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49 CFR 195.110 - External loads. | Regulus

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49 CFR Part 195

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titleTitle 49 — Transportation subtitleSubtitle B — Other Regulations Relating to Transportation chapterChapter I — Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Department of Transportation subchapterSubchapter D — Pipeline Safety partPart 195 subpartSubpart C—Design Requirements

20 sections

Subpart A—General15

§ 195.0Scope.§ 195.1Which pipelines are covered by this Part?§ 195.2Definitions.§ 195.3What documents are incorporated by reference partly or wholly in this part?§ 195.4Compatibility necessary for transportation of hazardous liquids or carbon dioxide.§ 195.5Conversion to service subject to this part.§ 195.6Unusually Sensitive Areas (USAs).§ 195.8Transportation of hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide in pipelines constructed with other than steel pipe.§ 195.9Outer continental shelf pipelines.§ 195.10Responsibility of operator for compliance with this part.§ 195.11What is a regulated rural gathering line and what requirements apply?§ 195.12What requirements apply to low-stress pipelines in rural areas?§ 195.13What requirements apply to pipelines transporting hazardous liquids by gravity?§ 195.15What requirements apply to reporting-regulated-only gathering lines?§ 195.18How to notify PHMSA.

Subpart B—Annual, Accident, and Safety-Related Condition Reporting14

§ 195.48Scope.§ 195.49Annual report.§ 195.50Reporting accidents.§ 195.52Immediate notice of certain accidents.§ 195.54Accident reports.§ 195.55Reporting safety-related conditions.§ 195.56Filing safety-related condition reports.§ 195.58Report submission requirements.§ 195.59Abandonment or deactivation of facilities.§ 195.60Operator assistance in investigation.§ 195.61National Pipeline Mapping System.§ 195.63OMB control number assigned to information collection.§ 195.64National Registry of Operators.§ 195.65Safety data sheets.

Subpart C—Design Requirements20

§ 195.100Scope.§ 195.101Qualifying metallic components other than pipe.§ 195.102Design temperature.§ 195.104Variations in pressure.§ 195.106Internal design pressure.§ 195.108External pressure.§ 195.110External loads.§ 195.111Fracture propagation.§ 195.112New pipe.§ 195.114Used pipe.§ 195.116Valves.§ 195.118Fittings.§ 195.120Passage of internal inspection devices.§ 195.122Fabricated branch connections.§ 195.124Closures.§ 195.126Flange connection.§ 195.128Station piping.§ 195.130Fabricated assemblies.§ 195.132Design and construction of aboveground breakout tanks.§ 195.134Leak detection.

Subpart D—Construction29

§ 195.200Scope.§ 195.202Compliance with specifications or standards.§ 195.204Inspection—general.§ 195.205Repair, alteration and reconstruction of aboveground breakout tanks that have been in service.§ 195.206Material inspection.§ 195.207Transportation of pipe.§ 195.208Welding of supports and braces.§ 195.210Pipeline location.§ 195.212Bending of pipe.§ 195.214Welding procedures.§ 195.216Welding: Miter joints.§ 195.222Welders and welding operators: Qualification of welders and welding operators.§ 195.224Welding: Weather.§ 195.226Welding: Arc burns.§ 195.228Welds and welding inspection: Standards of acceptability.§ 195.230Welds: Repair or removal of defects.§ 195.234Welds: Nondestructive testing.§ 195.236-195.244§§ 195.236-195.244 [Reserved]§ 195.246Installation of pipe in a ditch.§ 195.248Cover over buried pipeline.§ 195.250Clearance between pipe and underground structures.§ 195.252Backfilling.§ 195.254Above ground components.§ 195.256Crossing of railroads and highways.§ 195.258Valves: General.§ 195.260Valves: Location.§ 195.262Pumping equipment.§ 195.264Impoundment, protection against entry, normal/emergency venting or pressure/vacuum relief for aboveground breakout tanks.§ 195.266Construction records.

Subpart E—Pressure Testing9

§ 195.300Scope.§ 195.302General requirements.§ 195.303Risk-based alternative to pressure testing older hazardous liquid and carbon dioxide pipelines.§ 195.304Test pressure.§ 195.305Testing of components.§ 195.306Test medium.§ 195.307Pressure testing aboveground breakout tanks.§ 195.308Testing of tie-ins.§ 195.310Records.

Subpart F—Operation and Maintenance34

§ 195.400Scope.§ 195.401General requirements.§ 195.402Procedural manual for operations, maintenance, and emergencies.§ 195.403Emergency response training.§ 195.404Maps and records.§ 195.405Protection against ignitions and safe access/egress involving floating roofs.§ 195.406Maximum operating pressure.§ 195.408Communications.§ 195.410Line markers.§ 195.412Inspection of rights-of-way and crossings under navigable waters.§ 195.413Underwater inspection and reburial of pipelines in the Gulf of America and its inlets.§ 195.414Inspections of pipelines in areas affected by extreme weather and natural disasters.§ 195.415[Reserved]§ 195.416Pipeline assessments.§ 195.417Notification of potential rupture.§ 195.418Valves: Onshore valve shut-off for rupture mitigation.§ 195.419Valve capabilities.§ 195.420Valve maintenance.§ 195.422Pipeline repairs.§ 195.424Pipe movement.§ 195.426Scraper and sphere facilities.§ 195.428Overpressure safety devices and overfill protection systems.§ 195.430Firefighting equipment.§ 195.432Inspection of in-service breakout tanks.§ 195.434Signs.§ 195.436Security of facilities.§ 195.438Smoking or open flames.§ 195.440Public awareness.§ 195.442Damage prevention program.§ 195.444Leak detection.§ 195.446Control room management.§ 195.450Definitions.§ 195.452Pipeline integrity management in high consequence areas.§ 195.454Integrity assessments for certain underwater hazardous liquid pipeline facilities located in high consequence areas.

Subpart G—Qualification of Pipeline Personnel5

§ 195.501Scope.§ 195.503Definitions.§ 195.505Qualification program.§ 195.507Recordkeeping.§ 195.509General.

Subpart H—Corrosion Control22

§ 195.551What do the regulations in this subpart cover?§ 195.553What special definitions apply to this subpart?§ 195.555What are the qualifications for supervisors?§ 195.557Which pipelines must have coating for external corrosion control?§ 195.559What coating material may I use for external corrosion control?§ 195.561When must I inspect pipe coating used for external corrosion control?§ 195.563Which pipelines must have cathodic protection?§ 195.565How do I install cathodic protection on breakout tanks?§ 195.567Which pipelines must have test leads and what must I do to install and maintain the leads?§ 195.569Do I have to examine exposed portions of buried pipelines?§ 195.571What criteria must I use to determine the adequacy of cathodic protection?§ 195.573What must I do to monitor external corrosion control?§ 195.575Which facilities must I electrically isolate and what inspections, tests, and safeguards are required?§ 195.577What must I do to alleviate interference currents?§ 195.579What must I do to mitigate internal corrosion?§ 195.581Which pipelines must I protect against atmospheric corrosion and what coating material may I use?§ 195.583What must I do to monitor atmospheric corrosion control?§ 195.585What must I do to correct corroded pipe?§ 195.587What methods are available to determine the strength of corroded pipe?§ 195.588What standards apply to direct assessment?§ 195.589What corrosion control information do I have to maintain?§ 195.591In-Line inspection of pipelines.

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Subpart A—General15

§ 195.0Scope.§ 195.1Which pipelines are covered by this Part?§ 195.2Definitions.§ 195.3What documents are incorporated by reference partly or wholly in this part?§ 195.4Compatibility necessary for transportation of hazardous liquids or carbon dioxide.§ 195.5Conversion to service subject to this part.§ 195.6Unusually Sensitive Areas (USAs).§ 195.8Transportation of hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide in pipelines constructed with other than steel pipe.§ 195.9Outer continental shelf pipelines.§ 195.10Responsibility of operator for compliance with this part.§ 195.11What is a regulated rural gathering line and what requirements apply?§ 195.12What requirements apply to low-stress pipelines in rural areas?§ 195.13What requirements apply to pipelines transporting hazardous liquids by gravity?§ 195.15What requirements apply to reporting-regulated-only gathering lines?§ 195.18How to notify PHMSA.

Subpart B—Annual, Accident, and Safety-Related Condition Reporting14

§ 195.48Scope.§ 195.49Annual report.§ 195.50Reporting accidents.§ 195.52Immediate notice of certain accidents.§ 195.54Accident reports.§ 195.55Reporting safety-related conditions.§ 195.56Filing safety-related condition reports.§ 195.58Report submission requirements.§ 195.59Abandonment or deactivation of facilities.§ 195.60Operator assistance in investigation.§ 195.61National Pipeline Mapping System.§ 195.63OMB control number assigned to information collection.§ 195.64National Registry of Operators.§ 195.65Safety data sheets.

Subpart C—Design Requirements20

§ 195.100Scope.§ 195.101Qualifying metallic components other than pipe.§ 195.102Design temperature.§ 195.104Variations in pressure.§ 195.106Internal design pressure.§ 195.108External pressure.§ 195.110External loads.§ 195.111Fracture propagation.§ 195.112New pipe.§ 195.114Used pipe.§ 195.116Valves.§ 195.118Fittings.§ 195.120Passage of internal inspection devices.§ 195.122Fabricated branch connections.§ 195.124Closures.§ 195.126Flange connection.§ 195.128Station piping.§ 195.130Fabricated assemblies.§ 195.132Design and construction of aboveground breakout tanks.§ 195.134Leak detection.

Subpart D—Construction29

§ 195.200Scope.§ 195.202Compliance with specifications or standards.§ 195.204Inspection—general.§ 195.205Repair, alteration and reconstruction of aboveground breakout tanks that have been in service.§ 195.206Material inspection.§ 195.207Transportation of pipe.§ 195.208Welding of supports and braces.§ 195.210Pipeline location.§ 195.212Bending of pipe.§ 195.214Welding procedures.§ 195.216Welding: Miter joints.§ 195.222Welders and welding operators: Qualification of welders and welding operators.§ 195.224Welding: Weather.§ 195.226Welding: Arc burns.§ 195.228Welds and welding inspection: Standards of acceptability.§ 195.230Welds: Repair or removal of defects.§ 195.234Welds: Nondestructive testing.§ 195.236-195.244§§ 195.236-195.244 [Reserved]§ 195.246Installation of pipe in a ditch.§ 195.248Cover over buried pipeline.§ 195.250Clearance between pipe and underground structures.§ 195.252Backfilling.§ 195.254Above ground components.§ 195.256Crossing of railroads and highways.§ 195.258Valves: General.§ 195.260Valves: Location.§ 195.262Pumping equipment.§ 195.264Impoundment, protection against entry, normal/emergency venting or pressure/vacuum relief for aboveground breakout tanks.§ 195.266Construction records.

Subpart E—Pressure Testing9

§ 195.300Scope.§ 195.302General requirements.§ 195.303Risk-based alternative to pressure testing older hazardous liquid and carbon dioxide pipelines.§ 195.304Test pressure.§ 195.305Testing of components.§ 195.306Test medium.§ 195.307Pressure testing aboveground breakout tanks.§ 195.308Testing of tie-ins.§ 195.310Records.

Subpart F—Operation and Maintenance34

§ 195.400Scope.§ 195.401General requirements.§ 195.402Procedural manual for operations, maintenance, and emergencies.§ 195.403Emergency response training.§ 195.404Maps and records.§ 195.405Protection against ignitions and safe access/egress involving floating roofs.§ 195.406Maximum operating pressure.§ 195.408Communications.§ 195.410Line markers.§ 195.412Inspection of rights-of-way and crossings under navigable waters.§ 195.413Underwater inspection and reburial of pipelines in the Gulf of America and its inlets.§ 195.414Inspections of pipelines in areas affected by extreme weather and natural disasters.§ 195.415[Reserved]§ 195.416Pipeline assessments.§ 195.417Notification of potential rupture.§ 195.418Valves: Onshore valve shut-off for rupture mitigation.§ 195.419Valve capabilities.§ 195.420Valve maintenance.§ 195.422Pipeline repairs.§ 195.424Pipe movement.§ 195.426Scraper and sphere facilities.§ 195.428Overpressure safety devices and overfill protection systems.§ 195.430Firefighting equipment.§ 195.432Inspection of in-service breakout tanks.§ 195.434Signs.§ 195.436Security of facilities.§ 195.438Smoking or open flames.§ 195.440Public awareness.§ 195.442Damage prevention program.§ 195.444Leak detection.§ 195.446Control room management.§ 195.450Definitions.§ 195.452Pipeline integrity management in high consequence areas.§ 195.454Integrity assessments for certain underwater hazardous liquid pipeline facilities located in high consequence areas.

Subpart G—Qualification of Pipeline Personnel5

§ 195.501Scope.§ 195.503Definitions.§ 195.505Qualification program.§ 195.507Recordkeeping.§ 195.509General.

Subpart H—Corrosion Control22

§ 195.551What do the regulations in this subpart cover?§ 195.553What special definitions apply to this subpart?§ 195.555What are the qualifications for supervisors?§ 195.557Which pipelines must have coating for external corrosion control?§ 195.559What coating material may I use for external corrosion control?§ 195.561When must I inspect pipe coating used for external corrosion control?§ 195.563Which pipelines must have cathodic protection?§ 195.565How do I install cathodic protection on breakout tanks?§ 195.567Which pipelines must have test leads and what must I do to install and maintain the leads?§ 195.569Do I have to examine exposed portions of buried pipelines?§ 195.571What criteria must I use to determine the adequacy of cathodic protection?§ 195.573What must I do to monitor external corrosion control?§ 195.575Which facilities must I electrically isolate and what inspections, tests, and safeguards are required?§ 195.577What must I do to alleviate interference currents?§ 195.579What must I do to mitigate internal corrosion?§ 195.581Which pipelines must I protect against atmospheric corrosion and what coating material may I use?§ 195.583What must I do to monitor atmospheric corrosion control?§ 195.585What must I do to correct corroded pipe?§ 195.587What methods are available to determine the strength of corroded pipe?§ 195.588What standards apply to direct assessment?§ 195.589What corrosion control information do I have to maintain?§ 195.591In-Line inspection of pipelines.

Related 39 Definitions History 29 Authority 64

RegulationsTitle 49Subtitle BChapter ISubchapter DPart 195Subpart C—Design Requirements49 CFR 195.110

Regulationcurrent

49 CFR 195.110

External loads.

Current as of 2026-08-18 Government source

eCFR editorial compilationAuthoritative but unofficial

2 passages

(a)Anticipated external loads (e.g., earthquakes, vibration, thermal expansion, and contraction) must be provided for in a pipeline system's design. Sections 401, 402, 403.3, and 403.9 of ASME B31.4 (incorporated by reference, see § 195.3) must be followed to provide for expansion and flexibility.#

(b)The pipe and other components must be supported in such a way that the support does not cause excess localized stresses. In designing attachments to pipe, the added stress to the wall of the pipe must be computed and compensated for.#

Previous§ 195.108 Next§ 195.111

On this page

(a)Anticipated external loads (e.g., earthquakes, vibration, thermal expansion, and contracti (b)The pipe and other components must be supported in such a way that the support does not ca

Related 39 Definitions History 29 Authority 64 Community

Only explicit, source-backed relationships are shown.

Rulemaking8

91 FR 42272

Pipeline Safety: Repair Criteria for Hazardous Liquid and Gas Transmission Pipelines

195.110(a) · cited in rulemaking

91 FR 22039

Pipeline Safety: Standards Update-ASME B31.4

195.110(a) · cited in rulemaking

90 FR 40749

Pipeline Safety: Periodic Standards Update II

195.110(a) · cited in rulemaking

89 FR 33264

Pipeline Safety: Periodic Updates of Regulatory References to Technical Standards and Miscellaneous Amendments

195.110(a) · cited in rulemaking

87 FR 52713

Pipeline Safety: Periodic Standards Update II

195.110(a) · cited in rulemaking

Pipeline Safety: Periodic Updates of Regulatory References to Technical Standards and Miscellaneous Amendments

195.110(a) · cited in rulemaking

Pipeline Safety: Periodic Updates of Regulatory References to Technical Standards and Miscellaneous Amendments

195.110(a) · cited in rulemaking

78 FR 49996

Pipeline Safety: Periodic Updates of Regulatory References to Technical Standards and Miscellaneous Amendments

195.110 · cited in rulemaking

Interpretations & guidance13

PHMSA Guidance, Pipeline Safety: Potential for Damage to Pipeline Facilities Caused by Earth Movement and Other Geological Hazards

Pipeline Safety: Potential for Damage to Pipeline Facilities Caused by Earth Movement and Other Geological Hazards

195.110 · guidance cites regulation

87 FR 33576

Pipeline Safety: Potential for Damage to Pipeline Facilities Caused by Earth Movement and Other Geological Hazards

195.110 · cited in rulemaking

PHMSA Guidance, Potential for Damage to Pipeline Facilities Caused by Earth Movement and Other Geological Hazards

Potential for Damage to Pipeline Facilities Caused by Earth Movement and Other Geological Hazards

195.110 · guidance cites regulation

84 FR 18919

Pipeline Safety: Potential for Damage to Pipeline Facilities Caused by Earth Movement and Other Geological Hazards

195.110 · cited in rulemaking

Inspection7

PHMSA HL.2026.01

2026 Hazardous Liquid IA Question Set

DC.DN.EXTLOAD.P — 195.110(a), 195.110(b) (+2 more questions) · examined by inspection

PHMSA HL.2025.01

2025 Hazardous Liquid IA Question Set

DC.DN.EXTLOAD.P — 195.110(a), 195.110(b) (+1 more questions) · examined by inspection

PHMSA HL.2024.01

2024 Hazardous Liquid IA Question Set

DC.DN.EXTLOAD.P — 195.110(a), 195.110(b) (+1 more questions) · examined by inspection

PHMSA HL.2023.01

2023 Hazardous Liquid IA Question Set

DC.DN.EXTLOAD.P — 195.110(a), 195.110(b) (+1 more questions) · examined by inspection

Enforcement11

CPF 42025012NOPV

PANTHER OPERATING COMPANY, LLC — Notice of Probable Violation

195.110(a) · cited in enforcement

CPF 52021050WL

PHILLIPS 66 PIPELINE LLC — Warning Letter

195.110(b), 195.110 · cited in enforcement

CPF 42020009NOA

DENBURY ONSHORE, LLC — Notice of Amendment

195.110(a), 195.110 · cited in enforcement

CPF 320205005

EXPRESS HOLDINGS (USA), LLC — Notice of Probable Violation

195.110(a) · cited in enforcement

CPF 420195013M

ENTERPRISE PRODUCTS OPERATING LLC — Notice of Amendment

195.110(a) · cited in enforcement

Ask the corpus

Claims link back to retrieved source passages.

Record details

Retrieved: Aug 20, 2026
Version: 2026-08-18

e733e4889b0d53791f…

Guidance

75 FR 14243

Pipeline Safety: Girth Weld Quality Issues Due to Improper Transitioning, Misalignment, and Welding Practices of Large Diameter Line Pipe

195.110 · cited in rulemaking

Mid-Continent Pipe Line Company — Pipeline Safety Interpretation

195.110 · interpreted by

Koch Industries, Inc. — Pipeline Safety Interpretation

195.110(a) · interpreted by

U.S. Department of Transportation — Pipeline Safety Interpretation

195.110(a) · interpreted by

Pipeline Safety Interpretation PI-77-0103

195.110 · interpreted by

U.S. Department of the Army — Pipeline Safety Interpretation

195.110 · interpreted by

Brown & Root, Inc. — Pipeline Safety Interpretation

195.110 · interpreted by

Oil India Limited — Pipeline Safety Interpretation

195.110 · interpreted by

Brown & Root, Inc. — Pipeline Safety Interpretation

195.110 · interpreted by

PHMSA HL.2022.01

2022 Hazardous Liquid IA Question Set

DC.DN.EXTLOAD.P — 195.110(a), 195.110(b) (+1 more questions) · examined by inspection

PHMSA HL.2021.01

2021 Hazardous Liquid IA Question Set

DC.DN.EXTLOAD.P — 195.110(a), 195.110(b) (+1 more questions) · examined by inspection

PHMSA tx2011hlprogramevaluation

2011 TX HL Program Evaluation - tx2011hlprogramevaluation (Texas; Hazardous Liquid State Program Evaluation)

195.110 · state program evaluation cites

CPF 520185005W

TESORO LOGISTICS NORTHWEST PIPELINE LLC — Warning Letter

195.110(a), 195.110(b), 195.110 · cited in enforcement

CPF 120171008M

WILLIAMS FIELD SERVICES — Notice of Amendment

195.110(a) · cited in enforcement

CPF 520166002M

CHEYENNE RAIL HUB — Notice of Amendment

195.110(a), 195.110 · cited in enforcement

CPF 520135012W

PHILLIPS 66 PIPELINE LLC — Warning Letter

195.110(a), 195.110 · cited in enforcement

CPF 520075002

BELLE FOURCHE PIPELINE CO — Notice of Probable Violation

195.110(a) · cited in enforcement

CPF 520065007W

CENEX PIPELINE LLC — Warning Letter

195.110(b) · cited in enforcement