 (ED) Recommended use of the chemical and restriction on use Recommended use*: stabilizer Unsuitable for use: The product is not recommended to be used in contact with mucous membranes, abraded skin, or blood; or for the manufacture of implants for the human body as it has not been tested for these applications. For detailed regulatory information please request a Food Contact Certificate (FCC). * The Recommended use’ identified for this product is provided solely to comply with a Federal requirement and is not part of the seller’s published specifica~io~ The terms of this Safety Data Sheet (SOS) do not create or infer any warranty, express or imphed, including by incorporation into or reference in the seller’s sales agreement. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet BASF CORPORATION 100 Park Avenue Florham Park, NJ 07932, USA Telephone: +1 973 245-6000 Emergency telephone number CHEMTREC 1 -80o424~93oo BASF HOTLINE: l-800-832-HELp (4357) Other means of identification Synonyms: 2-Propenoic acid, 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyg 2-ethylhexyl ester 2. Hazards Identification According to Regulation 2012 OSHA Hazard Communication Standard: 29 CFR Part 1910.1200 Classification of the product Aquatic Chronic i Hazardous to the aquatic environment- chronic Label elements#
Page 6Safety Data Sheet Uv~nW® 3039 (ED) ci~2~: Re~sion date :2020/0512l 2 Version: 7.0 (30648839/SDS GEN_US/EN) Pictogram: Signal Word: Warning Hazard Statement: H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Precautionary Statements (Prevention): P273 Avoid release to the environment. Precautionary Statements (Response): P391 Collect spillage. Precautionary Statements (Disposal): P501 Dispose of contents and container to hazardous or special waste collection point. Hazards not otherwise classified If applicable information is provided in this section on other hazards which do not result in classification but which may contribute to the overall hazards of the substance or mixture. The product does not fulfill the criteria for PBT (Persistentlbioaccumulative/toxic) and vPvB (very persistent/very bioaccurnulative). 3. Composition I Information on Ingredients According to Regulation 2012 OSHA Hazard Communication Standard: 29 CFR Part 1910.1200 Octocrylene GAS Number: 61 97-30-4 Content (W/W):>= 99.0% Synonym: 2-Cyano-3,3-diphenyl-2-propenoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester 4. First-Aid Measures Description of first aid measures General advice: Remove contaminated clothing. If inhaled: Keep patient calm, remove to fresh air. If symptoms persist, seek medical advice. If on skin: Wash thoroughly with soap and water If irritation develops, seek medical attention. If in eyes: Wash affected eyes for at least 15 minutes under running water with eyelids held open.#
Page 7Safety Data Sheet Uvmu~® 3039 (ED)____ __ __ _______ Re~:sion date 2020/05/21 Page 3/11 Version: 7.0 (30648839/SOS GENUS/EN) If symptomspersjst, seek medical advice.:.• If swallowed: Rinse mouth and then drink 200-300 ml of water. If symptoms persist, seek medical advice. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed Symptoms: No applicable information available. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed Note to physician Treatment: Symptomatic treatment (decontamination, vital functions). 5. Fire-Fighting Measures Extinguishing media Suitable extinguishing media: water spray, carbon dioxide, dry powder, foam Unsuitable extinguishing media for safety reasons: No data available. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture Hazards during fire-fighting: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides Advice for fire-fighters Protective equipment for fire-fighting: Firefighters should be equipped with self-contained breathing apparatus and turn-out gear. Further information: Keep containers cool by spraying with water if exposed to fire. Collect contaminated extinguishing water separately, do not allow to reach sewage or effluent systems. Dispose of fire debris and contaminated extinguishing water in accordance with official regulations. Impact Sensitivity: Remarks: Based on the chemical structure there is no shock-sensitivipj 6. Accidental release measures Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures No special precautions necessary. Environmental precautions Do not discharge into drains/surface waters/groundwater. Methods and material for containment and cleaning up#
Page 8Safety Data Sheet 2 Uv~nuI® 3039 (ED) Revision date : 2020/05/21 .; nPá~e: 4/11 Version: 7.0. . . .(30648839/SDS GEN_US/EN) For large amounts: Dike spillage. Pump off product. For residues: Pick up with suitable absorbent material. Dispose of absorbed material in accordance with regulations. 7. Handling and Storage Precautions for safe handling Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Protection against fire and explosion: Prevent electrostatic charge- sources of ignition should be kept well clear- fire extinguishers should be kept handy. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Further information on storage conditions: No special precautions necessary. Storage stability: Storage duration: 36 Months 8. Exposure Controls!Personal Protection No substance specific occupational exposure limits known. Advice on system design: Provide local exhaust ventilation to control vapours/mists. Provide local exhaust ventilation to maintain recommended P.E.L. Personal protective equipment Respiratory protection: Suitable respiratory protection for higher concentrations or long-term effect: Gas filter for gases/vapours of organic compounds (boiling point >65 °C, e. g. EN 14387 Type A) Hand protection: Chemical resistant protective gloves Eye protection: Safety glasses with side-shields. Body protection: Body protection must be chosen based on level of activity and exposure. General safety and hygiene measures: No special measures necessary if stored and handled correctly. Wear protective clothing as necessary to prevent contact. Avoid inhalation of vapours/mists. Wash soiled clothing immediately. No eating, drinking, smoking or tobacco use at the place of work. 9. Physical and Chemical Properties Form: liquid Odour: odourless Odour threshold: No applicable information available.#
Page 9eso 0 (3O6 839 So5 G US ) Safety Data Sheet • • UVihtfl® 3039 (EDL_________ Re~sion date 202OTh~l2f Page 5/11 Colour: yellow pH value: 6.9-7.2 (other) Melting point: -8 °C Boiling point: >300 °C (1,013 hPa) The substance! product decomposes, Sublimation point: No applicable information available. Flash point 119°C (DIN 51758) Flammability: hardly combustible (derived from flash point) Lower explosion limit: For liquids not relevant for classification and labelling. The lower explosion point may be 5- 15°C below the flash point. Upper explosion limit: For liquids not relevant for classification and labelling. Autoignition: not determined Vapour pressure: <0.001 hPa (20 °C) Density: 1.05 g!cma (25°C) Relative density: No applicable information available. Vapour density: No applicable information available. Partitioning coefficient n- 6.1 octanol/water (log Pow): (23 °C) (OECD Guideline 117) Self-ignition not self-igniting temperature: Thermal decomposition: No decomposition if correctly stored and handled. Viscosity, dynamic: 637 mPa.s (40°C) 4,254 mPa.s (20 °C) Viscosity, kinematic: Particle size: No applicable information available. The substance / product is marketed or used in a non solid or granular form. Solubility in water: <0.1 mg/i (20°C) Solubility (quantitative): Solubility (qualitative): Molar mass: Evaporation rate: No applicable information available. No applicable information available. No applicable information available. Value can be approximated from Henrys Law Constant or vapor Other Information: pressure. If necessary, information on other physical and chemical parameters is indicated in this section. 10. Stability and Reactivity Reactivity No hazardous reactions if stored and handled as prescribed/indicated Corrosion to metals: Corrosive effects to metal are not anticipated. Oxidizing properties: not fire-propagating#
Page 10Safety Data Sheet Uvinu!® 3039 (ED). Re~sion date 2020/05/21. Version: 7.0 . . . ~. . Page: 6/11 ~ .: (306488391SDS GEN US/EN) Formation of Remarks: Forms no flammable gases in the flammable gases:. presence of water. Chemical stability The product is stable if stored and handled as prescribed/indicated. Possibility of hazardous reactions The product is chemically stable. No hazardous reactions if stored and handled as”prescribed/indicated. Conditions to avoid No conditions to avoid anticipated. Incompatible materials No substances known that should be avoided. Hazardous decomposition products Decomposition products: Hazardous decomposition products: No hazardous decomposition products if stored and handled as prescribed/indicated. Thermal decomposition: No decomposition if correctly stored and handled. 11. Toxicological information Primary routes of exposure Routes of entry for solids and liquids are ingestion and inhalation, but may include eye or skin contact. Routes of entry for gases include inhalation and eye contact. Skin contact may be a route of entry for liquefied gases. Acute ToxicitylEffects Acute toxicity single skin contact. Assessment of acute toxicity: Virtually nonto,dc after a single ingestion. Virtually nontoxic after a Oral Type of value: LD5O Species: rat (male/female) Value: >5,000mg/kg (OECD Guideline 401) No mortality was observed. Inhalation Study does not need to be conducted. Dermal Type of value: LD5O Species: rat (male/female) Value: >2,000 mg/kg (OECD Guideline 402) No mortality was observed. Assessment other acute effects Assessment of STOT single:#
Page 11Safety Data Sheet. Version: 7.0. - . ______ : Based on available Data, the classification criteria are not met. _____ (30648839/Sos GEN US/EN). Irritation / corrcJsion Assessment of irritating effects: Not irritating to the skin. Not irritating to the eyes. Skin Species: rabbit Result: non-irritant Method: OECD Guideline 404 Species: rabbit Result: non-irritant Method: OECD Guideline 405 Sensitization Assessment of sensitization: Skin sensitizing effects were not observed in animal studies. Guinea pig maximization test Species: guinea pig Result: Non-sensitizing. Method: OECD Guideline 406 Aspiration Hazard No aspiration hazard expected. Chronic ToxicitylEffecft Repeated dose toxicity Assessment of repeated dose todcity: The substance may cause damage to the liver after repeated ingestion of high doses, as shown in animal studies. ~ictoxicit Assessment of mutagenicity: The substance was not mutagenic in bacteria. No mutagenic effect was found in various tests with mammalian cell culture and mammals. ~noenicit Assessment of carcinogenicity: No data available concerning carcinogenic effects. Study does not need to be conducted. Reproductive toxicity Assessment of reproduction todcity: The potential to impair fertility cannot be excluded when given at maternally toxic doses. ~oenicit Assessment of teratogenicity: Effects observed at maternally toxic doses. 12. Ecological Information Toxicity Aquatic toxicity Assessment of aquatic todcity:#
Page 12Safety Data Sheet Uvunu!® 3039 (ED)— Re’Asion date :2020/05/21- Page: 8111 Version: 7.0 (30648839/SDS_GEN US/EN) The inhibition of the degradation activity of activated sludge is not anticipated when introduced to biological treatment plants in appropriate low concentrations. Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Toxicity to fish LC5O (96 h) >0.5mg/I, .~rachydanio rerio (Directive 92/69/EEC, Cl, static) Tested above maximum solubility. The details of the toxic effect relate to the nominal concentration. Aquatic invertebrates EC5O (48 h) >0.023mg/I, Daphnia rnagna (OECD Guideline 202, part 1, static) No toxic effects occur within the range of solubility. The statement of the toxic effect relates to the analytically determined concentration. Aquatic plants EC5O (72 h)> 220 mg/I (growth rate), Desmodesmus subspicatus (OECD Guideline 201, static) The details of the toxic effect relate to the nominal concentration. Chronic toxicity to fish No observed effect concentration (21 d)> 0.02 mg/I, Gasterosteus aculeatus (other, Flow through.) The details of the toxic effect relate to the nominal concentration. Chronic toxicity to aquatic invertebrates No observed effect concentration (21 d) 0.00266 mg/I, Daphnia magna (OECD Guideline 211, semistatic) The statement of the toxic effect relates to the analytically determined concentration. Assessment of terrestrial toxicity Toxic effects have been observed in studies with soil living organisms. Soil living organisms Toxicity to soil dwelling organisms: No observed effect concentration (28 d) 125 mg/kg, Eisenia foetida (OECD Guideline 222, artificial soil) The details of the toxic effect relate to the nominal concentration. Toxicity to terrestrial plants No data available. Other terrestrial non-mammals No data available. MicroorganismslEffect on activated sludge Toxicity to microorqanisms DIN EN ISO 8192 aerobic activated sludge, domestic/EC5O (30 mm):> 10,000 mg/I Persistence and degradability Assessment biodegradation and elimination (H2O) Not readily biodegradable (by OECD criteria). Poorly biodegradable. Elimination information 0- 10 % BOD of the ThOD (28 d) (OECD 301 F; ISO 9408; 92/69/EEC, C.4-D) (aerobic, activated sludge, domestic)#
Page 13• Safety Data Sheet• - UvBntfl® 3039 (ED) Revision date 2020/05/21 Page 9/Il Version 70 (30648839/SDS GEN US/EN) - •Assessm~n~ of stability in w?ter In contact with water the substance will hydrolyse slowly. Information on Stability in Water (Hydrolysis) t1~ 206.15 a, (calculated, pH 7) Biosocumulative potential Assessment bioaccumulation Qotential Accumulation in organisms is expected. Bioaccumulation potential Bioconcentration factor: 915(28 d), Brachydanio rerio (OECD.Guideline 305) Significant accumulation in organisms is not to be expected. Bioconcentration factor: Salmo gairdneri, syn. 0. mykiss (OECD-Guideline 305) Significant accumulation in organisms is not to be expected. Mobility in soil ~essr~1ei~sment transport between en~ronmental compartments The substance will not evaporate into the atmosphere from the water surface. Adsorption to solid soil phase is expected. 13. DIsposal Considerations Waste disposal of substance: Incinerate or dispose of as a solid in a RCRA-licensed facility. Do not discharge into waterways or sewer systems without proper authorization. Dispose of in a licensed facility. Container disposal: Dispose of in a licensed facility. Recommend crushing, puncturing or other means to prevent unauthorized use of used containers. Contaminated packaging should be emptied as far as possible and disposed of in the same manner as the substance/product RCRA: None 14. Transport Information Land transport USDOT Not classified as a dangerous good under transport regulations Sea transport I MDG Hazard class: 9 Packing group: Ill ID number: UN 3082 Hazard label: 9, EHSM Marine pollutant: YES Proper shipping name: ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, LIQUID, N.O.S. (contains OCTOCRYLENE)#
Page 14SafetyData Sheet Uvunul®_3039_(ED)______________________ Revision date 2020/05/21 Page 10/11 Version 7 0 (30648839/SDS GlEN_US/EN) Air transport IATNICAO.. Hazard class: 9 Packing group: Ill ID number: UN 3082 Hazard label: 9, EHSM Proper shipping name: ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, LIQUID, N.O.S. (contains OCTOCRYLENE) 15. Regulatory Information Federal Regulations Registration status: Chemical TSCA, US released / listed EPCRA 3111312 (Hazard categories): Refer to SDS section 2 for GHS hazard classes applicable for this product. Safe Drinking Water & Toxic Enforcement Act, CA Prop. 65: WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including BENZOPHENONE, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov. NFPA Hazard codes: Health: I Fire: 1 Reactivity: 0 Special: HMIS III rating Health: 1 Flammability: 1 Physical hazard: 0 16. Other Information SDS Prepared by: BASF NA Product Regulations SDS Prepared on: 2020/05/21 We support worldwide Responsible Care® initiatives. We value the health and safety of our employees, customers, suppliers and neighbors, and the protection of the environment. Our commitment to Responsible Care is integral to conducting our business and operating our facilities in a safe and environmentally responsible fashion, supporting our customers and suppliers in ensuring the safe and environmentally sound handling of our products, and minimizing the impact of our operations on society and the environment during production, storage, transport, use and disposal of our products. Uvinul® 3039 (ED) is a registered trademark of BASF Corporation or BASF SE IMPORTANT: WHILE THE DESCRIPTIONS, DESIGNS, DATA AND INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN ARE PRESENTED IN GOOD FAITH AND BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE, IT IS PROVIDED FOR YOUR GUIDANCE ONLY. BECAUSE MANY FACTORS MAY AFFECT PROCESSING OR APPLICATION/USE, WE RECOMMEND THAT YOU MAKE TESTS TO DETERMINE THE SUITABILITY’ OF A PRODUCT FOR YOUR PARTICULAR PURPOSE PRIOR#
Page 15Safety Data Sheet ~OWARRANTIEsOFANYKINDEITHEREXPRESSED:~:3:DsG::/EN WARRANTiES OF MERCHANTABILI1-Y OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE MADE REGARDING PRODUCTS DESCRIBED OR DESIGNS, DATA OR INFORMATION SET FORTH, OR THAT THE PRODUCTS, DESIGNS, DATA OR INFORMATION MAY BE USED WITHOUT INFRINGING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERly RIGHTS OF OTHERS. IN NO CASE SHALL THE DESCRIPTIONS, INFORMATION, DATA OR DESIGNS PROVIDED BE CONSIDERED A PART OF OUR TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE. FURTHER, YOU EXPRESSLY UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT THE DESCRIPTIONS, DESIGNS, DATA, AND INFORMATION FURNISHED BY OUR COMPANY HEREUNDER ARE GIVEN GRATIS AND WE ASSUME NO OBLIGATION OR LIABILITy FOR THE DESCRIPTION, DESIGNS, DATA AND INFORMATION GIVEN OR RESULTS OBTAINED, ALL SUCH BEING GIVEN AND ACCEPTED AT YOUR RISK. END OF DATA SHEET#
Page 16D• BASF ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, LIQUID, NO.S We create chemistry Art: 50676166 Lot: 71006856P0 ©= Reg Trademark BASF (OCTOCRYLENE), MARINE POLLUTANT (OCTOCRYLEN) WGK 2 (PG MI) UN 3082 G:00002 + S0810851 Uvinul® 3039 (ED) Na атофейуста п левер ота трамо. Moun при pófiou opvaviduos ue paxpoxpóv, Emine, Поли токо ула TOUS quaia n to mpoiv trou xüêk. Дат 1а mputu Octocrylene перект ає anucia aulayris emidivuv f, обким стобит Achtung ou dangereux. Meget giftig med langvarige virkninger for vandevende DK Advarsel Sehr gitig fur Wasserorganismen mit langfristiger Wirkung. Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Ausgetretene Mengen NL Waarschuwing organismer. zulihnen aflangen. Inhalt/Behälter der Problemabfallentsorgung Zeer giftig voor in het water levende organismen, met langdunge Undgá udiedning ti milieet Udsip opsles Inchoider CH) gevolgen. beholderen bortskaffes i et sted bi farigt eler speca atas +49 (0)180 2273 112 BASF Schweiz AG. Klybeckstrasse 141, CH-4057 Basel. Voorkom lozing in het milieu. Gelekte/gemorste stof opruimen. Advarsel GB Waring Inhoud/verpakking afvoeren naar verzamelpunt voor speciaal of Meget giftig, med langtdsvirkning, for liv i varn Very toxic to aquatic lie with long lasting effects. gevaarlyk afval. Unngá frigivelse i miljøet Saml inn utsipp Inhalatbe Ausd telease to the environment. Collect spillage. Dispose of (E Atención Mycket giftigt för vattenlevande organismer med leveres til et sted for skadelig eller spesielt aval Muy tóxico para los organismos acuáticos, con efectos nocivos Varning contants/container to hazardous or special waste collection point. 6197-30-4 duraderos. Evitar su liberación al medio ambiente. Recoger el vertido Undvik utslapp till miljon. Samia upp spil, inne *Tres toxique pour les organismes Attention Eliminar el contenido/el recipiente en un punto de recogida de lămnas till insamlingsanlaggning for farigt ay residuos especiales. FIN Varoitus aquatiques, entraine des effets P Atenção Enittain myrkyllista vesieicile, pikdakasi n néfastes à long terme Muito tóxico para os organismos aquáticos com efeitos Valtettava paastämista ympanstson, Valumat or Eviter le rejet dans duradouros. Havita sisalto/pakkaus ongelmajatteen ba en Tenvironnement. Evitar a liberação para o ambiente. Recolher o produto kerayspisteeseen. Recueillir le produit. répandu. Faire derramado. Eliminar o conteúdo/recipiente em um ponto de eliminer le coleta de residuos especiais ou perigosos. contenu/ Molto tossico per gli organismi aquatici con effetti di lunga Attenzione un point de récipient dans durata collecte des Non disperdere nell ambiente. Raccogliere la furiuseta déchets spéciaux Smaltre il prodo ntirecipiente in punti di raccolta per nifuti pericolosi o speciali GR Просохл BASF SE 200 kg net 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany Tel. +49 1802273 112 03.2023 110000022600927 710068S6P4 N 50676166- 0• BASF U vinuls 3039 (ED) Waring - Ancien UN 3082#
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This material provides agency context. It does not replace binding regulatory text, and its legal effect depends on the underlying authority and facts.